journalctl
: Query the systemd
Journaludev
This chapter lists content changes for this document.
This manual was updated on the following dates:
Section A.1, “February 2019 (Maintenance Release of SUSE Linux Enterprise Server 12 SP3)”
Section A.2, “October 2018 (Maintenance Release of SUSE Linux Enterprise Server 12 SP3)”
Section A.3, “September 2017 (Initial Release of SUSE Linux Enterprise Server 12 SP3)”
Section A.4, “November 2016 (Initial Release of SUSE Linux Enterprise Server 12 SP2)”
Section A.5, “March 2016 (Maintenance Release of SUSE Linux Enterprise Server 12 SP1)”
Section A.6, “December 2015 (Initial Release of SUSE Linux Enterprise Server 12 SP1)”
Section A.7, “February 2015 (Documentation Maintenance Update)”
Section A.8, “October 2014 (Initial Release of SUSE Linux Enterprise Server 12)”
In Chapter 12, The Boot Loader GRUB 2, clarified the function of
/etc/sysconfig/bootloader
(https://bugzilla.suse.com/show_bug.cgi?id=1079418).
Improved consistency of Docker terminology throughout the documentation. This includes renaming a guide to Docker Open Source Engine Guide.
Completely rewrote the chapter and added IBM z Systems-Specific information (https://bugzilla.suse.com/show_bug.cgi?id=1046514).
Added Section 8.4.2, “VNC Session Initiated using vncmanager
” (Fate #319319).
List video modes in grub with videoinfo
,
vbeinfo
is outdated. See Section 12.2.2, “The File /etc/default/grub
”. (https://bugzilla.suse.com/show_bug.cgi?id=1074026)
Replace grub2-reboot
with
grub2-once
to set the default boot entry for the
next boot only, see Section 12.2.2, “The File /etc/default/grub
”.
(https://bugzilla.suse.com/show_bug.cgi?id=1071210)
Removed documentation about compiling 32-bit applications on a 64-bit system. This is not supported with SUSE Linux Enterprise Server (https://bugzilla.suse.com/show_bug.cgi?id=1092434).
Added descriptions for all bonding modes to Section 16.7, “Setting Up Bonding Devices” (doc comment #35319).
udev
Fixed location of udev rules (https://bugzilla.suse.com/show_bug.cgi?id=1103082).
Fixed a vriable name in Section 21.6.2, “Using Substitutions in udev
Rules” (https://bugzilla.suse.com/show_bug.cgi?id=1061131)
POWER is supported for kGraft live patching, see Chapter 22, Live Patching the Linux Kernel Using kGraft. (https://bugzilla.suse.com/show_bug.cgi?id=1074844)
kGraft patches are available for CVSS 7+ vulnerabilities, Section 22.9, “Scope of SLE Live Patching”. (https://bugzilla.suse.com/show_bug.cgi?id=1068181)
Added Kerberos performance tuning information (Fate #315348).
Adding drivers to /etc/dracut.conf.d/01-dist.conf
overrides dracut default settings (https://bugzilla.suse.com/show_bug.cgi?id=1112786).
Explained different locations for udev
rule files and updated name of the
default rule file in Chapter 21, Dynamic Kernel Device Management with udev
(https://bugzilla.suse.com/show_bug.cgi?id=1103082).
Corrected command and its man page reference in Section 13.6.2, “System Log” (https://bugzilla.suse.com/show_bug.cgi?id=1104266).
Improved tip about /boot/grub2/custom.cfg
in Section 12.2.3, “Scripts in /etc/grub.d
” (https://bugzilla.suse.com/show_bug.cgi?id=1102514)
Removed references to pure-ftpd
from Chapter 32, Setting Up an FTP Server with YaST (https://bugzilla.suse.com/show_bug.cgi?id=1101631).
Removed documentation about compiling 32-bit applications on a 64-bit system in Chapter 14, 32-Bit and 64-Bit Applications in a 64-Bit System Environment. This is not supported with SUSE Linux Enterprise Server (https://bugzilla.suse.com/show_bug.cgi?id=1092434).
Added the -alwaysshared
option for persistent VNC
connection in Procedure 8.2, “Starting a Persistent VNC Session using vncserver
”
(https://bugzilla.suse.com/show_bug.cgi?id=1081409).
Added a hint to Section 29.2.2, “Map Files” that uutofs map-files must not be executable (https://bugzilla.suse.com/show_bug.cgi?id=1081377).
POWER is supported for kGraft live patching, see Chapter 22, Live Patching the Linux Kernel Using kGraft. (https://bugzilla.suse.com/show_bug.cgi?id=1074844)
List video modes in grub with videoinfo
,
vbeinfo
is outdated. See Section 12.2.2, “The File /etc/default/grub
”. (https://bugzilla.suse.com/show_bug.cgi?id=1074026)
Replace grub2-reboot
with
grub2-once
to set the default boot entry for the
next boot only, see Section 12.2.2, “The File /etc/default/grub
”.
(https://bugzilla.suse.com/show_bug.cgi?id=1071210)
kGraft patches are available for CVSS 7+ vulnerabilities, Section 22.9, “Scope of SLE Live Patching”. (https://bugzilla.suse.com/show_bug.cgi?id=1068181)
Added ~/.alias
in Section 1.1.1, “Knowing the Bash Configuration Files”.
(https://bugzilla.suse.com/show_bug.cgi?id=1062209).
Fixed a vriable name in Section 21.6.2, “Using Substitutions in udev
Rules” (https://bugzilla.suse.com/show_bug.cgi?id=1061131)
Added hint on importing volume groups in Section 40.6.2.3, “Accessing the Installed System” (https://bugzilla.suse.com/show_bug.cgi?id=1051369).
Completely rewrote Chapter 10, Introduction to the boot process and added IBM z Systems-Specific information (https://bugzilla.suse.com/show_bug.cgi?id=1046514).
Replaced Figure 12.5, “Kernel Parameters” (https://bugzilla.suse.com/show_bug.cgi?id=1017753).
inAligned sections provided more details in Section 12.3.1, “Boot Loader Location and Boot Code Options” (https://bugzilla.suse.com/show_bug.cgi?id=1017737).
Described boot disk order in Section 12.3.2, “Adjusting the Disk Order” (https://bugzilla.suse.com/show_bug.cgi?id=1017731).
Removed a note referencing YaST for *DEFAULT options in Section 12.2.2, “The File /etc/default/grub
”
(https://bugzilla.suse.com/show_bug.cgi?id=1017728).
Updated and simplified Section 12.2.3, “Scripts in /etc/grub.d
”
(https://bugzilla.suse.com/show_bug.cgi?id=1017726).
Numerous small fixes and additions to the documentation, based on technical feedback.
Removed all references to the faillog
package, which is no longer shipped (https://bugzilla.suse.com/show_bug.cgi?id=710788).
Added a new chapter about the YaST GUI and mentioned advanced key combinations (https://bugzilla.suse.com/show_bug.cgi?id=1010039).
Added Section 6.1.5.2, “Refreshing Repositories” (Fate #319486).
Updated Section 6.1.3.1, “Installing All Needed Patches” (Fate #320653).
Added Section 6.1.6.3, “zypper info
Usage” (Fate #321104).
Mentioned that snapper rollback snapshots are automatically deleted. See Section 7.3, “System Rollback by Booting from Snapshots” and Section 7.3.1, “Snapshots after Rollback” (Fate #321773).
In Section 7.5, “Creating and Modifying Snapper Configurations”, added in-depth information on how the minimum root file system size for enabling snapshots is calculated (https://bugzilla.suse.com/show_bug.cgi?id=1036175).
Mentioned Btrfs default subvolume and its restrictions (https://bugzilla.suse.com/show_bug.cgi?id=1045884).
Fixed information about encrypted communication and added Section 8.5, “Encrypted VNC Communication” on how to set it up (https://bugzilla.suse.com/show_bug.cgi?id=1029117).
Completely revised former File Synchronization chapter and focused on Rsync.
systemd
Daemon
Added the System V init command chkconfig
to the
comparison table in Section 13.2.2.1, “Enabling/Disabling Services on the Command Line” (Doc Comment
#30251).
Fixed several doc comments in Section 16.8, “Setting Up Team Devices for Network Teaming”.
udev
Fixed udevadm
commands.
Updated Section 22.4, “Patch Lifecycle” (Fate #322212).
Removed duplicate content from Section 23.1.4, “Log Files: Package logrotate”.
Reordered included chapters so that they follow the boot process order.
Explained the YaST Squid module.
Replaced the command to start Apache2, httpd2
, with
apache2ctl
(https://bugzilla.suse.com/show_bug.cgi?id=1042437).
In Section 16.2.5, “For More Information”, corrected a typo in a referenced RFC document (https://bugzilla.suse.com/show_bug.cgi?id=1045881).
In Section 40.6, “Data Problems”, removed a reference to a YaST module that is no longer shipped (https://bugzilla.suse.com/show_bug.cgi?id=1052675).
La dirección de correo electrónico para los comentarios sobre la documentación ha cambiado a doc-team@suse.com
.
Se ha mejorado la documentación de Docker y su nombre ha cambiado a Guía de Docker.
Mentioned in Section 3.3, “Automatic Online Update” that the automatic online update does not automatically restart the system afterward (Doc Comment #30116).
zypper patch
no longer installs optional patches by
default. To install optional patches, use the
--with-optional
parameter (FATE#320447).
Added /var/cache
and
/var/lib/libvirt/images
to
Section 7.1.2, “Directories That Are Excluded from Snapshots” (Fate #320834).
Added Section 7.7, “Automatic Snapshot Clean-Up”, which also includes documentation on Snapper's new quota support (Fate #312751).
Added Can a snapshot be protected from deletion? (Fate #318799).
Advised users to repair file system in case root file system fails on boot time (FATE#320443).
Added a hint on grub-once
support of
/boot/grub2/custom.cfg
to
Section 12.2, “Configuration File Structure” (Fate #319632).
Added Section 7.3.2, “Accessing and Identifying Snapshot Boot Entries” (Fate #317972 and #318101).
Added information about trusted boot support to Section 12.3.1, “Boot Loader Location and Boot Code Options” (Fate #316553).
Added section about Network Teaming (FATE#320468), see Section 16.8, “Setting Up Team Devices for Network Teaming”.
Mentioned TUNNEL_DEVICE
for Wicked (FATE#317977,
Section 16.5.1.5, “Using Tunnels with Wicked”).
Added information on the
start-up option. Chroot jail is no longer the default (FATE #320392).Added a note about enabling NFSv2 (https://bugzilla.suse.com/show_bug.cgi?id=919708).
Updated chapter for Squid 3.5 (FATE#319674).
Added section about log files created during installation (FATE#320015).
Wrong service names for NFS with Kerberos (https://bugzilla.suse.com/show_bug.cgi?id=983230).
Live patches are released based on the SUSE CVSS score (https://bugzilla.suse.com/show_bug.cgi?id=992101).
Added a note about initramfs migration from swap to LVM.
El SMT Guide forma ahora parte de la documentación de SUSE Linux Enterprise Server.
Los productos adicionales proporcionados por SUSE han cambiado de nombre y ahora se denominan módulos y extensiones. Los manuales se han actualizado para reflejar este cambio.
Se han realizado numerosas correcciones y adiciones menores a la documentación, basadas en los comentarios técnicos.
El servicio de registro ha cambiado del Centro de servicios al cliente de Novell al Centro de servicios al cliente de SUSE.
En YaST, ahora se accede a https://bugzilla.suse.com/show_bug.cgi?id=867809).
a través del grupo . ya no aparece (
Added information about the new --sync
switch for
snapper delete
to
Section 7.6.4, “Deleting Snapshots” (Fate #317066).
Added Section 7.3.2, “Accessing and Identifying Snapshot Boot Entries” (Fate #317972 and Fate #318101).
Added a tip to Section 7.3, “System Rollback by Booting from Snapshots” on how to do a rollback to the initial installation state or the state before a system update (Fate #317973 and Fate #317900).
Added Section 7.1.3.3, “Creating and Mounting New Subvolumes” (Fate #318805, https://bugzilla.suse.com/show_bug.cgi?id=910602).
Turned a note into a section, added information about VNC using secured
protocol by default (Fate #318936), and removed
tightvnc
as it is fully replaced by
tigervnc
. All in
Section 8.3.1, “Available Configurations”.
Added Section 6.1.4, “Identifying Processes and Services Using Deleted Files” (Fate #318827).
Added more examples of zypper list-patches --cve
in
Section 6.1.3.1, “Installing All Needed Patches” (Fate #319053).
Added Section 6.1.2.6, “Installing Packages from Disabled Repositories” and a tip on
removing all debuginfo
packages in
Section 6.1.2, “Installing and Removing Software with Zypper” (Fate #316287).
Added a sentence on announcing the need for the system reboot after specific patch is applied. (Fate #317872).
journalctl
: Query the systemd
Journal
Added section Section 15.6, “Using YaST to Filter the systemd
Journal” (Fate #318486).
Updated/simplified the whole chapter to match the latest GRUB version, both command line and YaST version.
Added Section 11.1.4, “Using Non-Inbox Drivers” (Fate #317593).
Nanny is now on by default in Section 16.5.1.3, “Nanny” (Fate #318977).
Added Section 16.6, “Basic Router Setup” (Fate #317121, https://bugzilla.suse.com/show_bug.cgi?id=870132).
Added Section 16.9, “Software-Defined Networking with Open vSwitch” (Fate #318497).
Added Section 25.3.2.9.1, “Adding Reverse Zones” (Doc Comment #1356).
Added tip saying that --bind
mount is no longer
necessary for NFSv4 mounts in Section 27.3.2, “Exporting File Systems Manually”
(Fate #316311).
Mentioned cloud computing for file synchronization.
Replaced CA.sh
with the explicit
openssl
command in
Section 31.6.1.3, “Getting an Officially Signed Certificate” (Doc Comment
#28367).
Added Section 31.7, “Running Multiple Apache Instances on the Same Server” (Fate #317786).
Updated the chapter to match the latest Apache version 2.4 (Fate #319012).
Improved GRUB 2 re-installation procedure in Section 40.6.2.4, “Modifying and Re-installing the Boot Loader”.
Added Chapter 22, Live Patching the Linux Kernel Using kGraft (Fate #313296 and Fate #313438).
Removed obsolete
acpid.service
(https://bugzilla.suse.com/show_bug.cgi?id=918655).
Fixed wrong title in Chapter 22, Live Patching the Linux Kernel Using kGraft (https://bugzilla.suse.com/show_bug.cgi?id=954250).
Fixed wrong path name in Chapter 31, The Apache HTTP Server (https://bugzilla.suse.com/show_bug.cgi?id=949395).
Added a paragraph on secure boot enabled by default in Section 11.1.1, “Implementation on SUSE Linux Enterprise Server” (https://bugzilla.suse.com/show_bug.cgi?id=879486).
Removed documentation about VNC view-only passwords in Section 8.4, “Persistent VNC Sessions” because they are not available in SUSE Linux Enterprise Server (https://bugzilla.suse.com/show_bug.cgi?id=941307).
Fixed procedure to access the installed system in a rescue mode in Section 40.6.2.3, “Accessing the Installed System” (https://bugzilla.suse.com/show_bug.cgi?id=918217).
Added a new tip on updating the initramfs file after changing the
default sysctl
configuration in
Section 10.2.2.1, “The initramfs
file”
(https://bugzilla.suse.com/show_bug.cgi?id=927506).
Added a tip on preventing wicked from deactivating the network device on NFS roots in Section 27.4.1, “Importing File Systems with YaST” and Section 16.4.1.2.5, “Activating the Network Device” (https://bugzilla.suse.com/show_bug.cgi?id=938152).
Fixed misleading statement about
kernel-FLAVOR-extra
in Section 39.6, “Support of Kernel Modules”
(http://bugzilla.suse.com/show_bug.cgi?id=922976).
Btrfs/Snapper: Snapshots with new Subvolumes will not be Deleted ( https://bugzilla.suse.com/show_bug.cgi?id=910602).
Btrfs Documentation on Separate Subvolume on /var/lib and Supportability ( https://bugzilla.suse.com/show_bug.cgi?id=930424).
systemd
Daemon
A typo in a command has been fixed (https://bugzilla.suse.com/show_bug.cgi?id=900219).
Se ha eliminado toda la documentación y las referencias de KDE porque KDE ya no se incluye.
Se han eliminado todas las referencias a SuSEconfig, que ya no es compatible (Fate#100011).
Se ha pasado de System V init a systemd (Fate#310421). Se han actualizado las partes afectadas de la documentación.
El editor de nivel de ejecución de YaST ha cambiado al Gestor de servicios (Fate#312568). Se han actualizado las partes afectadas de la documentación.
Se han eliminado todas las referencias a la compatibilidad con RDSI, ya que se ha eliminado la compatibilidad con RDSI (Fate#314594).
Se han eliminado todas las referencias al módulo DSL de YaST, que ya no se incluye (Fate#316264).
Se han eliminado todas las referencias al módulo de módem de YaST, que ya no se incluye (Fate#316264).
Btrfs se ha convertido en el sistema de archivos por defecto para la partición raíz (Fate#315901). Se han actualizado las partes afectadas de la documentación.
El comando dmesg
proporciona ahora marcas horarias legibles para el usuario en un formato similar al de ctime()
(Fate#316056). Se han actualizado las partes afectadas de la documentación.
syslog y syslog-ng se han sustituido por rsyslog (Fate#316175). Se han actualizado las partes afectadas de la documentación.
MariaDB se incluye ahora como base de datos relacional, en lugar de MySQL (Fate#313595). Se han actualizado las partes afectadas de la documentación.
Los productos relacionados con SUSE ya no están disponibles en http://download.novell.com, sino en http://download.suse.com. Los enlaces se han ajustado en consecuencia.
El Centro de servicios al cliente de Novell se ha sustituido por el Centro de servicios al cliente de SUSE. Se han actualizado las partes afectadas de la documentación.
/var/run
se monta como tmpfs (Fate n.º 303793). Se han actualizado las partes afectadas de la documentación.
Las siguientes arquitecturas ya no son compatibles: IA64 y x86. Se han actualizado las partes afectadas de la documentación.
El método tradicional para configurar la red con ifconfig
se ha sustituido por wicked
. Se han actualizado las partes afectadas de la documentación.
Muchos comandos de red han quedado obsoletos y se han sustituido por comandos nuevos (normalmente, ip
). Se han actualizado las partes afectadas de la documentación.
arp : ip neighbor
|
ifconfig : ip addr , ip link
|
iptunnel : ip tunnel
|
iwconfig : iw
|
nameif : ip link , ifrename
|
netstat : ss , ip route , ip -s link , ip maddr
|
route : ip route
|
Se han realizado numerosas correcciones y adiciones menores a la documentación, basadas en los comentarios técnicos.
YaST provides an option to enable or disable the use of delta RPMs (Fate #314867).
Before installing patches that require a reboot, you are notified by YaST and can choose how to proceed.
Added the section Section 39.1, “Displaying Current System Information” (Fate #315869).
Added a section about the Supportconfig Analysis (SCA) tool and appliance: Section 39.4, “Analyzing System Information” (Fate #315699).
Added the section Section 39.6, “Support of Kernel Modules” (http://bugzilla.suse.com/show_bug.cgi?id=869159).
Updated and restructured the chapter.
Added information on how to filter and select packages in the software installation module.
Removed documentation about Zypper's rug compatibility mode (Fate #317708).
Rewrote Section 6.1.6, “Querying Repositories and Packages with Zypper”.
Updated the chapter and added new features (Fate #312751, Fate #316238, Fate #316233, Fate #316232, Fate #316222, Fate #316203, Fate #316222).
Added the section Section 7.3, “System Rollback by Booting from Snapshots” (Fate #316231, Fate #316221, Fate #316541, Fate #316522).
The default VNC viewer is now
tigervnc
.
Added corrections on window manager start-up in persistent VNC sessions.
Significantly shortened the chapter, because System V init has been
replaced by systemd. systemd is now described in a separate chapter:
Chapter 13, The systemd
Daemon.
systemd
Daemon
Added a new chapter on systemd and the YaST Services Manager (Fate #316631, Fate #312568).
New section on loading kernel modules (http://bugzilla.suse.com/show_bug.cgi?id=892349).
journalctl
: Query the systemd
Journal
Added a new chapter (http://bugzilla.suse.com/show_bug.cgi?id=878352).
Replaced the GRUB Legacy documentation with a new chapter on GRUB 2.
Support for LILO has been dropped.
Added new section Section 12.4, “Differences in Terminal Usage on z Systems”.
Updated the chapter and added new features (Fate #314510, Fate #316365).
Added instructions on where to find the SUSE Key certificate (Doc Comment #25080).
Updated chapter and section according to new CUPS version and with PDF now being a common printing data format (Fate #314630).
Updated the chapter to reflect dynamic configuration during each start-up.
NetworkManager is now part of the Workstation Extension: Section 16.4.1.1, “Configuring Global Networking Options” (Fate #316888).
Added section about new wicked
framework for network
configuration: Section 16.5, “Configuring a Network Connection Manually” (Fate #316649).
Mentioned additional options that can be added to
/etc/resolv.conf
:
Section 16.5.2, “Configuration Files” (Fate #316048).
Re-wrote chapter to provide significantly more information on the
slptool
command.
The YaST DNS module now supports configuring forwarders (Fate #309036).
Removed dhcpcd as it is no longer shipped (Fate #316111).
Added section Section 28.8, “Advanced Topics”.
Added section Section 28.8.1, “Transparent File Compression on Btrfs”.
Added section Section 28.8.2, “Snapshots”.
Configuring NFSv4 shares is now mostly similar to NFSv3, especially the previously required bind mount setting is now deprecated (Fate #315589).
Mounting NFS volumes locally on the exporting server is not supported.
Added a chapter on autofs
(Fate #316185).
Removed references to mono and mod_mono as it was removed from the distribution.
Updated the chapter to Apache version 2.4 (Fate #316067).
Removed deprecated directive NameVirtualHost
and
updated Section 31.2.2.1, “Virtual Host Configuration”
accordingly.
Updated Order
, Allow
, and
Deny
directives with standard
Require
.
Removed virtual "Snake Oil" company from Section 31.6, “Setting Up a Secure Web Server with SSL”.
pure-ftpd
was dropped (Fate
#315176, Fate #316308).
Removed obsolete references to the pm-utils
package.
Added new section Section 40.3.3, “Root Btrfs Partition Cannot Be Mounted” (Fate #308679, Fate #315126).
Removed section about deprecated YaST Repair module (Fate #308679).
Removed chapter about Wi-Fi configuration with YaST as Wi-Fi configuration can be done with NetworkManager: Chapter 36, Using NetworkManager.
Removed deprecated chapter about tablet PCs.
Added the section Section 39.6, “Support of Kernel Modules” (http://bugzilla.suse.com/show_bug.cgi?id=869159).
Added a new chapter Chapter 15, journalctl
: Query the systemd
Journal
(http://bugzilla.suse.com/show_bug.cgi?id=878352).