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ContentsContents
Virtualization Guide
  1. About This Manual
  2. I Introduction
    1. 1 Virtualization Technology
    2. 2 Introduction to Xen Virtualization
    3. 3 Introduction to KVM Virtualization
    4. 4 Introduction to Linux Containers
    5. 5 Virtualization Tools
    6. 6 Installation of Virtualization Components
    7. 7 Supported Hosts, Guests, and Features
  3. II Managing Virtual Machines with libvirt
    1. 8 Starting and Stopping libvirtd
    2. 9 Guest Installation
    3. 10 Basic VM Guest Management
    4. 11 Connecting and Authorizing
    5. 12 Managing Storage
    6. 13 Managing Networks
    7. 14 Configuring Virtual Machines with Virtual Machine Manager
    8. 15 Configuring Virtual Machines with virsh
  4. III Hypervisor-Independent Features
    1. 16 Disk Cache Modes
    2. 17 VM Guest Clock Settings
    3. 18 libguestfs
    4. 19 QEMU Guest Agent
    5. 20 Creating crash dumps of a VM Guest
  5. IV Managing Virtual Machines with Xen
    1. 21 Setting Up a Virtual Machine Host
    2. 22 Virtual Networking
    3. 23 Managing a Virtualization Environment
    4. 24 Block Devices in Xen
    5. 25 Virtualization: Configuration Options and Settings
    6. 26 Administrative Tasks
    7. 27 XenStore: Configuration Database Shared between Domains
    8. 28 Xen as a High-Availability Virtualization Host
  6. V Managing Virtual Machines with QEMU
    1. 29 QEMU Overview
    2. 30 Setting Up a KVM VM Host Server
    3. 31 Guest Installation
    4. 32 Running Virtual Machines with qemu-system-ARCH
    5. 33 Virtual Machine Administration Using QEMU Monitor
  7. VI Managing Virtual Machines with LXC
    1. 34 Linux Containers
    2. 35 Migration from LXC to libvirt-lxc
  8. Glossary
  9. A Virtual Machine Drivers
  10. B Appendix
  11. C XM, XL Toolstacks and Libvirt framework
  12. D Licenças GNU
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SUSE Linux Enterprise Server 15 SP1

Virtualization Guide

Abstract

Describes virtualization technology in general, and introduces libvirt—the unified interface to virtualization—and detailed information on specific hypervisors.

Publication Date: May 03, 2022
About This Manual
Documentação disponível
Comentários
Convenções da documentação
Product Life Cycle and Support
I Introduction
1 Virtualization Technology
1.1 Overview
1.2 Virtualization Capabilities
1.3 Virtualization Benefits
1.4 Virtualization Modes
1.5 I/O Virtualization
2 Introduction to Xen Virtualization
2.1 Basic Components
2.2 Xen Virtualization Architecture
3 Introduction to KVM Virtualization
3.1 Basic Components
3.2 KVM Virtualization Architecture
4 Introduction to Linux Containers
5 Virtualization Tools
5.1 Virtualization Console Tools
5.2 Virtualization GUI Tools
6 Installation of Virtualization Components
6.1 Installing KVM
6.2 Installing Xen
6.3 Installing Containers
6.4 Patterns
6.5 Installing UEFI Support
7 Supported Hosts, Guests, and Features
7.1 Host Environments (Hypervisors)
7.2 Guest Environments
7.3 KVM Hardware Requirements
7.4 Feature Support
II Managing Virtual Machines with libvirt
8 Starting and Stopping libvirtd
9 Guest Installation
9.1 GUI-Based Guest Installation
9.2 Installing from the Command Line with virt-install
9.3 Advanced Guest Installation Scenarios
10 Basic VM Guest Management
10.1 Listing VM Guests
10.2 Accessing the VM Guest via Console
10.3 Changing a VM Guest's State: Start, Stop, Pause
10.4 Saving and Restoring the State of a VM Guest
10.5 Creating and Managing Snapshots
10.6 Deleting a VM Guest
10.7 Migrating VM Guests
10.8 Monitoring
11 Connecting and Authorizing
11.1 Authentication
11.2 Connecting to a VM Host Server
11.3 Configuring Remote Connections
12 Managing Storage
12.1 Managing Storage with Virtual Machine Manager
12.2 Managing Storage with virsh
12.3 Locking Disk Files and Block Devices with virtlockd
12.4 Online Resizing of Guest Block Devices
12.5 Sharing Directories between Host and Guests (File System Pass-Through)
12.6 Using RADOS Block Devices with libvirt
13 Managing Networks
13.1 Network Bridge
13.2 Virtual Networks
14 Configuring Virtual Machines with Virtual Machine Manager
14.1 Machine Setup
14.2 Storage
14.3 Controllers
14.4 Networking
14.5 Input Devices
14.6 Video
14.7 USB Redirectors
14.8 Miscellaneous
14.9 Adding a CD/DVD-ROM Device with Virtual Machine Manager
14.10 Adding a Floppy Device with Virtual Machine Manager
14.11 Ejecting and Changing Floppy or CD/DVD-ROM Media with Virtual Machine Manager
14.12 Assigning a Host PCI Device to a VM Guest
14.13 Assigning a Host USB Device to a VM Guest
15 Configuring Virtual Machines with virsh
15.1 Editing the VM Configuration
15.2 Managing Guest Memory Allocation (Xen only)
15.3 Changing the Machine Type
15.4 Configuring CPU Allocation
15.5 Changing Boot Options
15.6 Configuring Memory Allocation
15.7 Adding a PCI Device
15.8 Adding a USB Device
15.9 Adding SR-IOV Devices
15.10 Listing Attached Devices
15.11 Configuring Storage Devices
15.12 Configuring Controller Devices
15.13 Configuring Video Devices
15.14 Configuring Network Devices
15.15 Using Macvtap to Share VM Host Server Network Interfaces
15.16 Disabling a Memory Balloon Device
15.17 Configuring Multiple Monitors (Dual Head)
15.18 Crypto adapter pass-through to KVM guests on IBM Z
III Hypervisor-Independent Features
16 Disk Cache Modes
16.1 Disk Interface Cache Modes
16.2 Description of Cache Modes
16.3 Data Integrity Implications of Cache Modes
16.4 Performance Implications of Cache Modes
16.5 Effect of Cache Modes on Live Migration
17 VM Guest Clock Settings
17.1 KVM: Using kvm_clock
17.2 Xen Virtual Machine Clock Settings
18 libguestfs
18.1 VM Guest Manipulation Overview
18.2 Package Installation
18.3 Guestfs Tools
18.4 Troubleshooting
18.5 External References
19 QEMU Guest Agent
19.1 Running QEMU GA Commands
19.2 virsh Commands that Require QEMU GA
19.3 Enhancing libvirt Commands
19.4 For More Information
20 Creating crash dumps of a VM Guest
20.1 Introduction
20.2 Creating crash dumps for fully virtualized machines
20.3 Creating crash dumps for paravirtualized machines
20.4 Additional information
IV Managing Virtual Machines with Xen
21 Setting Up a Virtual Machine Host
21.1 Best Practices and Suggestions
21.2 Managing Dom0 Memory
21.3 Network Card in Fully Virtualized Guests
21.4 Starting the Virtual Machine Host
21.5 PCI Pass-Through
21.6 USB Pass-Through
22 Virtual Networking
22.1 Network Devices for Guest Systems
22.2 Host-Based Routing in Xen
22.3 Creating a Masqueraded Network Setup
22.4 Special Configurations
23 Managing a Virtualization Environment
23.1 XL—Xen Management Tool
23.2 Automatic Start of Guest Domains
23.3 Event Actions
23.4 Time Stamp Counter
23.5 Saving Virtual Machines
23.6 Restoring Virtual Machines
23.7 Virtual Machine States
24 Block Devices in Xen
24.1 Mapping Physical Storage to Virtual Disks
24.2 Mapping Network Storage to Virtual Disk
24.3 File-Backed Virtual Disks and Loopback Devices
24.4 Resizing Block Devices
24.5 Scripts for Managing Advanced Storage Scenarios
25 Virtualization: Configuration Options and Settings
25.1 Virtual CD Readers
25.2 Remote Access Methods
25.3 VNC Viewer
25.4 Virtual Keyboards
25.5 Dedicating CPU Resources
25.6 HVM Features
26 Administrative Tasks
26.1 The Boot Loader Program
26.2 Sparse Image Files and Disk Space
26.3 Migrating Xen VM Guest Systems
26.4 Monitoring Xen
26.5 Providing Host Information for VM Guest Systems
27 XenStore: Configuration Database Shared between Domains
27.1 Introduction
27.2 File System Interface
28 Xen as a High-Availability Virtualization Host
28.1 Xen HA with Remote Storage
28.2 Xen HA with Local Storage
28.3 Xen HA and Private Bridges
V Managing Virtual Machines with QEMU
29 QEMU Overview
30 Setting Up a KVM VM Host Server
30.1 CPU Support for Virtualization
30.2 Required Software
30.3 KVM Host-Specific Features
31 Guest Installation
31.1 Basic Installation with qemu-system-ARCH
31.2 Managing Disk Images with qemu-img
32 Running Virtual Machines with qemu-system-ARCH
32.1 Basic qemu-system-ARCH Invocation
32.2 General qemu-system-ARCH Options
32.3 Using Devices in QEMU
32.4 Networking in QEMU
32.5 Viewing a VM Guest with VNC
33 Virtual Machine Administration Using QEMU Monitor
33.1 Accessing Monitor Console
33.2 Getting Information about the Guest System
33.3 Changing VNC Password
33.4 Managing Devices
33.5 Controlling Keyboard and Mouse
33.6 Changing Available Memory
33.7 Dumping Virtual Machine Memory
33.8 Managing Virtual Machine Snapshots
33.9 Suspending and Resuming Virtual Machine Execution
33.10 Live Migration
33.11 QMP - QEMU Machine Protocol
VI Managing Virtual Machines with LXC
34 Linux Containers
34.1 Setting Up LXC Distribution Containers
34.2 Setting Up LXC Application Containers
34.3 Securing a Container Using AppArmor
34.4 Differences between the libvirt LXC Driver and LXC
34.5 Sharing Namespaces across Containers
34.6 For More Information
35 Migration from LXC to libvirt-lxc
35.1 Host Migration
35.2 Container Migration
35.3 Starting the Container
Glossary
A Virtual Machine Drivers
B Appendix
B.1 Installing Paravirtualized Drivers
C XM, XL Toolstacks and Libvirt framework
C.1 Xen Toolstacks
C.2 Import Xen Domain Configuration into libvirt
C.3 Differences between the xm and xl Applications
C.4 External links
C.5 Saving a Xen Guest Configuration in an xm Compatible Format
D Licenças GNU
D.1 GNU Free Documentation License
List of Figures
2.1 Xen Virtualization Architecture
3.1 KVM Virtualization Architecture
13.1 Connection Details
13.2 Create virtual network
13.3 Create virtual network
13.4 Create virtual network
14.1 Details View of a VM Guest
14.2 Overview details
14.3 VM Guest Title and Description
14.4 Performance
14.5 Statistics Charts
14.6 Processor View
14.7 Memory View
14.8 Boot Options
14.9 Add a New Storage
14.10 Add a New Controller
14.11 Add a New Controller
14.12 Add a New Input Device
14.13 Add a New Video Device
14.14 Add a New USB Redirector
14.15 Adding a PCI Device
14.16 Adding a USB Device
26.1 Boot Loader Settings
30.1 Installing the KVM Hypervisor and Tools
30.2 Network Bridge
31.1 New 2 GB Partition in Guest YaST Partitioner
32.1 QEMU Window with SLES as VM Guest
32.2 QEMU VNC Session
32.3 Authentication Dialog in Remmina
List of Tables
7.1 Feature Support—Host (Dom0)
7.2 Feature Support—Paravirtualized Guest
7.3 Feature Support—Fully Virtualized Guest
28.1 Xen Remote Storage
C.1 Notation Conventions
C.2 New Global Options
C.3 Common Options
C.4 Domain Management Removed Options
C.5 USB Devices Management Removed Options
C.6 CPU Management Removed options
C.7 Other Options
C.8 xl create Changed Options
C.9 xm create Removed Options
C.10 xl create Added Options
C.11 xl console Added Options
C.12 xm info Removed Options
C.13 xm dump-core Removed Options
C.14 xm list Removed Options
C.15 xl list Added Options
C.16 xl mem-* Changed Options
C.17 xm migrate Removed Options
C.18 xl migrate Added Options
C.19 xm reboot Removed Options
C.20 xl reboot Added Options
C.21 xl save Added Options
C.22 xl restore Added Options
C.23 xm shutdown Removed Options
C.24 xl shutdown Added Options
C.25 xl trigger Changed Options
C.26 xm sched-credit Removed Options
C.27 xl sched-credit Added Options
C.28 xm sched-credit2 Removed Options
C.29 xl sched-credit2 Added Options
C.30 xm sched-sedf Removed Options
C.31 xl sched-sedf Added Options
C.32 xm cpupool-list Removed Options
C.33 xm cpupool-create Removed Options
C.34 xl pci-detach Added Options
C.35 xm block-list Removed Options
C.36 Other Options
C.37 Network Options
C.38 xl network-attach Removed Options
C.39 New Options
List of Examples
9.1 Loading Kernel and Initrd from HTTP Server
9.2 Example of a virt-install command line
10.1 Typical Output of kvm_stat
13.1 NAT Based Network
13.2 Routed Network
13.3 Isolated Network
13.4 Using an Existing Bridge on VM Host Server
15.1 Example XML Configuration File
23.1 Guest Domain Configuration File for SLED 12: /etc/xen/sled12.cfg
30.1 Exporting Host's File System with VirtFS
32.1 Restricted User-mode Networking
32.2 User-mode Networking with Custom IP Range
32.3 User-mode Networking with Network-boot and TFTP
32.4 User-mode Networking with Host Port Forwarding
32.5 Password Authentication
32.6 x509 Certificate Authentication
32.7 x509 Certificate and Password Authentication
32.8 SASL Authentication
C.1 Converting Xen Domain Configuration to libvirt

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