Applies to SUSE Linux Enterprise Server 15 SP2

5 YaST Online Update #

SUSE offers a continuous stream of software security updates for your product. By default, the update applet is used to keep your system up-to-date. Refer to Seção 19.5, “Atualizador de pacotes do GNOME” for further information on the update applet. This chapter covers the alternative tool for updating software packages: YaST Online Update.

The current patches for SUSE® Linux Enterprise Server are available from an update software repository. If you have registered your product during the installation, an update repository is already configured. If you have not registered SUSE Linux Enterprise Server, you can do so by starting the Product Registration in YaST. Alternatively, you can manually add an update repository from a source you trust. To add or remove repositories, start the Repository Manager with Software › Software Repositories in YaST. Learn more about the Repository Manager in Seção 19.4, “Gerenciando repositórios de software e serviços”.

Note: Error on Accessing the Update Catalog

If you are not able to access the update catalog, this might be because of an expired subscription. Normally, SUSE Linux Enterprise Server comes with a one-year or three-year subscription, during which you have access to the update catalog. This access will be denied after the subscription ends.

If an access to the update catalog is denied, you will see a warning message prompting you to visit the SUSE Customer Center and check your subscription. The SUSE Customer Center is available at https://scc.suse.com//.

SUSE provides updates with different relevance levels:

Security Updates: Fix severe security hazards and should always be installed.
Recommended Updates: Fix issues that could compromise your computer.
Optional Updates: Fix non-security relevant issues or provide enhancements.

5.1 The Online Update Dialog #

To open the YaST Online Update dialog, start YaST and select Software › Online Update. Alternatively, start it from the command line with yast2 online_update.

The Online Update window consists of four sections.

Figure 5.1: YaST Online Update #

The Summary section on the left lists the available patches for SUSE Linux Enterprise Server. The patches are sorted by security relevance: security, recommended, and optional. You can change the view of the Summary section by selecting one of the following options from Show Patch Category:

Needed Patches (default view): Non-installed patches that apply to packages installed on your system.
Unneeded Patches: Patches that either apply to packages not installed on your system, or patches that have requirements which have already have been fulfilled (because the relevant packages have already been updated from another source).
All Patches: All patches available for SUSE Linux Enterprise Server.

Each list entry in the Summary section consists of a symbol and the patch name. For an overview of the possible symbols and their meaning, press Shift–F1. Actions required by Security and Recommended patches are automatically preset. These actions are Autoinstall, Autoupdate and Autodelete.

If you install an up-to-date package from a repository other than the update repository, the requirements of a patch for this package may be fulfilled with this installation. In this case a check mark is displayed in front of the patch summary. The patch will be visible in the list until you mark it for installation. This will in fact not install the patch (because the package already is up-to-date), but mark the patch as having been installed.

Select an entry in the Summary section to view a short Patch Description at the bottom left corner of the dialog. The upper right section lists the packages included in the selected patch (a patch can consist of several packages). Click an entry in the upper right section to view details about the respective package that is included in the patch.

5.2 Installing Patches #

The YaST Online Update dialog allows you to either install all available patches at once or manually select the desired patches. You may also revert patches that have been applied to the system.

By default, all new patches (except optional ones) that are currently available for your system are already marked for installation. They will be applied automatically once you click Accept or Apply. If one or multiple patches require a system reboot, you will be notified about this before the patch installation starts. You can then either decide to continue with the installation of the selected patches, skip the installation of all patches that need rebooting and install the rest, or go back to the manual patch selection.

Procedure 5.1: Applying Patches with YaST Online Update #

Start YaST and select Software › Online Update.
To automatically apply all new patches (except optional ones) that are currently available for your system, click Apply or Accept.
First modify the selection of patches that you want to apply:
1. Use the respective filters and views that the interface provides. For details, refer to Section 5.1, “The Online Update Dialog”.
2. Select or deselect patches according to your needs and wishes by right-clicking the patch and choosing the respective action from the context menu.
  Important: Always Apply Security Updates
  Do not deselect any security-related patches without a very good reason. These patches fix severe security hazards and prevent your system from being exploited.
3. Most patches include updates for several packages. To change actions for single packages, right-click a package in the package view and choose an action.
4. To confirm your selection and apply the selected patches, proceed with Apply or Accept.
After the installation is complete, click Finish to leave the YaST Online Update. Your system is now up-to-date.

5.3 Viewing retracted patches #

Maintenance updates are carefully tested, to minimize the risk of introducing a bug. If a patch proves to contain a bug, it is automatically retracted. A new update (with a higher version number) is issued to revert the buggy patch, and is blocked from being installed again. You can see retracted patches, and their history, on the Package Classification tab.

Figure 5.2: Viewing retracted patches and history #

5.4 Automatic Online Update #

You may configure automatic updates with a daily, weekly, or monthly schedule with YaST. Install the yast2-online-update-configuration package.

By default, updates are downloaded as delta RPMs. Since rebuilding RPM packages from delta RPMs is a memory- and processor-intensive task, certain setups or hardware configurations might require you to disable the use of delta RPMs for the sake of performance.

Some patches, such as kernel updates or packages requiring license agreements, require user interaction, which would cause the automatic update procedure to stop. You can configure skipping patches that require user interaction.

Use the Patches tab in the YaST Software module to review available and installed patches, including references to bug reports and CVE bulletins.

Procedure 5.2: Configuring the Automatic Online Update #

After installation, start YaST and select Software › Online Update. Choose Configuration › Online Update. If the yast2-online-update-configuration is not installed, you will be prompted to do that.
Figure 5.3: YaST Online Update Configuration #

Alternatively, start the module with yast2 online_update_configuration from the command line.
Choose the update interval: Daily, Weekly, or Monthly.
Sometimes patches may require the attention of the administrator, for example when restarting critical services. For example, this might be an update for Docker Open Source Engine that requires all containers to be restarted. Before these patches are installed, the user is informed about the consequences and is asked to confirm the installation of the patch. Such patches are called “Interactive Patches”.
When installing patches automatically, it is assumed that you have accepted the installation of interactive patches. If you prefer to review these patches before they get installed, check Skip Interactive Patches. In this case, interactive patches will be skipped during automated patching. Make sure to periodically run a manual online update, to check whether interactive patches are waiting to be installed.
To automatically accept any license agreements, activate Agree with Licenses.
To automatically install all packages recommended by updated packages, activate Include Recommended Packages.
To disable the use of delta RPMs (for performance reasons), un-check Use Delta RPMs.
To filter the patches by category (such as security or recommended), check Filter by Category and add the appropriate patch categories from the list. Only patches of the selected categories will be installed. It is a good practice to enable only automatic Security updates, and to manually review all others. Patching is usually reliable, but you may wish to test non-security patches, and roll them back if you encounter any problems.
- Packagemanager and YaST supply patches for package management and YaST features and modules.
- Security patches provide crucial updates and bugfixes.
- Recommended patches are optional bugfixes and enhancements.
- Optional are new packages.
- Other is equivalent to miscellaneous.
- Document is unused.
Confirm your configuration by clicking OK.

The automatic online update does not automatically restart the system afterward. If there are package updates that require a system reboot, you need to do this manually.