Guía de inicio rápido de la instalación #
SUSE Linux Enterprise Server 12 SP5
Presenta los requisitos del sistema y proporciona instrucciones detalladas para instalar SUSE Linux Enterprise Server desde un DVD o una imagen ISO.
Use los procedimientos siguientes para instalar una versión nueva de SUSE® Linux Enterprise Server 12 SP5. Este documento ofrece una descripción rápida general sobre cómo ejecutar una instalación por defecto de SUSE Linux Enterprise Server en la arquitectura AMD64/Intel 64.
1 Bienvenido a SUSE Linux Enterprise Server #
Para obtener instrucciones de instalación más detalladas y estrategias de distribución, consulte la documentación de SUSE Linux Enterprise Server en https://documentation.suse.com/.
1.1 Requisitos mínimos del sistema #
Procesador AMD64/Intel* EM64T (no se admiten los procesadores de 32 bits)
512 MB de RAM física (se recomienda 1 GB o más)
3,5 GB de espacio disponible en disco (se recomienda una cantidad superior)
Resolución de pantalla de 800 x 600 (se recomienda 1024 x 768 o superior)
1.2 Instalación de SUSE Linux Enterprise Server #
Siga estas instrucciones si el equipo no cuenta con un sistema Linux o si desea sustituir un sistema Linux existente.
Inserte el DVD de SUSE Linux Enterprise Server en la unidad correspondiente y rearranque el equipo para que se inicie el programa de instalación. En equipos con BIOS tradicional, verá la pantalla de arranque gráfica que se muestra a continuación. En equipos con UEFI se emplea una pantalla de arranque ligeramente distinta. Se admite el arranque seguro en equipos con UEFI.
Use F2 para cambiar el idioma del programa de instalación. La distribución del teclado correspondiente se selecciona automáticamente. Consulte el Book “Guía de distribución”, Chapter 6 “Instalación mediante YaST”, Section 6.2.2.1 “Pantalla de arranque en equipos equipados con BIOS tradicional” o el Book “Guía de distribución”, Chapter 6 “Instalación mediante YaST”, Section 6.2.2.2 “Pantalla de arranque en equipos con UEFI” para obtener más información sobre las opciones de cambio de arranque.
Seleccione Intro. El sistema se arranca y carga el programa de instalación de SUSE Linux Enterprise Server.
en la pantalla de arranque y pulseLas opciones
y se inicializan con los ajustes de idioma seleccionados en la pantalla de arranque. Cámbielas aquí si fuera necesario.Lea el acuerdo de licencia. Se muestra en el idioma que ha elegido en la pantalla de arranque. Hay disponibles SUSE Linux Enterprise Server. Haga clic en
Debe aceptar el acuerdo marcando la opción para poder instalarSe realiza un análisis del sistema en el que el programa de instalación busca dispositivos de almacenamiento e intenta localizar otros sistemas instalados. Si no es posible configurar automáticamente la red al iniciar el sistema de instalación, se abre el recuadro de diálogo
Cuando se haya configurado al menos una interfaz de red, podrá registrar el sistema en el Centro de servicios al cliente de SUSE (SCC). Introduzca la dirección de correo electrónico asociada con su cuenta de SCC y el código de registro de SUSE Linux Enterprise Server. Para obtener actualizaciones del producto y recibir asistencia técnica es necesario haber realizado correctamente el registro. Haga clic en
Sugerencia: instalación de parches del producto durante la instalaciónSi SUSE Linux Enterprise Server se ha registrado correctamente en el Centro de servicios al cliente de SUSE, se le pedirá que instale las últimas actualizaciones en línea disponibles durante la instalación. Si selecciona el sistema se instalará con los paquetes más recientes sin necesidad de aplicar las actualizaciones después de la instalación. Se recomienda activar esta opción.
Nota: Notas de la versiónA partir de ahora, las notas de la versión se pueden ver desde cualquier pantalla durante el proceso de instalación seleccionando
Cuando se haya registrado correctamente el sistema, YaST mostrará los módulos y extensiones disponibles para SUSE Linux Enterprise Server en el Centro de servicios al cliente de SUSE. La lista contiene módulos gratuitos, como el SDK de SUSE Linux Enterprise, o extensiones que requieren una clave de registro de pago. Haga clic en una entrada para ver su descripción. Opcionalmente, puede seleccionar un módulo o una extensión para instalar activando su marca de verificación. Haga clic en
El recuadro de diálogo “repositorios”) a SUSE Linux Enterprise Server que no proporciona el Centro de servicios al cliente de SUSE. Estos productos adicionales pueden ser productos y controladores de otros fabricantes o software complementario para el sistema.
permite añadir orígenes de software adicionales (denominadosSugerencia: adición de controladores durante la instalaciónTambién puede añadir repositorios de actualizaciones de controladores mediante el recuadro de diálogo http://drivers.suse.com/. Estos controladores se han creado mediante el programa SUSE SolidDriver.
Las actualizaciones de controladores de SUSE Linux Enterprise se proporcionan enSi desea omitir este paso, seleccione
En caso contrario, active la opción Especifique un tipo de soporte, una vía local o un recurso de red donde se encuentre el repositorio y siga las instrucciones de la pantalla.Marque
para descargar los archivos de descripción del repositorio inmediatamente. Si se desactiva, se descargarán después de iniciarse la instalación. Seleccione e inserte un soporte, si fuera necesario. En función del contenido del producto, puede ser necesario aceptar otros acuerdos de licencia. Haga clic en Si ha seleccionado un producto adicional que requiere una clave de registro, se le pedirá que lo introduzca en la páginaElija la
que mejor satisfaga sus necesidades. Seleccione el para equipos físicos o invitados virtuales. En el caso de un host de virtualización que pueda ejecutar otras máquinas virtuales, seleccione o .Revise la configuración propuesta por el sistema para la partición. Si fuera necesario, cámbiela. Tiene las opciones siguientes:
Permite cambiar las opciones de la configuración propuesta, pero no el diseño de partición.
Seleccione un disco para aplicar la propuesta.
Abre el Book “Guía de distribución”, Chapter 12 “Configuración avanzada de disco”, Section 12.1 “Uso del particionador de YaST”.
descrito en el
Para aceptar la configuración propuesta sin cambios, haga clic en
para continuar.Seleccione el reloj y la zona horaria que se deben utilizar en el sistema. Para ajustar manualmente la hora o para configurar un servidor NTP que se encargue de la sincronización de la hora, seleccione Book “Guía de distribución”, Chapter 6 “Instalación mediante YaST”, Section 6.12 “Reloj y zona horaria” para obtener más información. Haga clic en
Consulte elPara crear un usuario local, escriba el nombre y los apellidos en el campo
el nombre de entrada en el campo y en el campo indique el valor correspondiente.La contraseña debe contener un mínimo de ocho caracteres, entre los que deben figurar números y letras mayúsculas y minúsculas. Las contraseñas puede tener 72 caracteres como máximo; cabe recordar que distinguen entre mayúsculas y minúsculas.
Por motivos de seguridad, se recomienda encarecidamente no habilitar la opción Tampoco se recomienda habilitar y proporcionar en su lugar una contraseña de usuario
root
en el paso de instalación siguiente. Haga clic enEscriba una contraseña para la cuenta del administrador del sistema (llamado usuario
root
).No debe olvidar nunca la contraseña del usuario
root
. Tras introducirla aquí, no podrá recuperarla. Consulte el Book “Guía de distribución”, Chapter 6 “Instalación mediante YaST”, Section 6.14 “Contraseña del administrador del sistemaroot
” para obtener más información. Haga clic enUse la pantalla
para revisar y, si fuera necesario, cambiar los valores de instalación propuestos oportunos. Se muestra la configuración actual para cada ajuste. Para cambiarla, haga clic en el encabezado correspondiente. Algunos ajustes, como el cortafuegos o SSH, se pueden cambiar directamente haciendo clic en sus enlaces.Sugerencia: acceso remotoLos cambios realizados aquí también se pueden realizar más tarde en el sistema instalado. Sin embargo, si necesita acceder de forma remota directamente tras la instalación, debe ajustar los valores de
según sus necesidades.El ámbito de software por defecto incluye el sistema base y X Window con el escritorio GNOME. Al hacer clic en Book “Guía de distribución”, Chapter 13 “Instalación o eliminación de software” para obtener más información.
se abre la ventana donde puede cambiar el software elegido seleccionando o deseleccionando patrones. Cada patrón incluye varios paquetes de software necesarios para funciones específicas (por ejemplo, servidor Web y LAMP o servidor de impresión). Para poder seleccionar con más detalle los paquetes de software que se deben instalar, seleccione . Consulte elEsta sección muestra la configuración del cargador de arranque. Solo se recomienda cambiar los valores por defecto si es estrictamente necesario. Consulte el Book “Administration Guide”, Chapter 13 “The Boot Loader GRUB 2” para obtener más detalles.
Book “Administration Guide”, Chapter 13 “The Boot Loader GRUB 2” CPU Mitigations.
hace referencia a los parámetros de la línea de comandos de arranque del núcleo relativas a las mitigaciones de software que se han distribuido para evitar ataques de canal lateral de la CPU. Haga clic en la entrada resaltada para elegir una opción distinta. Para obtener información, consulte:Por defecto, el cortafuegos está habilitado con la interfaz de red activa configurada para la zona externa. Consulte en el Book “Security and Hardening Guide”, Chapter 16 “Masquerading and Firewalls”, Section 16.4 “SuSEfirewall2” los detalles de la configuración.
El servicio SSH está inhabilitado por defecto. Su puerto (el 22) está cerrado. Por lo tanto, no es posible iniciar sesión de forma remota por defecto. Haga clic en
para cambiar estos ajustes.Kdump guarda la imagen de la memoria (“volcado del núcleo”) en el sistema de archivos en caso de que el núcleo se detenga por fallo. Esto le permite depurar el archivo de volcado para buscar las causas del fallo. Kdump está preconfigurado y habilitado por defecto. Consulte el Book “System Analysis and Tuning Guide”, Chapter 17 “Kexec and Kdump”, Section 17.7 “Basic Kdump Configuration” para obtener más información.
Por defecto, el sistema arranca en un destino
con compatibilidad multiusuario, con la red y con el gestor de visualización. Cambie a si no necesita iniciar sesión mediante el gestor de visualización.Para consultar la información detallada del hardware, haga clic en Book “Guía de distribución”, Chapter 6 “Instalación mediante YaST”, Section 6.15.8 “ para obtener más información. ”
En la pantalla que se abre también puede cambiar los consulte el
Cuando finalice la configuración del sistema en la pantalla
haga clic en Según la selección de software realizada, quizás deba aceptar acuerdos de licencia antes de que aparezca la pantalla de confirmación de la instalación. Hasta este momento no se ha realizado cambio alguno en el sistema. Cuando haga clic en por segunda vez, el proceso de instalación se iniciará.Durante la instalación, se muestra el progreso en detalle en la pestaña
Cuando finalice la rutina de instalación, el equipo se reiniciará para abrir el sistema instalado. Entre a la sesión e inicie YaST para realizar ajustes más precisos en el sistema. Si no utiliza un escritorio gráfico o trabaja desde un sistema remoto, consulte el Book “Administration Guide”, Chapter 5 “YaST in Text Mode” para obtener información sobre cómo usar YaST desde un terminal.
2 Información legal #
Copyright © 2006– 2024 SUSE LLC y colaboradores. Reservados todos los derechos.
Está permitido copiar, distribuir y modificar este documento según los términos de la licencia de documentación gratuita GNU, versión 1.2 o (según su criterio) versión 1.3. Este aviso de copyright y licencia deberán permanecer inalterados. En la sección titulada “GNU Free Documentation License” (Licencia de documentación gratuita GNU) se incluye una copia de la versión 1.2 de la licencia.
Para obtener información sobre las marcas comerciales de SUSE, consulte http://www.suse.com/company/legal/. Todas las marcas comerciales de otros fabricantes son propiedad de sus respectivas empresas. Los símbolos de marca comercial (®,™ etc.) indican marcas comerciales de SUSE y sus afiliados. Los asteriscos (*) indican marcas comerciales de otros fabricantes.
Toda la información recogida en esta publicación se ha compilado prestando toda la atención posible al más mínimo detalle. Sin embargo, esto no garantiza una precisión total. Ni SUSE LLC, ni sus filiales, ni los autores o traductores serán responsables de los posibles errores o las consecuencias que de ellos pudieran derivarse.
3 GNU Free Documentation License #
Copyright (C) 2000, 2001, 2002 Free Software Foundation, Inc. 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA. Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies of this license document, but changing it is not allowed.
0. PREAMBLE #
The purpose of this License is to make a manual, textbook, or other functional and useful document "free" in the sense of freedom: to assure everyone the effective freedom to copy and redistribute it, with or without modifying it, either commercially or non-commercially. Secondarily, this License preserves for the author and publisher a way to get credit for their work, while not being considered responsible for modifications made by others.
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2. VERBATIM COPYING #
You may copy and distribute the Document in any medium, either commercially or non-commercially, provided that this License, the copyright notices, and the license notice saying this License applies to the Document are reproduced in all copies, and that you add no other conditions whatsoever to those of this License. You may not use technical measures to obstruct or control the reading or further copying of the copies you make or distribute. However, you may accept compensation in exchange for copies. If you distribute a large enough number of copies you must also follow the conditions in section 3.
You may also lend copies, under the same conditions stated above, and you may publicly display copies.
3. COPYING IN QUANTITY #
If you publish printed copies (or copies in media that commonly have printed covers) of the Document, numbering more than 100, and the Document's license notice requires Cover Texts, you must enclose the copies in covers that carry, clearly and legibly, all these Cover Texts: Front-Cover Texts on the front cover, and Back-Cover Texts on the back cover. Both covers must also clearly and legibly identify you as the publisher of these copies. The front cover must present the full title with all words of the title equally prominent and visible. You may add other material on the covers in addition. Copying with changes limited to the covers, as long as they preserve the title of the Document and satisfy these conditions, can be treated as verbatim copying in other respects.
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It is requested, but not required, that you contact the authors of the Document well before redistributing any large number of copies, to give them a chance to provide you with an updated version of the Document.
4. MODIFICATIONS #
You may copy and distribute a Modified Version of the Document under the conditions of sections 2 and 3 above, provided that you release the Modified Version under precisely this License, with the Modified Version filling the role of the Document, thus licensing distribution and modification of the Modified Version to whoever possesses a copy of it. In addition, you must do these things in the Modified Version:
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List on the Title Page, as authors, one or more persons or entities responsible for authorship of the modifications in the Modified Version, together with at least five of the principal authors of the Document (all of its principal authors, if it has fewer than five), unless they release you from this requirement.
State on the Title page the name of the publisher of the Modified Version, as the publisher.
Preserve all the copyright notices of the Document.
Add an appropriate copyright notice for your modifications adjacent to the other copyright notices.
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5. COMBINING DOCUMENTS #
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In the combination, you must combine any sections Entitled "History" in the various original documents, forming one section Entitled "History"; likewise combine any sections Entitled "Acknowledgements", and any sections Entitled "Dedications". You must delete all sections Entitled "Endorsements".
6. COLLECTIONS OF DOCUMENTS #
You may make a collection consisting of the Document and other documents released under this License, and replace the individual copies of this License in the various documents with a single copy that is included in the collection, provided that you follow the rules of this License for verbatim copying of each of the documents in all other respects.
You may extract a single document from such a collection, and distribute it individually under this License, provided you insert a copy of this License into the extracted document, and follow this License in all other respects regarding verbatim copying of that document.
7. AGGREGATION WITH INDEPENDENT WORKS #
A compilation of the Document or its derivatives with other separate and independent documents or works, in or on a volume of a storage or distribution medium, is called an "aggregate" if the copyright resulting from the compilation is not used to limit the legal rights of the compilation's users beyond what the individual works permit. When the Document is included in an aggregate, this License does not apply to the other works in the aggregate which are not themselves derivative works of the Document.
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8. TRANSLATION #
Translation is considered a kind of modification, so you may distribute translations of the Document under the terms of section 4. Replacing Invariant Sections with translations requires special permission from their copyright holders, but you may include translations of some or all Invariant Sections in addition to the original versions of these Invariant Sections. You may include a translation of this License, and all the license notices in the Document, and any Warranty Disclaimers, provided that you also include the original English version of this License and the original versions of those notices and disclaimers. In case of a disagreement between the translation and the original version of this License or a notice or disclaimer, the original version will prevail.
If a section in the Document is Entitled "Acknowledgements", "Dedications", or "History", the requirement (section 4) to Preserve its Title (section 1) will typically require changing the actual title.
9. TERMINATION #
You may not copy, modify, sublicense, or distribute the Document except as expressly provided for under this License. Any other attempt to copy, modify, sublicense or distribute the Document is void, and will automatically terminate your rights under this License. However, parties who have received copies, or rights, from you under this License will not have their licenses terminated so long as such parties remain in full compliance.
10. FUTURE REVISIONS OF THIS LICENSE #
The Free Software Foundation may publish new, revised versions of the GNU Free Documentation License from time to time. Such new versions will be similar in spirit to the present version, but may differ in detail to address new problems or concerns. See http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/.
Each version of the License is given a distinguishing version number. If the Document specifies that a particular numbered version of this License "or any later version" applies to it, you have the option of following the terms and conditions either of that specified version or of any later version that has been published (not as a draft) by the Free Software Foundation. If the Document does not specify a version number of this License, you may choose any version ever published (not as a draft) by the Free Software Foundation.
ADDENDUM: How to use this License for your documents #
Copyright (c) YEAR YOUR NAME. Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts. A copy of the license is included in the section entitled “GNU Free Documentation License”.
If you have Invariant Sections, Front-Cover Texts and Back-Cover Texts, replace the “with...Texts.” line with this:
with the Invariant Sections being LIST THEIR TITLES, with the Front-Cover Texts being LIST, and with the Back-Cover Texts being LIST.
If you have Invariant Sections without Cover Texts, or some other combination of the three, merge those two alternatives to suit the situation.
If your document contains nontrivial examples of program code, we recommend releasing these examples in parallel under your choice of free software license, such as the GNU General Public License, to permit their use in free software.