Kernel Module Packages Manual

This version of the Kernel Module Packages Manual applies to:

Versions of this document for Code 9 and Code 10 are available as well and can be found at http://www.novell.com/developer/kernel_module_packages_manuals.html

This document's Appendix B highlights Code 10 to Code 11 changes and secure boot changes for SUSE Linux Enterprise Server and SUSE Linux Enterprise Desktop 11 SP3 and later versions.

The Linux kernel supports adding functionality at runtime through kernel-loadable modules. It includes more than 1500 modules, about 75 percent of which are hardware drivers. These modules are shipped as part of the kernel packages. In some cases it is desirable to add additional modules or replace existing ones. For example, a driver for a particular storage controller that was not available at the time of product release might be added later to support new hardware.

Kernel modules interact with the kernel by the means of exported symbols, in a way similar to how user space binaries use shared libraries. The /proc/kallsyms file lists all symbols currently known to the kernel. To ensure that the kernel and modules refer to the same symbols, a version checksum (modversion) is added to each symbol. The checksum is computed from the symbol's type: in the case of function symbols, the checksum is determined by the function's parameters and return type.

When any of a function's parameters or the return type changes, the checksum changes as well. This includes all the data types involved recursively:

If a function takes a struct task_struct as parameter and struct task_struct includes a field of type struct dentry, then a change to struct dentry will cause the symbol's version checksum to change as well. Symbol version checksums for different kernel flavors (for example kernel-default versus kernel-xen) will not match, and symbol versions of the same kernel package on different architectures (for example kernel-default on i386 versus x86_64) will not match either. This mechanism ensures that the kernel and kernel modules agree on the types of data structures that they use to communicate.

Unless symbol version checking is disabled, modules will load only if the checksums of the symbols they use match the checksums of the symbols that the kernel exports. The exported symbols and their version checksums comprise the kernel Application Binary Interface (kABI). When an updated kernel includes kABI changes, kernel modules that use any modified symbols must be updated as well.

During its multi-year lifecycle, products like SUSE Linux Enterprise Server undergo continuous changes. In addition, different kinds of updates like service packs (SPs), maintenance/security updates, and customer-specific updates (Program Temporary Fixes) are released. The Application Binary Interface (ABI) between the kernel and kernel modules is volatile. Some kernel updates will change the kernel ABI (kABI) by adding or removing exported symbols, or existing symbol checksums can change in a kernel update because of changes in data structures they reference. SUSE strives to keep the kernel ABI stable in maintenance and security and customer-specific updates, but sometimes changes cannot be avoided. In service packs, SUSE reserves the right to introduce more intrusive changes, which increases the likelihood of ABI changes. SUSE believes that the added flexibility outweighs the disadvantages of breaking older modules. For full discussion of this topic, see the documentation “SUSE SolidDriver Documentation: SUSE Kernel ABI Stability” at https://drivers.suse.com/doc/SolidDriver/SUSE_Kernel_ABI_Stability.html and “The Linux Kernel Driver Interface” from Greg Kroah-Hartman at http://www.kroah.com/log/linux/stable_api_nonsense.html (also provided as stable_api_nonsense.txt in the upstream kernel source tree).

SUSE-based operating systems include technology to ensure that kernel modules can be reused or updated in synchronization with kernel updates. To use this technology, kernel modules must be packaged into Kernel Module Packages (KMPs) as defined in this document.

All SUSE products based on kernels 2.6.x, 3.0.x, and 4.4.x contain a set of kernel packages that share the same version and release number; they are built from the same kernel sources. These packages are:

The binary kernel packages. Each architecture has its own set of kernel flavors (for example, kernel-pae, kernel-default, kernel-xen, etc.). These are the packages that the kernel modules will be used with.

The kernel source tree, generated by unpacking the vanilla kernel sources and applying all necessary patches. Although the kernel-FLAVOR packages technically are not built from the kernel-source package, they are built from the same source tree. This tree should be used for module building.

Kernel symbol version information for compiling external modules. The kernel-flavor-devel package is required for building external modules. If this package is not used, the resulting modules will be missing symbol version information, which will cause them to break during kernel updates. The kernel-source and kernel-devel packages used for compiling external modules must match each other exactly.

Starting with SUSE Linux Enterprise Server and SUSE Linux Enterprise Desktop 11 SP1, the kernel-syms package is a place-holder package which depends on the kernel-FLAVOR-devel packages for all kernel flavors.

For more information, refer to the document “Working With The SUSE 2.6.x and 3.x Kernel Sources” from Andreas Gruenbacher and Michal Marek. This document is provided as README.SUSE in the SUSE kernel-source package.

Documentation on general kernel module building can be found in abundance on the Internet. Two good lectures are:

SUSE-specific information is found in README.SUSE in the kernel-source package.

When built, kernel module binaries are installed below /lib/modules/VERSION-RELEASE-FLAVOR on the file system (example: /lib/modules/3.0.101-63-default for the kernel-default-3.0.101-63 package). Different kernels have different module directories, and will usually not see each others modules.

Update modules are modules intended to replace or augment the modules that are provided in the kernel packages. Update modules must be stored below the /lib/modules/VERSION-RELEASE-FLAVOR/updates/ directory. Modules in the updates/ directory have precedence over other modules with the same name. Never replace modules from the kernel package by overwriting files: this would lead to inconsistencies between the file system and the RPM database.

Note: Where to Store Modules

Modules intended to take precedence over in-kernel modules of the same name should be stored below /lib/modules/VERSION-RELEASE-FLAVOR/updates/. Other add-on modules can be stored below /lib/modules/VERSION-RELEASE-FLAVOR/extra/.

Modules usually remain compatible with a range of kernel-FLAVOR packages. To make such modules visible to other kernel-FLAVOR packages, symbolic links to compatible modules are put in /lib/modules/VERSION-RELEASE-FLAVOR/weak-updates/ directories. Modules in the weak-updates/ directory have lower priority than modules in the updates/ directory, but higher priority than all other modules in /lib/modules/VERSION-RELEASE-FLAVOR. If more than one compatible module is available for a kernel, the module with the highest kernel release is chosen. Kernel Module Packages must never install modules into weak-updates or directories.

Kernel modules must never be installed as individual files on a production system, but always as part of a Kernel Module Package.

SUSE has worked closely with the Linux Foundation Driver Backport Workgroup to establish a standard structure for building Kernel Module Packages for all RPM-based distributions. The information in this document includes the standards as appropriate.

Kernel Module Package spec files define a main package, and a sub-package for each kernel flavor supported. The kernel-flavor-specific sub-packages are defined with the %kernel_module_package rpm macro. The macro automatically determines for which kernel flavors to generate sub-packages. Several options are available to modify the macro's behavior, which are described below:

%kernel_module_package [-f filelist] [-p preamble] [-n name] [-v version] [-r release] [-t template] [-x flavor] [-b] [-c module-signing-certificate]

The main package of a Kernel Module Package can either contain no %files section, in which case rpm will not create a binary package with the main package's name, or the files section can also be used for the user-space part associated with the kernel modules that end up in the kernel specific sub-packages. The example Kernel Module Package in Appendix A has a main package without a %files section.

Kernel Module Packages must adhere to the following rules:

The %description tag will be applied to both the main package and the sub-packages.

The %kernel_module_package macro uses a default sub-package template that should work for most Kernel Module Packages. This template can be overridden using the macro's -t option. The default template takes care of the following:

By default, each kernel-specific sub-package will have the following list of files, which can separately be overridden with the -f option:

%defattr (-,root,root)
/lib/modules/%2-%1

Additional sub-package preamble lines such as Requires, Provides, and Obsoletes tags can be specified with the -p option. File name arguments specified in -f, -p and -t should be given as absolute path names (for example %_sourcedir/file) and should be listed as sources. The following substitutions are defined in those files:

Some Kernel Module Packages may make sense only for some of the kernel flavors a given architecture supports. A list of flavors to exclude from the build should be passed with the -x option to the %kernel_module_package macro.

Appendix A contains an example Kernel Module Package spec file and the source code referenced by it. When this spec file and its accompanying source is built into an x86_64 RPM as described in section Section 7, “Building Kernel Module Packages”, the BuildRequires tag in the spec file will pull the module-init-tools, kernel-source, kernel-syms and kernel-devel packages into the build root.

Note: Dependency

The %kernel_module_package_buildreqs macro does not need to explicitly list “kernel-source” since the kernel-syms package has a dependency on the kernel-source package.

Now assume that the required packages are available in SUSE Linux Enterprise Server 11 SP4 (kernel 3.0.101-63), and that the default, trace, and Xen kernel flavors are available on that platform. Assuming a release number of “0”, rpm would then create the following packages:

The generated packages would contain the following modules, and require and provide the following symbols:

Note: “k” Character

KMPs built for SUSE Linux Enterprise Server 12 releases will include the “k” character before the kernel version in the KMP version string. As an example, the suse-hello-kmp-default package built for SUSE Linux Enterprise Server 12 SP2 (kernel 4.4.21-69) would have the full file name suse-hello-kmp-default-k4.4.21_69-0.x86_64.rpm.

Kernels export symbols that kernel modules use. Symbols have version checksums attached, and the checksums of the exported kernel symbols must match the checksums of the kernel symbols that the kernel module package uses. In SUSE Linux Enterprise Server 11 releases, kernels do not provide each kernel symbol individually; instead they group symbols together into classes (called “symsets”) and provide checksums of these classes.

Note: Number of Classes

The number of classes is much smaller than the full number of symbols provided by the kernel.

Similarly, SUSE Linux Enterprise Server 11 Kernel Module Packages require checksums for classes rather than for individual symbols. In SUSE Linux Enterprise Server 12 releases, kernels provide checksums for each individual symbol. Therefore, SUSE Linux Enterprise Server 12 Kernel Module Packages require checksums for individual symbols.

When modules in Kernel Module Packages export additional symbols, such symbols are mapped to per-symbol Provides of those packages. Modules in other Kernel Module Packages can require those symbols; they would also do so on a per-symbol basis. As an example, assume that a Kernel Module Package provides an exported function as ksym(default:exported_function) = e52d5bcf. Any Kernel Module Package that uses this function would require this same symbol and checksum.

In addition to the C and kernel programming skills required for writing the kernel module source code, creating proper Kernel Module Packages requires some familiarity with rpm and with build environments. For more information on kernel module building refer to the above-mentioned “Linux Kernel Module Programming Guide” and the “Linux Device Drivers” book. Additional SUSE-specific kernel and kernel module information can be found in the README.SUSE in the kernel-source package. SUSE recommends using the example package found in Appendix A as a template to reduce the complexities related to rpm. A lot of additional information on rpm can be found at http://www.rpm.org/, including a reference to the excellent Maximum RPM.

SUSE strongly recommends using the kernel build infrastructure (kbuild) for building and installing the kernel modules, as done in the example package. Kbuild is documented in /usr/src/linux/Documentation/kbuild/ from the kernel-source package. Trying to emulate kbuild will lead to various problems including mis-compilations and missing or wrong symbol versions, and increased support load because of subtle breakages.

To achieve consistent and reproducible builds in a defined environment independent of the software installed on the system used for building, use the build script from the build.rpm package. This script sets up a build environment from the RPM packages the script is pointed at. The packages are then built in this environment using chroot (see the chroot(1) manual page). All SUSE packages are built using the same mechanism. When building Kernel Module Packages with build.rpm, the following options of the build script are particularly relevant:

Define the directory in which to set up the build environment. Defaults to the BUILD_ROOT environment variable, and to /var/tmp/build-root if unset.

Define where build will look for packages for constructing the build environment. The directories are searched recursively. Packages found earlier in the path have precedence over packages found later, similar to how the PATH environment variable works. Defaults to the BUILD_RPMS environment variable, and to /media/dvd/suse if unset. The --rpms option must only be specified once.

Reconstruct the build environment entirely from scratch (--clean), or start the build without initializing the build environment (--no-init), which skips checking whether all packages in the build environment are up-to-date.

Build stores the created packages below usr/src/packages/ in the build environment.

On dual-architecture machines, packages for the other supported architecture can be built by running the build script inside an architecture selector. On x86_64, the selector is called linux32, on ppc64 this is ppc32, and on s390x the selector is called s390. The same build environment cannot be reused for different architectures unless it is reinitialized with build's --clean option.

See the build(1) manual page for further information.

Note: Building External Modules

For building external modules, you need to have both the kernel-source and kernel-<flavor>-devel packages installed in the build environment. The BuildRequires line in spec files takes care of this: the %kernel_module_package_buildreqs macro specifies the kernel-syms package, which pulls in the kernel-source package and the kernel-<flavor>-devel packages because of its dependency on them. Note that without the kernel-syms the module build can still succeed depending on how you do the build, but the resulting modules will have module symbol versions disabled. Kernel Module Packages without module symbol versions will appear to match any kernel although in fact they do not. This can easily lead to very hard-to-diagnose system malfunctions.

Signing (as applied to a piece of software) is the process of digitally tagging the software to verify the author and guarantee that the software has not been altered since it was signed. SUSE Linux Enterprise Server and SUSE Linux Enterprise Desktop include utilities to sign and validate signatures on packages and repositories. In addition, SUSE Linux Enterprise Server and SUSE Linux Enterprise Desktop 11 SP3 and later versions include technology to sign and validate signatures on kernel modules.

The following sections describe how to sign packages and kernel modules. The topic of repository signing is beyond the scope of this document.

$ rpm --eval “%define _signature gpg” \
      --eval “%define _gpg_name build@suse.com” \
      --addsign package.rpm

$ gpg --armor --export build >build-pubkey.txt

$ rpm --import build-pubkey.txt

$ rpm --checksig package.rpm
package.rpm: (sha1) dsa sha1 md5 gpg OK

8.2 Signing Module Object Files (UEFI Secure Boot) #

  

Although using signed packages and other OS security features can secure an installed and running system, they cannot prevent system subversion before the OS has booted. To address pre-OS security concerns, the UEFI 2.2 Secure Boot specification (see http://www.uefi.org/specs) details a protocol to prevent the loading of boot loaders or kernels (including modules) that are not signed with an approved digital key stored in the system firmware.

The UEFI Secure Boot specification allows for variation in implementation. A simple way to implement secure boot is to ensure that the base system (as provided by the system vendor) contains all the keys that will be used by the boot loader, the OS, and any drivers. But having the system vendor simply place all needed keys into the firmware is not a full solution, as it does not give appropriate control to the system user/owner. SUSE's secure boot implementation addresses this control issue by extending the secure-boot-enabled EFI shim loader to accept keys that have been approved by the system owner. Thus, if there is a need to load a module with an unrecognized key, the key can be added to the “approved key” database (reboot and system-owner approval required).

Note: Module Without Signature

If a module has no signature, it cannot be loaded on a secure-boot-enabled system. Users who wish to load unsigned modules on SUSE Linux Enterprise Server/SUSE Linux Enterprise Desktop 11 SP3 or later versions must disable secure boot.

8.2.1 Creating a Key and Certificate #

  

There are several ways to sign modules, but all methods require providing a key and certificate. Official keys and certificates can be provided by an organization's security team or by build services (such as the Open Build Service or the SolidDriver/PLDP Build Service). Developers and packagers can also generate their own keys and certificates for testing purposes. To create a key and certificate using the openssl req command, type the following:

export USER="your company name"
openssl req -new -x509 -newkey rsa:2048 -sha256 -keyout key.asc -out cert.der \
            -outform der -nodes -days 4745 -subj "/CN=$USER/"

The above sequence of commands will create a key.asc key file and a cert.der x509 certificate in the current working directory. The 4745 option generates a certificate which will be valid for 13 years.

8.2.2 Signing an Existing KMP #

  

The pesign-obs-integration package in SUSE Linux Enterprise Server 11 SP3 and later versions provides a modsign-repackage utility that can be used to sign kernel modules in an existing KMP. modsign-repackage unpacks the original RPM, signs any included modules and re-creates the RPM. It also creates a second <name>-ueficert RPM that installs the certificate and calls the mokutil utility to enroll the public key. The re-packaged RPM will have a dependency on the <name>-ueficert RPM, ensuring that the certificates will be installed at the same time as the module(s).

To use modsign-repackage with the key.asc key and the cert.der certificate created above to repackage a ./suse-hello-kmp-default-1.0_3.0.101_63-0.x86_64.rpm package, do the following:

modsign-repackage -c ./cert.der -k ./key.asc ./suse-hello-kmp-default-1.0-3.0.101_63-0.x86_64.rpm

The above command will create the following directories and files in the current working directory:

    ./RPMS/
      x86_64/
          suse-hello-kmp-default-1.0-3.0.101_63-0.x86_64.rpm
          suse-hello-ueficert-1.0-0.x86_64.rpm

8.2.3 Signing Modules During Packaging #

  

Signing modules as part of the packaging process requires making a few changes to the KMP spec file template. The spec file template in Appendix A includes these changes along with conditionals to ensure that the changes will apply only when building KMPs for SUSE Linux Enterprise Server or SUSE Linux Enterprise Desktop 11 SP3 or later versions. The changes are:

1. List the certificate file as a %Source file. The top-level directory of the build structure (where the spec file is located) should include both a private key file and a certificate file. The spec file should list the certificate as a %Source file. The spec file should not list the key file (since the private key should not be included in the source KMP).

   

   Note: Naming

   To be recognized by the kernel Makefile, the key file must be named “signing_key.priv” and the certificate file must be named “signing_key.x509”. The example above describes how to use the openssl req command to create a key.asc key file and a cert.der certificate file; to use these files at packaging-time, they should be renamed to “signing_key.priv” and “signing_key.x509”.

2. Add code to determine the build target's service pack level. This is done by adding the sles-release (or sled-release) package to %BuildRequires and then defining a %sle_version macro based on the contents of the /etc/SuSE-release file.

3. For SUSE Linux Enterprise Server 11 SP3 and later versions, invoke the %kernel_module_package macro with the -c %_sourcedir/signing_key.x509 option to specify the certificate (and thus the key) to use in signing. Using the kernel_module_package -c option does not cause any module signing; it simply ensures the creation of a <name>-ueficert package which installs the certificate and calls the mokutil utility to enroll the public key. The actual module signing is handled in the %install section of the spec file.

4. For SUSE Linux Enterprise Server 11 SP3 and later versions, add %install section code to ensure that the modules will get signed. This is done by setting the CONFIG_MODULE_SIG_ALL kernel configuration parameter. When CONFIG_MODULE_SIG_ALL is set, the make modules_install step automatically includes module signing.

Note: Own Keys and Certificates

The Appendix A sample spec file is designed to be used by developers and packagers who provide their own keys and certificates. Partners who use the Open Build Service will not need to provide keys and certificates and thus should use the spec file in Appendix A.1.

8.2.4 Installation of Secure-boot-enabled KMPs #

  

As discussed above, secure-boot-enabled KMPs include an additional <name>-ueficert package to install the certificate and enroll the public key. The <name>-kmp-<flavor> packages require the <name>-ueficert package.

After the <name>-ueficert package is installed, the system must be rebooted and the newly-enrolled key approved by the system owner before the key (and thus the signed modules) can be used.

The mokutil utility can also be used on its own to view and manage keys in the key database.

Kernel Module Packages can be distributed on Driver Update Disks, as add-on products, in full Bootable Driver Kits/Installation Kits, or simply as stand-alone RPMs.

If a Kernel Module Package's driver is required to boot an installation kernel, the Kernel Module Package should be provided on a Driver Update Disk (DUD) or in a Bootable Driver Kit/Installation Kit. Otherwise, it is recommended to provide Kernel Module Packages as add-on products complete with URL(s) for functioning update sites.

Initial system installation is carried out by YaST from some installation media (CDs or DVDs, network locations, etc.). As noted above, support for additional hardware that the installation media do not provide can be added with Driver Update Disks or Bootable Driver Kits/Installation Kits. This is most important to enable hardware needed for booting, such as storage controllers.

Update media such as Driver Update Disks and Bootable Driver Kits/Installation Kits provide two kinds of modules: those which the kernel that runs the installation uses, and those which are installed onto the final target system. Both types of modules are provided by including Kernel Module Packages on the update media. In addition, update media can contain scripts which are run at specific times during the installation. The “Update Media HOWTO” at ftp://ftp.suse.com/pub/people/hvogel/Update-Media-HOWTO describes in more detail what a Driver Update Disk must contain to work.

After the initial YaST installation, additional driver packages can be installed using any of the mechanisms for installing RPM packages (YaST Add-on Products, YaST Software Management, YaST Online Update, the rpm command, etc.). The add-on product format supports the ability to register the system for an update site.

Note: initrd

Any drivers required for getting to and accessing the root file system must be part of the initial RAM disk (initrd). YaST will automatically include necessary kernel modules in the initrd created during installation. But when Kernel Module Packages are installed by hand or updated, it can be necessary to explicitly rebuild the initrd to include the new modules. A Kernel Module Package will automatically rebuild the initrd in its %postinstall script if the module being installed is already part of the existing initrd or if the -b option to the %kernel_module_package macro is used.

The -b option simply forces an initrd rebuild using the existing initrd configuration: If the existing initrd configuration (for example, the /etc/sysconfig/kernel INITRD_MODULES variable) does not include the module being installed, then simply using the -b option will not include the new module in the new initrd. In such cases, the Kernel Module Package also needs to make appropriate initrd configuration changes (such as updating INITRD_MODULES) to include the new module.

After all software repositories that should be checked for updates have been added, the package manager will automatically detect when new kernel packages and new Kernel Module Packages become available. The dependencies between those packages will ensure that the installed kernel packages match the installed Kernel Module Packages.

The following sample is described in the section Section 5, “Kernel Module Packages”. The spec file includes conditional code that will build secure-boot-enabled packages for SUSE Linux Enterprise Server 11 SP3 and later versions and non-secure-boot-enabled packages for SUSE Linux Enterprise Server 11 – SUSE Linux Enterprise Server 11 SP2. The conditional code is shown in bold and can be removed if there is no need to build secure-boot-enabled packages.

When using the sample to build secure-boot-enabled packages, the build structure must also include signing_key.priv and signing_key.x509 files as described in the Section 8.2.3, “Signing Modules During Packaging” section above. The signing_key.* files must be located in the same directory as the spec file.

suse-hello.spec

# norootforbuild

Name:                   suse-hello
BuildRequires:  %kernel_module_package_buildreqs
# Required to support secure-boot:  Include sles-release in order to determine
# service-pack version
BuildRequires:  sles-release
License:                GPL
Group:          System/Kernel
Summary:                Sample Kernel Module Package
Version:                1.0
Release:                0
Source0:                %{name}-%{version}.tar.bz2
# Required to support secure-boot:  Include certificate named “signing_key.x509”
# Build structure should also include a private key named “signing_key.priv”
# Private key should not be listed as a source file
Source1:                signing_key.x509
BuildRoot:              %{_tmppath}/%{name}-%{version}-build

# Required to support secure-boot:  Determine service-pack level
%define sle_version %(tr '\\n' ' ' < /etc/SuSE-release | sed -rn 's/^SUSE Linux
Enterprise ([A-z]+) ([0-9]+).*PATCHLEVEL = ([0-9]+).*$/\\2\\3/p')

# Required to support secure-boot:  The -c option tells the macro to generate a
# suse-hello-ueficert subpackage that enrolls the certificate
%if 0%{?sle_version} > 112
%kernel_module_package -c %_sourcedir/signing_key.x509
%else
%kernel_module_package
%endif

%description
This package contains the hello.ko module.

%prep
%setup
# Required to support secure-boot:  Copy the signing key to the build area
%if 0%{?sle_version} > 112
cp %_sourcedir/signing_key.* .
%endif
set -- *

mkdir source
mv "$@" source/
mkdir obj

%build
for flavor in %flavors_to_build; do
rm -rf obj/$flavor
cp -r source obj/$flavor
make -C %{kernel_source $flavor} modules M=$PWD/obj/$flavor
done

%install
export INSTALL_MOD_PATH=$RPM_BUILD_ROOT
export INSTALL_MOD_DIR=updates
for flavor in %flavors_to_build; do
     # Required to support secure-boot:  By default, kernel modules are not
      # signed by make. The CONFIG_MODULE_SIG_ALL=y setting overrides this for
      # flavors with module signing enabled.
      unset CONFIG_MODULE_SIG_ALL
      if grep '^CONFIG_MODULE_SIG=y' %{kernel_source $flavor}/.config; then
         export CONFIG_MODULE_SIG_ALL=y
      fi 
      make -C %{kernel_source $flavor} modules_install M=$PWD/obj/$flavor
done

%changelog
* Fri Apr 27 2017 – andavis@suse.com
- Typo fixes; remove excluded flavors from kernel_module_package macro line
* Wed Apr 24 2013 - mmarek@suse.cz
- Sign the module by a supplied keypair.
* Tue Dec 22 2008 - andavis@suse.com
- Updated to reflect CODE 11 changes and LF standard spec file work.
* Sat Jan 28 2006 - agruen@suse.de
- Initial package.

The following two files should be compressed to form the suse-hello-1.0.tar.bz2 TAR archive referenced as Source0 in the suse-hello.spec file above.

suse-hello-1.0/Kbuild

obj-m           := hello.o
hello-y += main.o

suse-hello-1.0/main.c

/*
 * main.c - A demo kernel module.
 *
 * Copyright (C) 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006
 * Andreas Gruenbacher <agruen@suse.de>, SUSE Labs
 *
 * This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
 * modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as
 * published by the Free Software Foundation.
 *
 * A copy of the GNU General Public License can be obtained from
 * http://www.gnu.org/.
 */

#include <linux/module.h>
#include <linux/init.h>

MODULE_AUTHOR("Andreas Gruenbacher <agruen@suse.de>");
MODULE_DESCRIPTION("Hello world module");
MODULE_LICENSE("GPL");

int param;

module_param(param, int, 0);
MODULE_PARM_DESC(param, "Example parameter");

void exported_function(void)
{
        printk(KERN_INFO "Exported function called.\n");
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(exported_function);

int __init init_hello(void)
{
        printk(KERN_INFO "Hello world.\n");
        return 0;
}

void __exit exit_hello(void)
{
        printk(KERN_INFO "Goodbye world.\n");
}

module_init(init_hello);
module_exit(exit_hello);

Packagers who use the Open Build Service (see https://build.opensuse.org/) to create KMPs can take advantage of the fact that this build service provides keys and certificates for package and module signing. The following spec file can be used in the Open Build Service to build secure-boot-enabled KMPs for SUSE Linux Enterprise Server and SUSE Linux Enterprise Desktop 11 SP3 and later versions. It can also be used to build non-secure-boot-enabled KMPs for all versions from SUSE Linux Enterprise Server and SUSE Linux Enterprise Desktop 11 up to SUSE Linux Enterprise Server and SUSE Linux Enterprise Desktop 11 SP2. The secure-boot conditional code is emphasized in bold.

A sample package similar to this one is available in the Open Build Service at https://build.opensuse.org/package/show/home:andavis:PLDP/suse-hello-1.0

suse-hello.spec

# The following line tells the buildservice to save the project certificate as
# %_sourcedir/_projectcert.crt

# needssslcertforbuild

Name:                   suse-hello
BuildRequires:  %kernel_module_package_buildreqs
# Required to support secure-boot:  Include sles-release in order to determine
# service-pack version
BuildRequires:  sles-release
License:                GPL
Group:              System/Kernel
Summary:                Sample Kernel Module Package
Version:                1.0
Release:                0
Source0:                %{name}-%{version}.tar.bz2
BuildRoot:              %{_tmppath}/%{name}-%{version}-build

# Required to support secure-boot:  Determine service-pack level
%define sle_version %(tr '\\n' ' ' < /etc/SuSE-release | sed -rn 's/^SUSE Linux
Enterprise ([A-z]+) ([0-9]+).*PATCHLEVEL = ([0-9]+).*$/\\2\\3/p')

# Required to support secure-boot:  The -c option tells the macro to generate a
# suse-hello-ueficert supackage that enrolls the certificate
# The _projectcert.crt certificate is provided by the build service
%if 0%{?sle_version} > 112
%kernel_module_package -c %_sourcedir/_projectcert.crt
%else
%kernel_module_package
%endif

%description
This package contains the hello.ko module.

%prep
%setup
set -- *
mkdir source
mv "$@" source/
mkdir obj

%build
for flavor in %flavors_to_build; do
      rm -rf obj/$flavor
      cp -r source obj/$flavor
      make -C %{kernel_source $flavor} modules M=$PWD/obj/$flavor
done

%install
export INSTALL_MOD_PATH=$RPM_BUILD_ROOT
export INSTALL_MOD_DIR=updates
for flavor in %flavors_to_build; do
      make -C %{kernel_source $flavor} modules_install M=$PWD/obj/$flavor
done

# The BRP_PESIGN_FILES variable must be set to a space separated list of
# directories or patterns matching files that need to be signed.  E.g., packages
# that include firmware files would set BRP_PESIGN_FILES='*.ko /lib/firmware'
export BRP_PESIGN_FILES='*.ko'

%changelog
* Fri Apr 27 2017 – andavis@suse.com
- Typo fixes; remove excluded flavors from kernel_module_package macro line.
* Wed Apr 24 2013 - mmarek@suse.cz
- Sign the module by a supplied keypair.
* Tue Dec 22 2008 - andavis@suse.com
- Updated to reflect CODE 11 changes and LF standard spec file work.
* Sat Jan 28 2006 - agruen@suse.de
- Initial package.

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