In general, all users must authenticate—unless Auto Login is enabled for a specific user. In this case, a particular user will be logged in automatically when the system starts. This can save some time, especially if a computer is used by a single person. It may impact account security. Auto Login can be enabled or disabled during installation or at any time using the YaST User and Group Management module. For more information, refer to Book “Deployment Guide”, Chapter 17 “Managing Users with YaST”.

If your computer is running in a network environment and you are not the only person using the machine, you are usually prompted to enter your user name and password when you start the system.

Figure 1.1: GNOME Login Screen #

  

The GNOME desktop appears after you first log in. It displays a panel at the bottom showing the following elements (from left to right):

Figure 1.3: GNOME Desktop—SLE Classic #

  

When you have finished using the computer, there are multiple ways to finish the session. Which one is right in a given situation depends on how long you will be away and whether you are worried about energy consumption, among other things.

You can open GNOME Files in multiple ways:

Figure 2.1: File Manager #

  

The elements of the GNOME Files window include the following:

To access CDs/DVDs or flash disks, insert or attach the medium. An icon for the medium is automatically created on the desktop. For many types of removable media, a GNOME Files window pops up automatically. If GNOME Files does not open, double-click the icon for that drive on the desktop to view the contents. In GNOME Files, you will see an item for the medium in the sidebar.

Warning: Unmount to Prevent Data Loss

Do not physically remove flash disks immediately after using them. Even when the system does not indicate that data is being written, the drive may not be finished with a previous operation.

In the sidebar of GNOME Files, click the Eject icon next to the medium to safely remove or unmount the drive.

There are multiple ways to search for files or directories. In all cases, the search will be performed on file and directory names. Searching by file size, modification date and other properties is only partially possible in the preinstalled graphical tools. Such searches are easier to do on the command line.

Copy and paste works the same as in other operating systems. First select the text, so that it appears highlighted, usually in blue. Then press Ctrl–C. Now move the keyboard focus to the right position. Finally, to insert the text, press Ctrl–V.

To copy or paste in the terminal, additionally press Shift together with the above key combinations.

An alternative way of using copy and paste is described in the following. First select the text. To paste the text, middle-click over the position where you want the text to be pasted. As soon as you make another selection, the text from the original selection will be replaced in the clipboard.

When copying information between programs, you must keep the source program open and paste the text before closing it. When a program closes, any content from that application that is on the clipboard is lost.

To surf the Web or send and receive e-mail messages, you must have configured an Internet connection. If you have installed SUSE Linux Enterprise Server on a laptop or a mobile device, NetworkManager is enabled by default. On the GNOME desktop, you can then establish Internet connections with NetworkManager as described in Book “Administration Guide”, Chapter 38 “Using NetworkManager”, Section 38.3 “Configuring Network Connections”.

Depending on your environment, you can choose in YaST which basic service to use for setting up network connections (either NetworkManager or wicked). For details, see Book “Administration Guide”, Chapter 17 “Basic Networking”, Section 17.4.1.1 “Configuring Global Networking Options”.

The GNOME desktop includes Firefox, a Mozilla*-based Web browser. You can start it by clicking Applications › Internet › Firefox.

You can type an address into the location bar at the top or click links in a page to move to different pages, like in any other Web browser.

For more information, see Chapter 14, Firefox: Browsing the Web.

For reading and managing your mail and events, use Evolution. Evolution is a groupware program that makes it easy to store, organize and retrieve your personal information.

Evolution seamlessly combines e-mail, a calendar, an address book, and a memo and task list in one easy-to-use application. With its extensive support for communications and data interchange standards, Evolution can work with existing corporate networks and applications, including Microsoft* Exchange.

To start Evolution, click Applications › Internet › Evolution.

The first time you start Evolution, it prompts you with a few questions to set up a mail account and import mail from an old mail client. Then it shows you how many new messages you have and lists upcoming appointments and tasks. The calendar, address book and mail tools are available in the shortcut bar on the left.

For more information, see Chapter 15, Evolution: E-Mailing and Calendaring.

For creating and editing documents, LibreOffice is installed with the GNOME desktop. LibreOffice is a complete set of office tools that can both read and save Microsoft Office file formats. LibreOffice has a word processor, a spreadsheet, a database, a drawing tool and a presentation program.

To start LibreOffice, click Applications › Office › LibreOffice.

To see the state of the computer battery on your laptop, check the battery icon in the right part of the panel. On certain events, such as a critically low battery state, GNOME will display notifications informing you about the event.

You can open the power settings via Applications › System Tools › Settings › Power.

For more information, see Section 3.3.2, “Configuring Power Settings”.

You can use the Archive Manager application (also known as File Roller) to create, view, modify or unpack an archive. An archive is a file that acts as a container for other files. An archive can contain many files, directories and subdirectories, usually in compressed form. Archive Manager supports common formats such as zip, tar.gz, tar.bz2, lzh, and rar. You can use Archive Manager to create, open and extract a compressed non-archive file.

To start Archive Manager, click Applications › Utilities › Archive Manager.

If you already have a compressed file, double-click the file name in GNOME Files to view the contents of the archive in Archive Manager.

Figure 2.2: Archive Manager #

  

You can take a snapshot of your screen or of an individual application window by using the Take Screenshots utility. Start it by pressing Print to take a screenshot of the entire desktop or by pressing Alt–Print to take a screenshot of the currently active window or dialog.

The screenshots are automatically saved to your ~/Pictures directory.

You can also use GIMP to take screenshots. (For more information on GIMP, see Chapter 18, GIMP: Manipulating Graphics). In GIMP, click File › Create › Screenshot, select an area, choose a delay and then click Snap.

Documents that need to be shared or printed across platforms can be saved as PDF (Portable Document Format) files. Document Viewer (also known as Evince) can open PDF files and many similar file types, such as XPS, DjVu, or TIFF.

Note: Rare Display Issues

In rare cases, documents will not be displayed correctly in Document Viewer. This can happen, for example, with certain forms, animations or 3D images. In such cases, ask the authors of the file what viewer they recommend. However, in some cases the recommended viewer will not work on Linux.

Figure 2.3: Document Viewer #

  

To open Document Viewer, double-click a PDF file in a file manager window. Document Viewer will also open when you download a PDF file from a Web site. To open Document Viewer without a file, select Applications › Office › Document Viewer.

To view a PDF file in Document Viewer, click the cog wheel icon to open the menu and select Open. Now locate the desired PDF file and click Open.

Use the navigation icons at the top of the window or the thumbnails in the left panel to navigate through the document. If your PDF document provides bookmarks, you can access them in the left panel of the viewer.

When you connect to the Internet, the updater applet automatically checks whether software updates for your system are available. When important updates are available, you will receive a notification on your desktop.

For detailed information on how to install software updates with the updater applet and how to configure it, refer to the chapter about installing and removing software in Book “Deployment Guide”, Chapter 14 “Installing or Removing Software”, Section 14.5 “Keeping the System Up-to-date”.

Along with the applications described in this chapter for getting started, you can use many other applications on GNOME. Find detailed information about these applications in the other parts of this manual.

To learn more about GNOME and GNOME applications, see http://www.gnome.org.

To report bugs or add feature requests, go to http://bugzilla.gnome.org.

Whereas YaST is a desktop-independent system-wide tool to configure most aspects of your product installation, the settings dialog is a GNOME configuration tool. It focuses on look and feel, personal settings and preferences of your GNOME desktop.

To access the GNOME settings dialog, click Applications › System Tools › Settings. The dialog is divided into the following three categories:

Figure 3.1: GNOME Settings Dialog #

  

To change some system-wide settings, the control center will prompt you for the root password and start YaST. This is mostly the case for administrator settings (including most of the hardware, the graphical user interface, Internet access, security settings, user administration, software installation and system updates and information). Follow the instructions in YaST to configure these settings. For information about using YaST, refer to the integrated YaST help texts or to the Book “Deployment Guide”.

This chapter focuses on individual settings you can change directly in the GNOME settings dialog, without having to use YaST.

The following sections introduce examples of how to configure some personal aspects of your GNOME desktop, like your languages used or desktop backgrounds.

3.2.2 Configuring Language Settings #

  

SUSE Linux Enterprise Server can be configured to use any of several languages. The language setting determines the language of dialogs and menus and can also determine the keyboard and clock layout.

To configure your language settings click Applications › System Tools › Settings › Region and Language.

Here you can choose:

• Interface language.

• Date and number formats, currency and related options.

• Input sources (keyboard layout). For non-alphabetic languages there can be additional settings.

Note: Settings Made Using ibus-setup Do Not Take Effect

On GNOME, settings made using ibus-setup do not take effect. ibus-setup can only be used to configure IceWM. Instead, always use the Settings application:

• To change input methods, use the panel Region & Language.

• To change the key combination that switches between input methods, use the panel Keyboard. In it, choose the category Typing and the entry Switch to next input source.

In the following sections you will find examples of how to configure some hardware aspects of your GNOME desktop, including keyboard or mouse preferences, handling of removable drives (and other media) or screen resolution.

3.3.3 Modifying Keyboard Shortcuts #

  

To modify keyboard shortcuts click Applications › System Tools › Settings › Keyboard.

Figure 3.2: Keyboard Dialog #

  

The Keyboard dialog shows the keyboard shortcuts that are configured for your system. Click the categories on the right to view the current shortcuts.

To edit a key combination, first click the row. To set a new key combination, press the keys. To disable a shortcut, press <— instead.

To configure keyboard accessibility options, refer to Section 4.4, “Mobility Impairments”. To configure your keyboard layout, refer to Section 3.2.2, “Configuring Language Settings”.

3.3.4 Configuring the Mouse and Touchpad #

  

To modify mouse and touchpad options, click Applications › System Tools › Settings › Mouse and Touchpad.

Figure 3.3: Mouse and Touchpad Settings Dialog #

  

• In the General section of the dialog, you can set the Primary button orientation (left or right).

• In the Mouse section of the dialog, use Mouse Speed to adjust the sensitivity of the mouse pointer.

• In the Touchpad section of the dialog, you can turn the touchpad on and off. Use Touchpad Speed to adjust the sensitivity of the touchpad pointer. You can also disable the touchpad while typing and enable clicks by tapping the touchpad.

• To test your settings, click Test Your Settings and try the pointing device.

For configuration of mouse accessibility options, refer to the Section 4.4, “Mobility Impairments”.

3.3.6 Configuring Screens #

  

To specify resolution and orientation for your screen or to configure multiple screens, click Applications › System Tools › Settings › Displays.

Procedure 3.1: Changing the Settings for a Monitor #

  

1. To find the right monitor, look for the numbers displayed in the upper left corner of all monitors after you have opened the Display dialog. To set options for a monitor, click the list item of the monitor. A new dialog appears.

2. If multiple monitors are attached to the computer, the left part of the dialog will allow you to choose how to use the monitor. You can choose between:

   Primary

   The screen that shows the panel and important messages.

   Secondary Display

   A monitor that expands the desktop of the primary monitor.

   Mirror

   A monitor that mirrors the image on the primary monitor. In terms of resolution, the lowest common denominator will be used.

   Turn Off

   A screen that is not used.

   To rotate the displayed image, use the buttons with the arrows pointing left and right. To mirror the displayed image, use the button with the double arrow icon.

   You can set a different resolution by changing the value next to Resolution. Not all resolutions provide a sharp and unstretched image. To find the best resolution for your monitor, refer to its manual.

3. When you are done, click Apply.

   The monitors will now readjust. This can take multiple seconds during which the screen can be black or distorted.

   Afterward, a confirmation dialog will appear.

4. If the configuration looks correct, click Keep Changes.

   If the configuration is not what you hoped for, click Revert Settings or wait for 20 seconds. The changes will then be reverted.

Figure 3.4: Monitor Resolution Settings Dialog #

  

Procedure 3.2: Changing the Arrangement of Multiple Monitors #

  

If you are using multiple screens, set up how they are arranged, so you can use the mouse pointer properly across monitors.

1. Click Arrange Combined Displays.

2. To find the right monitor, look for the numbers displayed in the upper left corner of all monitors. Click and drag the monitor image around to move it.

3. When you are done, click Apply.

4. If the configuration looks correct, click Keep Changes.

   If the configuration is not what you hoped for, click Revert Settings or wait for 20 seconds. The changes will then be reverted.

3.3.7 Configuring Sound Settings #

  

The Sound tool lets you manage sound devices and set the sound effects. In the top part of the dialog, you can select the general output volume or turn the sound off completely.

To open the sound settings, click Applications › System Tools › Settings › Sound.

Figure 3.5: Configuring Sound Settings #

  

3.3.7.1 Configuring Sound Devices #

  

Use the Output tab to select the device for sound output. Below the list, choose the sound device setting you prefer, for example balance.

Use the Input tab to set the input device volume or to mute the input temporarily. If you have more than one sound device, you can also select a default device for audio input in the Choose a device for sound input list.

3.3.7.2 Configuring Sound Effects #

  

Use the Sound Effects tab to configure whether and how you want sound to be played when message boxes appear.

Specify the volume at which the sound effects will be played under Alert volume. You can also turn the effects on and off.

Select the Alert Sound to use.

In the following sections, you will find examples of how to configure some system aspects of your GNOME desktop. These include preferred applications, changing your user password, and session sharing preferences.

To learn more about configuring assistive technologies, see Chapter 4, Assistive Technologies.

3.4.3 Setting Session Sharing Preferences #

  

To open a configuration dialog for sharing a GNOME desktop session between multiple users and set session-sharing preferences, click Applications › System Tools › Settings › Sharing.

Important: Sharing Desktop Sessions Affects System Security

Sharing desktop sessions can be a security risk. Use the restriction options available.

Before you can share anything, you need to turn on the switch in the upper part of the dialog. The switch also helps you if you quickly need to disable all sharing options.

• To share your public directory over the network, click Personal File Sharing and turn on Share Public Folder On This Network. You can also set a password.

• To share your desktop session with other users, click Screen Sharing and activate Allow Remote Control. To allow other users to control your screen, activate also Remote Control. You can also set a password.

• To enable logging in via SSH, click Remote Login.

All the sharing screens contain an address which you can give to other users, so they can reach you. To copy a sharing address, click it and select Copy. You can then paste it into an e-mail or messaging software.

To configure accessibility features, open the GNOME Settings dialog (for example using Applications › System Tools › Settings) and click Universal Access. Each assistive feature can be enabled separately using this dialog.

If you need a more direct access to individual assistive features, turn on Always Show Universal Access Menu in the Universal Access dialog. A new menu will appear on the bottom panel.

In the Seeing section of the Universal Access dialog, you can enable features that help people with impaired vision.

In the Hearing section of the Universal Access dialog, you can enable features helping people with impaired hearing.

If the Visual Alerts are turned on, a window title or the entire screen is flashed when an alert sound occurs.

In the Typing and Pointing and Clicking sections of the Universal Access dialog, you can enable features that help people with mobility impairments.

You can find further information in the GNOME help, which is also available online at https://help.gnome.org/users/gnome-help/3.20/a11y.html.en.

You can connect to a network with wired and wireless connections. To view your network connection, check the network icon in the right part of the main panel. If you click the icon, you can see more details in the menu. Click the connection name to see more details and access the settings.

To learn more about connecting to a network, see Book “Administration Guide”, Chapter 38 “Using NetworkManager”.

Important: Contact Your Administrator Before Setup

Whether and to what extent you can use file sharing and network browsing and in your network highly depends on the network structure and on the configuration of your machine.

Before setting up either of them, contact your system administrator. Check whether your network structure supports a feature and whether your company's security policies permit it.

Network browsing, be it SMB browsing for Windows shares or SLP browsing for remote services, relies heavily on the machine's ability to send broadcast messages to all clients in the network. These messages and the clients' replies to them enable your machine to detect any available shares or services.

For broadcasts to work effectively, your machine must be part of the same subnet as all other machines it is querying. If network browsing does not work on your machine or the detected shares and services do not meet your expectations, contact your system administrator to ensure that you are connected to the appropriate subnet.

To allow network browsing, your machine needs to keep several network ports open to send and receive network messages that provide details on the network and the availability of shares and services. The standard SUSE Linux Enterprise Server is configured for tight security and has a firewall that protects your machine against the Internet.

To adjust the firewall configuration, you either need to ask your system administrator to put your interface into the internal zone or to tear down the firewall entirely (depending on your company's security policy). If you try to browse a network while a restrictive firewall is running on your machine, GNOME Files warns you that your security restrictions are not allowing it to query the network.

Networking workstations can be set up to share directories. Typically, files and directories are marked to allow users remote access. These are called network shares. If your system is configured to access network shares, you can use your file manager to access these shares and browse them just as easily as if they were located on your local machine. Your level of access to the shared directories (whether read-only or write access, as well) is dependent on the permissions granted to you by the owner of the shares.

To access network shares, open GNOME Files and click Other Locations in the sidebar. GNOME Files displays the servers and networks that you can access. Double-click a server or network to access its shares. You might be required to authenticate to the server by providing a user name and password. Common network shares are SFTP-accessible resources (SSH File Transfer Protocol) or Windows shares.

Figure 5.1: Network File Browser #

  

Sharing and exchanging documents is a must-have in corporate environments. GNOME Files offers you file sharing, which makes your files and directories available to both Linux and Windows users.

5.4.2 Enabling Sharing for a Directory #

  

To configure file sharing for a directory:

1. Open GNOME Files.

2. Right-click a directory, select Properties and click Share.

   

3. Select Share this folder.

4. If you want other people to be able to write to the directory, select Allow others to create and delete files in this folder. To allow access for people without a user account check Guest Access.

5. Click Create Share.

6. If the directory does not already have the permissions that are required for sharing, a dialog appears. Click Add the permissions automatically.

The directory icon changes to indicate that the directory is now shared.

Important: Samba Domain Browsing and Firewalls

Samba domain browsing only works if your system's firewall is configured accordingly. Either disable the firewall entirely or assign the browsing interface to the internal firewall zone. Ask your system administrator how to proceed.

With your SUSE Linux Enterprise Server machine being an Active Directory client, you can browse, view and manipulate data located on Windows servers. The following examples are the most prominent ones:

To access your Windows data using GNOME Files, proceed as follows:

To create directories in your Windows user directory using GNOME Files, proceed as you would when creating a Linux directory.

Being part of a corporate network and authenticating against a Windows Active Directory server, you can access corporate resources such as printers. GNOME allows you to configure printing from your Linux client to a Windows network printer.

To configure a Windows network printer for use through your Linux workstation, proceed as follows:

To print to the Windows network printer configured above, select it from the list of available printers.

Before you can install a printer, you need to know the root password and have your printer information ready. Depending on how you connect the printer, you might also need the printer URI, TCP/IP address or host, and the driver for the printer. A number of common printer drivers ship with SUSE Linux Enterprise Server. If you cannot find a driver for the printer, check the printer manufacturer's Web site.

The installed printer appears in the Printers panel. You can now print to the printer from any application.

First schedule which data you want to back up and when to do it.

To restore a previous state of your data, proceed as follows:

Signing.  Attaching electronic signatures to pieces of information, such as e-mail messages or software to prove its origin. To keep someone else from writing messages using your name, and to protect both you and the people you send them to, you should sign your mails. Signatures help you check the sender of the messages you receive and distinguish authentic messages from malicious ones.

Software developers sign their software so that you can check the integrity. Even if you get the software from an unofficial server, you can verify the package with the signature.

Encryption.  You might also have sensitive information you want to protect from other parties. Encryption helps you transform data and make it unreadable for others. This is important for companies so they can protect internal information and their employees' privacy.

To exchange encrypted messages with other users, you must first generate your own pair of keys. It consists of two parts:

Important: Access to the Private Key

If others gain access to your private key, they can decrypt files and messages intended only for you. Never grant others access to your private key.

You can modify properties of existing OpenPGP or SSH keys.

Name (COMMENT) <E-MAIL>

Keys can be exported to text files. These files contain human-readable text at the beginning and at the end of a key. This format is called an ASCII-armored key.

To import keys:

You can also paste keys inside Passwords and Keys:

To export keys:

You can also export keys to the clipboard in an ASCII-armored block of text:

Signing another person's key means that you are giving trust to that person. Before signing a key, carefully check the key's fingerprint to ensure that the key really belongs to that person.

Trust is an indication of how sure you are of a person's ability to correctly extend the Web of trust. When there is a key that you have not signed, the validity of the key is determined from its signatures and how much you trust the people who made those signatures.

You can use password keyring preferences to create or remove keyrings, to set the default keyring for application passwords or to change the unlock password of a keyring. To create a new keyring, follow these steps:

To change the unlock password of an existing keyring, right-click the keyring in the Passwords tab and click Change Password. You need to provide the old password to be able to change it.

To change the default keyring for application passwords, right-click the keyring in the Passwords tab and click Set as Default.

You can keep your keys up-to-date by synchronizing keys periodically with remote keyservers. Synchronizing will ensure that you have the latest signatures made on all of your keys, so that the Web of trust will be effective.

Key Sharing is provided by DNS-SD, also known as Bonjour or Rendezvous. Enabling key sharing adds the local Passwords and Keys users' public key rings to the remote search dialog. Using these local key servers is generally faster than accessing remote servers.

There are two common ways of transferring files via FTP: ASCII and binary. ASCII mode transfers files as text. ASCII files are .txt, .asp, .html, and .php files, for example. Binary mode transfers files as raw data. Binary files are .wav, .jpg, .gif, and mp3 files, for example.

To change the transfer mode, click the FTP menu and select Binary or Ascii.

When transferring ASCII files from Linux/Unix to Windows or vice versa, open the Preferences dialog by clicking FTP › Preferences. Switch to the FTP tab and select Transfer Files in ASCII Mode to ensure that newline characters are correctly converted. This option will automatically be disabled in Binary mode.

To connect to a remote server, do the following:

To bookmark a site you access frequently, click Bookmarks › Add Bookmark. Specify a name for the bookmark, then click Add. The new bookmark is added to your list of bookmarks.

In the following figure, the file list on the right contains the remote server's directory of files. The file list on the left side contains your local computer's directory of files (on your hard disk or network).

Figure 9.2: gFTP File Transfer #

  

To download files, select the files you want to download in the remote list of files, then click the arrow button pointing to the left. The progress of each download is listed in the field in the middle of the window. If the transfer is successful, the files appear in the directory listing on the left.

To upload a file, select the files you want to upload in your local directory listing on the left, then click the arrow button pointing to the right. The progress of each download is listed in the field in the middle of the window. If the transfer is successful, the files appear in the remote directory listing on the right.

To modify preferences for your downloads, select FTP › Preferences from the menu.

To set up an HTTP proxy server, do the following:

You can find more information about gFTP at http://www.gftp.org.

LibreOffice consists of several application modules (subprograms) which are designed to integrate with each other. While this chapter contains information that applies to all LibreOffice modules, the following chapters and sections contain information on individual modules. Find a short description and where each module is described in Table 10.1, “The LibreOffice application modules”.

A full description of each module is available in the application help, described in Section 10.10, “More information”.

There are multiple methods to directly start one of the LibreOffice modules:

Before you start working with LibreOffice, you may be interested in changing some options from the Preferences dialog. In any LibreOffice module, click Tools › Options to open the dialog. The most important settings are:

To learn more about configuring LibreOffice, see Section 10.7, “Changing the global settings”.

The user interface of most of LibreOffice is very similar across its modules:

For more information on customizing LibreOffice, see Section 10.6, “Customizing LibreOffice”.

The native file format of LibreOffice is the OpenDocument format. OpenDocument is an ISO-standardized format for office documents that is based on XML. However, LibreOffice can also work with documents, spreadsheets, presentations, and databases in many other formats, including Microsoft Office formats. Files in Microsoft Office formats can be opened and saved back normally.

You can save files, no matter in which LibreOffice format, with a password. Unlike older versions of LibreOffice, the encryption applied to the document with recent versions of LibreOffice is very strong. However, this encryption does not protect file names and file sizes of encrypted files. If that is important to you, see the alternate encryption methods described in Book “Security and Hardening Guide”, Chapter 12 “Encrypting Partitions and Files”.

The next time you open the file, you will be prompted for the password.

To change the password, do either of the following:

You can customize LibreOffice to best suit your needs and working style. Toolbars, menus, and key combinations can all be reconfigured to help you more quickly access the features you use the most.

You can also assign macros to application events if you want specific actions to occur when those events take place. For example, if you always work with a specific spreadsheet, you can create a macro that opens the spreadsheet and assign the macro to the Start Application event.

This section contains simple, generic instructions for customizing your environment. The changes you make are effective immediately. This means you can see if the changes are what you wanted and go back and modify them if they are not. See the LibreOffice help files for detailed instructions.

To access the customization dialog in any open LibreOffice module, select Tools › Customize.

Figure 10.1: Customization dialog in Writer #

  

Note: More information

Click Help for more information about the options in the Customize dialog.

Procedure 10.4: Customizing context menus #

  

You can modify commands, rearrange the items of a context menu, or even create new commands.

Note

The Context Menus tab is only available in an open document.

1. Open a document. In the customization dialog, click the tab Context Menus.

2. In the left column, select a Category. In the right column, select the Target.

3. To add a separator or submenu, click Insert. To rename a command, select the command in the right column and click Modify.

4. To switch back to the original settings, click Defaults and confirm with Yes.

5. To save the changes, click OK.

Procedure 10.6: Customizing key combinations #

  

You can reassign key combinations and assign new ones to frequently used functions.

Note

The Keyboard tab is only available in an open document.

1. Open a document and click Tools › Customize › Keyboard.

2. In the Shortcut Keys box, select the key or key combination you want to assign a command to.

3. Select a Category and Function at the bottom of the dialog.

4. Click Modify to assign the function to the key or Delete to remove an existing assignment.

5. To save the changes, click OK.

Global settings can be changed in any LibreOffice module by clicking Tools › Options on the menu bar. This opens the window shown in the figure below. A tree structure is used to display categories of settings.

Figure 10.2: The options window #

  

The settings categories that appear depend on the module you are working in. For example, if you are in Writer, the LibreOffice Writer category appears in the list, but the LibreOffice Calc category does not. The LibreOffice Base category appears in both Calc and Writer. The Module column in the table shows where each setting category is available.

The following table lists the settings categories along with a brief description of each category:

Important: Settings apply globally

All settings listed in the table apply globally for the specified modules. That means, they are used as defaults for every new document you create.

A template is a document containing only the styles—and content— that you want to appear in every document of that type. When a document is created or opened with the template, the styles are automatically applied to that document. Templates greatly enhance the use of LibreOffice by simplifying formatting tasks for a variety of different types of documents.

For example, in a word processor, you can write letters, memos, and reports, all of which look different and require different styles. Or, for example, for spreadsheets, you could use different cell styles or headings for certain types of spreadsheets. If you use templates for each of your document types, the styles you need for each document are always readily available.

LibreOffice comes with a set of predefined templates. You can also find additional templates on the Internet, for example at http://templates.libreoffice.org. For details, see Section 10.10, “More information”.

Creating your own templates requires some planning. You need to determine how you want the document to look, so you can create the styles you need in that template.

A detailed explanation of templates is beyond the scope of this section. Procedure 10.7, “Creating LibreOffice templates” only shows how to generate a template from an existing document.

Note: Converting Microsoft Word templates

You can convert Microsoft Word templates like you would convert any other Word document. For more information, see Section 10.4.2, “Converting documents to the OpenDocument format”.

When exchanging documents with other people, it is sometimes useful to store metadata like the owner of the file, who it was received from, and a URL. LibreOffice lets you attach such metadata to the file. This helps you track metadata which you do not want to or cannot save in the content of the file. This feature is also the basis for later sorting, searching and retrieving your documents based on metadata.

As an example, we assume you want to set these properties to your file:

To attach such metadata to your document, proceed as follows:

LibreOffice has extensive online help. In addition, a large community of users and developers support it. The following list shows some places where you can go for additional information.

There are multiple ways to create a new Writer document:

For example, to create a business letter, click File › Wizards › Business Letter. Using the wizard, you can easily create a basic document using a standard format. A sample wizard dialog is shown in Figure 11.1.

Figure 11.1: A LibreOffice wizard #

  

Enter text in the document window as needed. Use the tools for applying and changing styles or the tools for direct formatting to adjust the appearance of the document. Use the File menu or the relevant buttons in the toolbar to print and save your document. With the options under Insert, add extra items to your document, such as a table, picture, or chart.

The traditional way of formatting office documents is direct formatting. That means, you use a button, such as Bold, which sets a certain property (in this case, a bold typeface). With styles, you can bundle a set of properties (for example, font size and font weight) and give them a speaking name, such as Headline, first level. Using styles, rather than direct formatting has the following advantages:

LibreOffice can use styles for applying consistent formatting to various elements in a document. The following types of styles are available in Writer:

Direct formatting overrides any styles you have applied. For example, format a piece of text both with a character style and using the button Bold. Now, the text will be bold, no matter what is set in the style.

To remove all direct formatting, first select the appropriate text, then right-click it and choose Clear Direct Formatting.

Likewise, if you manually format paragraphs using Format › Paragraph, you can end up with inconsistent paragraph formatting. This is especially true if you copy and paste paragraphs from other documents with different formatting. However, if you apply paragraph styles, formatting remains consistent. If you change a style, the change is automatically applied to all paragraphs formatted with that style.

11.2.1 The side bar panel Styles #

  

The side bar panel Styles is a versatile formatting tool for applying styles to text, paragraphs, pages, frames, and lists. To open this panel, click the button Styles in the side bar, or press F11.

Figure 11.2: Styles panel #

  

LibreOffice comes with several predefined styles. You can use these styles as they are, modify them, or create new styles. Use the icons at the top of the panel to display formatting styles for the most common elements such as paragraphs, frames, pages or lists. To learn more about styles, continue with the instructions below.

You can use Writer to work on large documents. Large documents can be either a single file or a collection of files assembled into a single document.

11.3.1 Navigating in large documents #

  

The Navigator tool displays information about the contents of a document. It also lets you quickly jump to different elements. For example, use the Navigator to get a quick overview of all images included in a document.

To open the Navigator, click View › Navigator or press F5. The elements listed in the Navigator vary with the document loaded in Writer.

The Navigator is also an element of the side bar: There, it can be opened using the button Navigator (a compass).

Double-click an item in the Navigator to jump to that item in the document.

Figure 11.3: Navigator tool in Writer #

  

11.3.2 Using master documents #

  

If you are working with a very large document, such as a book, it can be easier to manage the book with a master document, rather than keeping the book in a single file. A master document enables you to quickly apply formatting changes to a large document or to jump to each subdocument for editing.

A master document is a Writer document that serves as a container for multiple Writer files. You can maintain chapters or other subdocuments as individual files collected in the master document. Master documents are also useful if multiple users are working on a single document. You can separate each user’s section of the document into subdocuments collected in a master document, allowing multiple writers to work on their subdocuments at the same time without fear of overwriting the work of others.

Procedure 11.6: Creating a master document #

  

1. Click File › New › Master Document.

   or

   Open an existing document and click File › Send › Create Master Document.

2. The Navigator window will open. In it, choose Insert, then choose File.

3. Select a file to add an existing file to the master document and click Open.

Procedure 11.7: Adding a new document to a master document #

  

1. In the window or panel Navigator, choose Insert, then choose New Document.

2. A file chooser opens, to allow saving the new document. Specify a name, then click Save.

3. When you are done editing the new document, save it. Then switch back to the master document.

4. Update the master document with the contents of the new document. To do so, right-click the entry of your new document in the Navigator, then click the arrow to the right of Update and choose Selection.

To enter some text directly into the master document, click the arrow to the right of Insert and choose Text.

The LibreOffice help files contain more complete information about working with master documents. Look for the topic named Using Master Documents and Subdocuments.

Tip: Styles and templates in master documents

The styles from all of your subdocuments are imported into the master document. To ensure that formatting is consistent throughout your master document, use the same template for each subdocument. Doing so is not mandatory.

However, if subdocuments are formatted differently, you might need to do some reformatting to successfully bring subdocuments into the master document without creating inconsistencies. For example, if two documents within a master document include styles with the same name, the master document will use the formatting specified for the style in the document imported first.

In addition to being a full-featured word processor, Writer also functions as an HTML editor. You can style HTML pages like any other document, but there are specific HTML Styles that help with creating good HTML. You can view the document as it will appear online, or you can directly edit the HTML code.

To edit HTML code directly or to see the HTML code created when you edit the HTML file as a Writer document, click View › HTML Source. In HTML Source mode, the Formatting and Styles list is not available.

The first time you switch to HTML Source mode, you are prompted to save the file as HTML, if you have not already done so.

To switch back from HTML Source mode to Web Layout, click View › HTML source again.

There are two ways to create a new Calc document:

Access the individual sheets by clicking their respective tabs at the bottom of the window.

Enter data in the cells as needed. To adjust the appearance, either use the Formatting toolbar or side bar panel, or use the Format menu—or define styles as described in Section 12.2, “Using formatting and styles in Calc”. Use the File menu or the relevant buttons in the toolbar to print and save your document.

Calc comes with a few built-in cell and page styles to improve the appearance of your spreadsheets and reports. Although these built-in styles are adequate for many uses, you will probably find it useful to create styles for your own frequently used formatting preferences.

To apply a style to specific cells, select the cells you want to format. Then double-click the style you want to apply in the Styles window.

Sheets are a good method to organize your calculations. For example, if you have a business, accounting might be much clearer if you create a sheet for each month.

To insert a new sheet after the last sheet, click the button + next to the sheet tabs at the bottom of the window.

To insert one or more new sheets into your spreadsheet from a file or at a specific position at once, do the following:

To rename a sheet, right-click the tab of the sheet and select Rename Sheet. Alternatively, you can also double-click the sheet tab.

To delete one or multiple sheets, do the following: Select the sheet you want to delete. To select more than one sheet, hold down Shift while making the selection. Then right-click the tab of the sheet, choose Delete Sheet and confirm with Yes.

Conditional formatting is a useful feature to highlight certain values in your spreadsheet. For example, define a condition and if the condition is true, a style is applied to each cell that fulfills this condition.

Note: Enable AutoCalculate

Before you apply conditional formatting, choose Data › Calculate › AutoCalculate. You should see a check mark in front of AutoCalculate.

Grouping a cell range allows hiding parts of a spreadsheet. This makes spreadsheets more readable, as you can hide all the parts you are not currently interested in. It is possible to group rows or columns and nest groups in other groups.

To group a range, proceed as follows:

After grouping selected cells, a line indicating the grouped cell range appears in the upper-left margin. Fold or unfold the cell range with the + and – icons. The numbers at the top left of the margins display the depth of your groups and can be clicked too.

To ungroup a cell range, click into a cell which belongs to a group and select Data › Group and Outline › Ungroup. The line in the margin disappears. The innermost group is always deleted first.

If you have a spreadsheet with lots of data, scrolling usually makes the header disappear. LibreOffice can lock rows or columns or both, so they remain fixed as you scroll around.

To freeze a single row or a single column, proceed as follows:

It is also possible to freeze both rows and columns:

To unfreeze, select View and uncheck Freeze Rows and Columns. The check mark before the menu item disappears.

Use LibreOffice Impress to create presentations for screen display or printing. If you have used other presentation software, Impress makes it easy to switch. It works very similarly to other presentation software.

13.1.2 Using master pages #

  

Master pages give your presentation a consistent look by defining what fonts and other design elements are used. Impress uses two types of master pages:

Master slide

Contains elements that appear on all slides. For example, you might want your company logo to appear in the same place on every slide. The slide master also determines the text formatting style for the heading and outline of every slide that uses that master page, as well as any information you want to appear in a header or footer.

Master notes

Determines the formatting and appearance of the notes in your presentation.

13.1.2.1 Creating a master slide #

  

Impress comes with a collection of preformatted master pages. To customize presentations further, create your own slide masters.

1. Start Impress with an existing presentation or create a new one as described in Section 13.1.1, “Creating a presentation”.

2. Click View › Master Slide.

   This opens the current master slide in Master View. The Master View toolbar appears.

3. Right-click the left-hand panel, then click New Master.

4. Edit the master slide until it has the final look.

   Master view allows editing outline styles by directly formatting the sample text on the slide.

5. To finish editing master slides, in the Master View toolbar, click Close Master View. Alternatively, choose View › Normal.

Tip: Collect master slides in a template

When you have created all of the master slides you want to use in your presentations, you can save them in an Impress template. Then, any time you want to create presentations that use those master slides, open a new presentation with your template.

13.1.2.2 Applying a master slide #

  

Master slides can be applied to selected slides or to all slides of a presentation.

1. Open your presentation.

   

   Tip: Applying master slides

   To apply a master slide to multiple slides but not all slides: Select the slides that you want a slide master applied to.

2. To select multiple slides, pressCtrl in the Slides pane while clicking the slides you want to use.

3. In the Tasks pane, open the Master Pages pane and click the master page you want to apply. The master slide is applied to the corresponding page or pages.

   If you do not see the Task Pane, click View › Task Pane.

LibreOffice includes the database module Base for designing a database to store many kinds of information. From a simple address book or recipe file to a sophisticated document management system.

Tables, forms, queries, and reports can be created manually or by using convenient wizards. For example, the Table Wizard contains several common fields for business and personal use. Databases created in Base can be used as data sources, such as when creating form letters.

It is beyond the scope of this document to detail database design with Base. Find more information in the sources listed in Section 10.10, “More information”.

Use LibreOffice Draw to create graphics and diagrams. You can export your drawings to the most common vector graphics formats and import them into any application that lets you import graphics, including other LibreOffice modules. You can also create Adobe* Flash* (SWF) versions of your drawings.

To embed an existing Draw graphic into a LibreOffice document, select Insert › Object › OLE Object. Select Create from file and click Search to navigate to the Draw file to insert.

To be able to edit the graphic later on its own, activate Link to file.

If you insert a file as OLE object, you can edit the object later by double-clicking it.

It is usually difficult to include complex mathematical formulas in your documents. To make this task easier, the LibreOffice Math equation editor lets you create formulas using operators, functions, and formatting assistants. You can then save those formulas as an object that can be imported into other documents. Math functions can be inserted into other LibreOffice documents like any other graphic object.

Note: Math for creating mathematical formulas

Math is not a calculator. The functions it creates are graphical objects. Even if they are imported into Calc, these functions cannot be evaluated.

To create a formula, proceed as follows:

The result is shown in Figure 13.1, “Mathematical formula in LibreOffice Math ”:

Figure 13.1: Mathematical formula in LibreOffice Math #

  

It is possible to include your formula in Writer. To do so, proceed as follows:

To start Firefox, select Applications › Internet › Firefox.

The look and feel of Firefox is similar to that of other browsers. It is shown in Figure 14.1, “The Browser Window of Firefox”. At the top of the window you find the location bar for a Web address, and the search bar. Bookmarks are also available for quick access from the bookmarks toolbar. For more information about the various Firefox features, use the Help menu in the menu bar.

Note: Using the Menu Bar

While most functions of Firefox are available through the three-lines button (), some are only available from the menu bar.

The menu bar of Firefox is hidden by default. To temporarily show it, press Alt. It will then be displayed until you click elsewhere in the Firefox window.

To permanently enable the Firefox menu bar, first press Alt, then choose View › Toolbars and activate Menu Bar.

Figure 14.1: The Browser Window of Firefox #