RKE Self-Assessment Guide - CIS Benchmark v1.24 - K8s v1.24
This document is a companion to the RKE Hardening Guide, which provides prescriptive guidance on how to harden RKE clusters that are running in production and managed by Rancher. This benchmark guide helps you evaluate the security of a hardened cluster against each control in the CIS Kubernetes Benchmark.
This guide corresponds to the following versions of Rancher, CIS Benchmarks, and Kubernetes:
| Rancher Version | CIS Benchmark Version | Kubernetes Version |
|---|---|---|
Rancher v2.7 |
Benchmark v1.24 |
Kubernetes v1.24 |
This guide walks through the various controls and provide updated example commands to audit compliance in Rancher created clusters. Because Rancher and RKE install Kubernetes services as Docker containers, many of the control verification checks in the CIS Kubernetes Benchmark don’t apply. These checks will return a result of Not Applicable.
This document is for Rancher operators, security teams, auditors and decision makers.
For more information about each control, including detailed descriptions and remediations for failing tests, refer to the corresponding section of the CIS Kubernetes Benchmark v1.24. You can download the benchmark, after creating a free account, at Center for Internet Security (CIS).
Testing Methodology
Rancher and RKE install Kubernetes services via Docker containers. Configuration is defined by arguments passed to the container at the time of initialization, not via configuration files.
Where control audits differ from the original CIS benchmark, the audit commands specific to Rancher are provided for testing. When performing the tests, you will need access to the command line on the hosts of all RKE nodes. The commands also make use of the kubectl (with a valid configuration file) and jq tools, which are required in the testing and evaluation of test results.
|
This guide only covers |
1.1 Control Plane Node Configuration Files
1.1.1 Ensure that the API server pod specification file permissions are set to 644 or more restrictive (Automated)
Result: Not Applicable
Remediation: Cluster provisioned by RKE doesn’t require or maintain a configuration file for kube-apiserver. All configuration is passed in as arguments at container run time.
1.1.2 Ensure that the API server pod specification file ownership is set to root:root (Automated)
Result: Not Applicable
Remediation: Cluster provisioned by RKE doesn’t require or maintain a configuration file for kube-apiserver. All configuration is passed in as arguments at container run time.
1.1.3 Ensure that the controller manager pod specification file permissions are set to 600 or more restrictive (Automated)
Result: Not Applicable
Remediation: Cluster provisioned by RKE doesn’t require or maintain a configuration file for controller-manager. All configuration is passed in as arguments at container run time.
1.1.4 Ensure that the controller manager pod specification file ownership is set to root:root (Automated)
Result: Not Applicable
Remediation: Cluster provisioned by RKE doesn’t require or maintain a configuration file for controller-manager. All configuration is passed in as arguments at container run time.
1.1.5 Ensure that the scheduler pod specification file permissions are set to 600 or more restrictive (Automated)
Result: Not Applicable
Remediation: Cluster provisioned by RKE doesn’t require or maintain a configuration file for scheduler. All configuration is passed in as arguments at container run time.
1.1.6 Ensure that the scheduler pod specification file ownership is set to root:root (Automated)
Result: Not Applicable
Remediation: Cluster provisioned by RKE doesn’t require or maintain a configuration file for scheduler. All configuration is passed in as arguments at container run time.
1.1.7 Ensure that the etcd pod specification file permissions are set to 600 or more restrictive (Automated)
Result: Not Applicable
Remediation: Cluster provisioned by RKE doesn’t require or maintain a configuration file for etcd. All configuration is passed in as arguments at container run time.
1.1.8 Ensure that the etcd pod specification file ownership is set to root:root (Automated)
Result: Not Applicable
Remediation: Cluster provisioned by RKE doesn’t require or maintain a configuration file for etcd. All configuration is passed in as arguments at container run time.
1.1.9 Ensure that the Container Network Interface file permissions are set to 600 or more restrictive (Manual)
Result: warn
Remediation: Run the below command (based on the file location on your system) on the control plane node. For example, chmod 600 <path/to/cni/files>
Audit:
ps -fC ${kubeletbin:-kubelet} | grep -- --cni-conf-dir || echo "/etc/cni/net.d" | sed 's%.*cni-conf-dir[= ]\([^ ]*\).*%\1%' | xargs -I{} find {} -mindepth 1 | xargs --no-run-if-empty stat -c permissions=%a find /var/lib/cni/networks -type f 2> /dev/null | xargs --no-run-if-empty stat -c permissions=%aExpected Result:
permissions has permissions 644, expected 600 or more restrictiveReturned Value:
permissions=600 permissions=6441.1.10 Ensure that the Container Network Interface file ownership is set to root:root (Automated)
Result: pass
Remediation: Run the below command (based on the file location on your system) on the control plane node. For example, chown root:root <path/to/cni/files>
Audit:
ps -fC ${kubeletbin:-kubelet} | grep -- --cni-conf-dir || echo "/etc/cni/net.d" | sed 's%.*cni-conf-dir[= ]\([^ ]*\).*%\1%' | xargs -I{} find {} -mindepth 1 | xargs --no-run-if-empty stat -c %U:%G find /var/lib/cni/networks -type f 2> /dev/null | xargs --no-run-if-empty stat -c %U:%GExpected Result:
'root:root' is presentReturned Value:
root:root root:root1.1.11 Ensure that the etcd data directory permissions are set to 700 or more restrictive (Automated)
Result: pass
Remediation: On the etcd server node, get the etcd data directory, passed as an argument --data-dir, from the command 'ps -ef | grep etcd'. Run the below command (based on the etcd data directory found above). For example, chmod 700 /var/lib/etcd
Audit:
stat -c %a /node/var/lib/etcdExpected Result:
'700' is equal to '700'Returned Value:
7001.1.12 Ensure that the etcd data directory ownership is set to etcd:etcd (Automated)
Result: Not Applicable
Remediation: On the etcd server node, get the etcd data directory, passed as an argument --data-dir, from the command 'ps -ef | grep etcd'. Run the below command (based on the etcd data directory found above). For example, chown etcd:etcd /var/lib/etcd
1.1.13 Ensure that the admin.conf file permissions are set to 600 or more restrictive (Automated)
Result: Not Applicable
Remediation: Cluster provisioned by RKE does not store the kubernetes default kubeconfig credentials file on the nodes.
1.1.14 Ensure that the admin.conf file ownership is set to root:root (Automated)
Result: Not Applicable
Remediation: Cluster provisioned by RKE does not store the kubernetes default kubeconfig credentials file on the nodes.
1.1.15 Ensure that the scheduler.conf file permissions are set to 600 or more restrictive (Automated)
Result: Not Applicable
Remediation: Cluster provisioned by RKE doesn’t require or maintain a configuration file for scheduler. All configuration is passed in as arguments at container run time.
1.1.16 Ensure that the scheduler.conf file ownership is set to root:root (Automated)
Result: Not Applicable
Remediation: Cluster provisioned by RKE doesn’t require or maintain a configuration file for scheduler. All configuration is passed in as arguments at container run time.
1.1.17 Ensure that the controller-manager.conf file permissions are set to 600 or more restrictive (Automated)
Result: Not Applicable
Remediation: Cluster provisioned by RKE doesn’t require or maintain a configuration file for controller-manager. All configuration is passed in as arguments at container run time.
1.1.18 Ensure that the controller-manager.conf file ownership is set to root:root (Automated)
Result: Not Applicable
Remediation: Cluster provisioned by RKE doesn’t require or maintain a configuration file for controller-manager. All configuration is passed in as arguments at container run time.
1.1.19 Ensure that the Kubernetes PKI directory and file ownership is set to root:root (Automated)
Result: pass
Remediation: Run the below command (based on the file location on your system) on the master node. For example, chown -R root:root /etc/kubernetes/pki/
Audit Script: check_files_owner_in_dir.sh
#!/usr/bin/env bash
# This script is used to ensure the owner is set to root:root for
# the given directory and all the files in it
#
# inputs:
# $1 = /full/path/to/directory
#
# outputs:
# true/false
INPUT_DIR=$1
if [[ "${INPUT_DIR}" == "" ]]; then
echo "false"
exit
fi
if [[ $(stat -c %U:%G ${INPUT_DIR}) != "root:root" ]]; then
echo "false"
exit
fi
statInfoLines=$(stat -c "%n %U:%G" ${INPUT_DIR}/*)
while read -r statInfoLine; do
f=$(echo ${statInfoLine} | cut -d' ' -f1)
p=$(echo ${statInfoLine} | cut -d' ' -f2)
if [[ $(basename "$f" .pem) == "kube-etcd-"* ]]; then
if [[ "$p" != "root:root" && "$p" != "etcd:etcd" ]]; then
echo "false"
exit
fi
else
if [[ "$p" != "root:root" ]]; then
echo "false"
exit
fi
fi
done <<< "${statInfoLines}"
echo "true"
exitAudit Execution:
./check_files_owner_in_dir.sh /node/etc/kubernetes/sslExpected Result:
'true' is equal to 'true'Returned Value:
true1.1.20 Ensure that the Kubernetes PKI certificate file permissions are set to 600 or more restrictive (Manual)
Result: warn
Remediation:
Run the below command (based on the file location on your system) on the control plane node.
For example,
find /node/etc/kubernetes/ssl/ -name '.pem' ! -name 'key.pem' -exec chmod -R 600 {}
Audit:
find /node/etc/kubernetes/ssl/ -name '*.pem' ! -name '*key.pem' | xargs stat -c permissions=%aExpected Result:
permissions has permissions 644, expected 600 or more restrictiveReturned Value:
permissions=600 permissions=600 permissions=600 permissions=600 permissions=600 permissions=644 permissions=600 permissions=600 permissions=600 permissions=600 permissions=6001.1.21 Ensure that the Kubernetes PKI key file permissions are set to 600 (Automated)
Result: pass
Remediation: Run the below command (based on the file location on your system) on the control plane node. For example, chmod -R 600 /etc/kubernetes/ssl/*key.pem
Audit Script: check_files_permissions.sh
#!/usr/bin/env bash
# This script is used to ensure the file permissions are set to 644 or
# more restrictive for all files in a given directory or a wildcard
# selection of files
#
# inputs:
# $1 = /full/path/to/directory or /path/to/fileswithpattern
# ex: !(*key).pem
#
# $2 (optional) = permission (ex: 600)
#
# outputs:
# true/false
# Turn on "extended glob" for use of '!' in wildcard
shopt -s extglob
# Turn off history to avoid surprises when using '!'
set -H
USER_INPUT=$1
if [[ "${USER_INPUT}" == "" ]]; then
echo "false"
exit
fi
if [[ -d ${USER_INPUT} ]]; then
PATTERN="${USER_INPUT}/*"
else
PATTERN="${USER_INPUT}"
fi
PERMISSION=""
if [[ "$2" != "" ]]; then
PERMISSION=$2
fi
FILES_PERMISSIONS=$(stat -c %n\ %a ${PATTERN})
while read -r fileInfo; do
p=$(echo ${fileInfo} | cut -d' ' -f2)
if [[ "${PERMISSION}" != "" ]]; then
if [[ "$p" != "${PERMISSION}" ]]; then
echo "false"
exit
fi
else
if [[ "$p" != "644" && "$p" != "640" && "$p" != "600" ]]; then
echo "false"
exit
fi
fi
done <<< "${FILES_PERMISSIONS}"
echo "true"
exitAudit Execution:
./check_files_permissions.sh '/node/etc/kubernetes/ssl/*key.pem'Expected Result:
'true' is equal to 'true'Returned Value:
true1.2 API Server
1.2.1 Ensure that the --anonymous-auth argument is set to false (Automated)
Result: pass
Remediation: Edit the API server pod specification file /etc/kubernetes/manifests/kube-apiserver.yaml on the control plane node and set the below parameter. --anonymous-auth=false
Audit:
/bin/ps -ef | grep kube-apiserver | grep -v grepExpected Result:
'--anonymous-auth' is equal to 'false'Returned Value:
root 3528 3509 7 Sep11 ? 01:24:09 kube-apiserver --service-cluster-ip-range=10.43.0.0/16 --anonymous-auth=false --profiling=false --advertise-address=172.31.7.100 --audit-log-maxsize=100 --cloud-provider= --etcd-keyfile=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kube-node-key.pem --etcd-prefix=/registry --kubelet-preferred-address-types=InternalIP,ExternalIP,Hostname --tls-cipher-suites=TLS_ECDHE_ECDSA_WITH_AES_128_GCM_SHA256,TLS_ECDHE_ECDSA_WITH_AES_256_GCM_SHA384,TLS_ECDHE_ECDSA_WITH_CHACHA20_POLY1305,TLS_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_AES_128_GCM_SHA256,TLS_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_AES_256_GCM_SHA384,TLS_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_CHACHA20_POLY1305 --kubelet-client-key=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kube-apiserver-key.pem --requestheader-username-headers=X-Remote-User --requestheader-extra-headers-prefix=X-Remote-Extra- --requestheader-group-headers=X-Remote-Group --audit-policy-file=/etc/kubernetes/audit-policy.yaml --etcd-certfile=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kube-node.pem --kubelet-client-certificate=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kube-apiserver.pem --service-account-signing-key-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kube-service-account-token-key.pem --storage-backend=etcd3 --service-node-port-range=30000-32767 --bind-address=0.0.0.0 --api-audiences=unknown --tls-cert-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kube-apiserver.pem --runtime-config=policy/v1beta1/podsecuritypolicy=true --allow-privileged=true --enable-admission-plugins=NamespaceLifecycle,LimitRanger,ServiceAccount,DefaultStorageClass,DefaultTolerationSeconds,MutatingAdmissionWebhook,ValidatingAdmissionWebhook,ResourceQuota,NodeRestriction,Priority,TaintNodesByCondition,PersistentVolumeClaimResize,PodSecurityPolicy,EventRateLimit --service-account-issuer=rke --requestheader-allowed-names=kube-apiserver-proxy-client --proxy-client-cert-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kube-apiserver-proxy-client.pem --service-account-key-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kube-service-account-token-key.pem --audit-log-path=/var/log/kube-audit/audit-log.json --audit-log-format=json --authorization-mode=Node,RBAC --etcd-servers=https://172.31.7.100:2379 --service-account-lookup=true --secure-port=6443 --tls-private-key-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kube-apiserver-key.pem --authentication-token-webhook-config-file=/etc/kubernetes/kube-api-authn-webhook.yaml --encryption-provider-config=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/encryption.yaml --kubelet-certificate-authority=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kube-ca.pem --audit-log-maxage=30 --admission-control-config-file=/etc/kubernetes/admission.yaml --etcd-cafile=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kube-ca.pem --proxy-client-key-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kube-apiserver-proxy-client-key.pem --audit-log-maxbackup=10 --client-ca-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kube-ca.pem --requestheader-client-ca-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kube-apiserver-requestheader-ca.pem --authentication-token-webhook-cache-ttl=5s1.2.2 Ensure that the --token-auth-file parameter is not set (Automated)
Result: pass
Remediation: Follow the documentation and configure alternate mechanisms for authentication. Then, edit the API server pod specification file /etc/kubernetes/manifests/kube-apiserver.yaml on the control plane node and remove the --token-auth-file=<filename> parameter.
Audit:
/bin/ps -ef | grep kube-apiserver | grep -v grepExpected Result:
'--token-auth-file' is not presentReturned Value:
root 3528 3509 7 Sep11 ? 01:24:09 kube-apiserver --service-cluster-ip-range=10.43.0.0/16 --anonymous-auth=false --profiling=false --advertise-address=172.31.7.100 --audit-log-maxsize=100 --cloud-provider= --etcd-keyfile=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kube-node-key.pem --etcd-prefix=/registry --kubelet-preferred-address-types=InternalIP,ExternalIP,Hostname --tls-cipher-suites=TLS_ECDHE_ECDSA_WITH_AES_128_GCM_SHA256,TLS_ECDHE_ECDSA_WITH_AES_256_GCM_SHA384,TLS_ECDHE_ECDSA_WITH_CHACHA20_POLY1305,TLS_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_AES_128_GCM_SHA256,TLS_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_AES_256_GCM_SHA384,TLS_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_CHACHA20_POLY1305 --kubelet-client-key=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kube-apiserver-key.pem --requestheader-username-headers=X-Remote-User --requestheader-extra-headers-prefix=X-Remote-Extra- --requestheader-group-headers=X-Remote-Group --audit-policy-file=/etc/kubernetes/audit-policy.yaml --etcd-certfile=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kube-node.pem --kubelet-client-certificate=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kube-apiserver.pem --service-account-signing-key-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kube-service-account-token-key.pem --storage-backend=etcd3 --service-node-port-range=30000-32767 --bind-address=0.0.0.0 --api-audiences=unknown --tls-cert-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kube-apiserver.pem --runtime-config=policy/v1beta1/podsecuritypolicy=true --allow-privileged=true --enable-admission-plugins=NamespaceLifecycle,LimitRanger,ServiceAccount,DefaultStorageClass,DefaultTolerationSeconds,MutatingAdmissionWebhook,ValidatingAdmissionWebhook,ResourceQuota,NodeRestriction,Priority,TaintNodesByCondition,PersistentVolumeClaimResize,PodSecurityPolicy,EventRateLimit --service-account-issuer=rke --requestheader-allowed-names=kube-apiserver-proxy-client --proxy-client-cert-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kube-apiserver-proxy-client.pem --service-account-key-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kube-service-account-token-key.pem --audit-log-path=/var/log/kube-audit/audit-log.json --audit-log-format=json --authorization-mode=Node,RBAC --etcd-servers=https://172.31.7.100:2379 --service-account-lookup=true --secure-port=6443 --tls-private-key-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kube-apiserver-key.pem --authentication-token-webhook-config-file=/etc/kubernetes/kube-api-authn-webhook.yaml --encryption-provider-config=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/encryption.yaml --kubelet-certificate-authority=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kube-ca.pem --audit-log-maxage=30 --admission-control-config-file=/etc/kubernetes/admission.yaml --etcd-cafile=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kube-ca.pem --proxy-client-key-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kube-apiserver-proxy-client-key.pem --audit-log-maxbackup=10 --client-ca-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kube-ca.pem --requestheader-client-ca-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kube-apiserver-requestheader-ca.pem --authentication-token-webhook-cache-ttl=5s1.2.3 Ensure that the --DenyServiceExternalIPs is not set (Automated)
Result: pass
Remediation:
Edit the API server pod specification file /etc/kubernetes/manifests/kube-apiserver.yaml
on the control plane node and remove the DenyServiceExternalIPs
from enabled admission plugins.
Audit:
/bin/ps -ef | grep kube-apiserver | grep -v grepExpected Result:
'--enable-admission-plugins' does not have 'DenyServiceExternalIPs' OR '--enable-admission-plugins' is not presentReturned Value:
root 3528 3509 7 Sep11 ? 01:24:09 kube-apiserver --service-cluster-ip-range=10.43.0.0/16 --anonymous-auth=false --profiling=false --advertise-address=172.31.7.100 --audit-log-maxsize=100 --cloud-provider= --etcd-keyfile=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kube-node-key.pem --etcd-prefix=/registry --kubelet-preferred-address-types=InternalIP,ExternalIP,Hostname --tls-cipher-suites=TLS_ECDHE_ECDSA_WITH_AES_128_GCM_SHA256,TLS_ECDHE_ECDSA_WITH_AES_256_GCM_SHA384,TLS_ECDHE_ECDSA_WITH_CHACHA20_POLY1305,TLS_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_AES_128_GCM_SHA256,TLS_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_AES_256_GCM_SHA384,TLS_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_CHACHA20_POLY1305 --kubelet-client-key=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kube-apiserver-key.pem --requestheader-username-headers=X-Remote-User --requestheader-extra-headers-prefix=X-Remote-Extra- --requestheader-group-headers=X-Remote-Group --audit-policy-file=/etc/kubernetes/audit-policy.yaml --etcd-certfile=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kube-node.pem --kubelet-client-certificate=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kube-apiserver.pem --service-account-signing-key-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kube-service-account-token-key.pem --storage-backend=etcd3 --service-node-port-range=30000-32767 --bind-address=0.0.0.0 --api-audiences=unknown --tls-cert-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kube-apiserver.pem --runtime-config=policy/v1beta1/podsecuritypolicy=true --allow-privileged=true --enable-admission-plugins=NamespaceLifecycle,LimitRanger,ServiceAccount,DefaultStorageClass,DefaultTolerationSeconds,MutatingAdmissionWebhook,ValidatingAdmissionWebhook,ResourceQuota,NodeRestriction,Priority,TaintNodesByCondition,PersistentVolumeClaimResize,PodSecurityPolicy,EventRateLimit --service-account-issuer=rke --requestheader-allowed-names=kube-apiserver-proxy-client --proxy-client-cert-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kube-apiserver-proxy-client.pem --service-account-key-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kube-service-account-token-key.pem --audit-log-path=/var/log/kube-audit/audit-log.json --audit-log-format=json --authorization-mode=Node,RBAC --etcd-servers=https://172.31.7.100:2379 --service-account-lookup=true --secure-port=6443 --tls-private-key-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kube-apiserver-key.pem --authentication-token-webhook-config-file=/etc/kubernetes/kube-api-authn-webhook.yaml --encryption-provider-config=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/encryption.yaml --kubelet-certificate-authority=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kube-ca.pem --audit-log-maxage=30 --admission-control-config-file=/etc/kubernetes/admission.yaml --etcd-cafile=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kube-ca.pem --proxy-client-key-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kube-apiserver-proxy-client-key.pem --audit-log-maxbackup=10 --client-ca-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kube-ca.pem --requestheader-client-ca-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kube-apiserver-requestheader-ca.pem --authentication-token-webhook-cache-ttl=5s1.2.4 Ensure that the --kubelet-https argument is set to true (Automated)
Result: pass
Remediation: Edit the API server pod specification file /etc/kubernetes/manifests/kube-apiserver.yaml on the control plane node and remove the --kubelet-https parameter.
Audit:
/bin/ps -ef | grep kube-apiserver | grep -v grepExpected Result:
'--kubelet-https' is present OR '--kubelet-https' is not presentReturned Value:
root 3528 3509 7 Sep11 ? 01:24:09 kube-apiserver --service-cluster-ip-range=10.43.0.0/16 --anonymous-auth=false --profiling=false --advertise-address=172.31.7.100 --audit-log-maxsize=100 --cloud-provider= --etcd-keyfile=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kube-node-key.pem --etcd-prefix=/registry --kubelet-preferred-address-types=InternalIP,ExternalIP,Hostname --tls-cipher-suites=TLS_ECDHE_ECDSA_WITH_AES_128_GCM_SHA256,TLS_ECDHE_ECDSA_WITH_AES_256_GCM_SHA384,TLS_ECDHE_ECDSA_WITH_CHACHA20_POLY1305,TLS_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_AES_128_GCM_SHA256,TLS_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_AES_256_GCM_SHA384,TLS_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_CHACHA20_POLY1305 --kubelet-client-key=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kube-apiserver-key.pem --requestheader-username-headers=X-Remote-User --requestheader-extra-headers-prefix=X-Remote-Extra- --requestheader-group-headers=X-Remote-Group --audit-policy-file=/etc/kubernetes/audit-policy.yaml --etcd-certfile=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kube-node.pem --kubelet-client-certificate=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kube-apiserver.pem --service-account-signing-key-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kube-service-account-token-key.pem --storage-backend=etcd3 --service-node-port-range=30000-32767 --bind-address=0.0.0.0 --api-audiences=unknown --tls-cert-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kube-apiserver.pem --runtime-config=policy/v1beta1/podsecuritypolicy=true --allow-privileged=true --enable-admission-plugins=NamespaceLifecycle,LimitRanger,ServiceAccount,DefaultStorageClass,DefaultTolerationSeconds,MutatingAdmissionWebhook,ValidatingAdmissionWebhook,ResourceQuota,NodeRestriction,Priority,TaintNodesByCondition,PersistentVolumeClaimResize,PodSecurityPolicy,EventRateLimit --service-account-issuer=rke --requestheader-allowed-names=kube-apiserver-proxy-client --proxy-client-cert-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kube-apiserver-proxy-client.pem --service-account-key-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kube-service-account-token-key.pem --audit-log-path=/var/log/kube-audit/audit-log.json --audit-log-format=json --authorization-mode=Node,RBAC --etcd-servers=https://172.31.7.100:2379 --service-account-lookup=true --secure-port=6443 --tls-private-key-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kube-apiserver-key.pem --authentication-token-webhook-config-file=/etc/kubernetes/kube-api-authn-webhook.yaml --encryption-provider-config=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/encryption.yaml --kubelet-certificate-authority=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kube-ca.pem --audit-log-maxage=30 --admission-control-config-file=/etc/kubernetes/admission.yaml --etcd-cafile=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kube-ca.pem --proxy-client-key-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kube-apiserver-proxy-client-key.pem --audit-log-maxbackup=10 --client-ca-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kube-ca.pem --requestheader-client-ca-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kube-apiserver-requestheader-ca.pem --authentication-token-webhook-cache-ttl=5s1.2.5 Ensure that the --kubelet-client-certificate and --kubelet-client-key arguments are set as appropriate (Automated)
Result: pass
Remediation: Follow the Kubernetes documentation and set up the TLS connection between the apiserver and kubelets. Then, edit API server pod specification file /etc/kubernetes/manifests/kube-apiserver.yaml on the control plane node and set the kubelet client certificate and key parameters as below. --kubelet-client-certificate=<path/to/client-certificate-file> --kubelet-client-key=<path/to/client-key-file>
Audit:
/bin/ps -ef | grep kube-apiserver | grep -v grepExpected Result:
'--kubelet-client-certificate' is present AND '--kubelet-client-key' is presentReturned Value:
root 3528 3509 7 Sep11 ? 01:24:09 kube-apiserver --service-cluster-ip-range=10.43.0.0/16 --anonymous-auth=false --profiling=false --advertise-address=172.31.7.100 --audit-log-maxsize=100 --cloud-provider= --etcd-keyfile=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kube-node-key.pem --etcd-prefix=/registry --kubelet-preferred-address-types=InternalIP,ExternalIP,Hostname --tls-cipher-suites=TLS_ECDHE_ECDSA_WITH_AES_128_GCM_SHA256,TLS_ECDHE_ECDSA_WITH_AES_256_GCM_SHA384,TLS_ECDHE_ECDSA_WITH_CHACHA20_POLY1305,TLS_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_AES_128_GCM_SHA256,TLS_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_AES_256_GCM_SHA384,TLS_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_CHACHA20_POLY1305 --kubelet-client-key=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kube-apiserver-key.pem --requestheader-username-headers=X-Remote-User --requestheader-extra-headers-prefix=X-Remote-Extra- --requestheader-group-headers=X-Remote-Group --audit-policy-file=/etc/kubernetes/audit-policy.yaml --etcd-certfile=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kube-node.pem --kubelet-client-certificate=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kube-apiserver.pem --service-account-signing-key-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kube-service-account-token-key.pem --storage-backend=etcd3 --service-node-port-range=30000-32767 --bind-address=0.0.0.0 --api-audiences=unknown --tls-cert-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kube-apiserver.pem --runtime-config=policy/v1beta1/podsecuritypolicy=true --allow-privileged=true --enable-admission-plugins=NamespaceLifecycle,LimitRanger,ServiceAccount,DefaultStorageClass,DefaultTolerationSeconds,MutatingAdmissionWebhook,ValidatingAdmissionWebhook,ResourceQuota,NodeRestriction,Priority,TaintNodesByCondition,PersistentVolumeClaimResize,PodSecurityPolicy,EventRateLimit --service-account-issuer=rke --requestheader-allowed-names=kube-apiserver-proxy-client --proxy-client-cert-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kube-apiserver-proxy-client.pem --service-account-key-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kube-service-account-token-key.pem --audit-log-path=/var/log/kube-audit/audit-log.json --audit-log-format=json --authorization-mode=Node,RBAC --etcd-servers=https://172.31.7.100:2379 --service-account-lookup=true --secure-port=6443 --tls-private-key-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kube-apiserver-key.pem --authentication-token-webhook-config-file=/etc/kubernetes/kube-api-authn-webhook.yaml --encryption-provider-config=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/encryption.yaml --kubelet-certificate-authority=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kube-ca.pem --audit-log-maxage=30 --admission-control-config-file=/etc/kubernetes/admission.yaml --etcd-cafile=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kube-ca.pem --proxy-client-key-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kube-apiserver-proxy-client-key.pem --audit-log-maxbackup=10 --client-ca-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kube-ca.pem --requestheader-client-ca-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kube-apiserver-requestheader-ca.pem --authentication-token-webhook-cache-ttl=5s1.2.6 Ensure that the --kubelet-certificate-authority argument is set as appropriate (Automated)
Result: pass
Remediation: Follow the Kubernetes documentation and setup the TLS connection between the apiserver and kubelets. Then, edit the API server pod specification file /etc/kubernetes/manifests/kube-apiserver.yaml on the control plane node and set the --kubelet-certificate-authority parameter to the path to the cert file for the certificate authority. --kubelet-certificate-authority=<ca-string>
Audit:
/bin/ps -ef | grep kube-apiserver | grep -v grepExpected Result:
'--kubelet-certificate-authority' is presentReturned Value:
root 3528 3509 7 Sep11 ? 01:24:09 kube-apiserver --service-cluster-ip-range=10.43.0.0/16 --anonymous-auth=false --profiling=false --advertise-address=172.31.7.100 --audit-log-maxsize=100 --cloud-provider= --etcd-keyfile=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kube-node-key.pem --etcd-prefix=/registry --kubelet-preferred-address-types=InternalIP,ExternalIP,Hostname --tls-cipher-suites=TLS_ECDHE_ECDSA_WITH_AES_128_GCM_SHA256,TLS_ECDHE_ECDSA_WITH_AES_256_GCM_SHA384,TLS_ECDHE_ECDSA_WITH_CHACHA20_POLY1305,TLS_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_AES_128_GCM_SHA256,TLS_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_AES_256_GCM_SHA384,TLS_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_CHACHA20_POLY1305 --kubelet-client-key=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kube-apiserver-key.pem --requestheader-username-headers=X-Remote-User --requestheader-extra-headers-prefix=X-Remote-Extra- --requestheader-group-headers=X-Remote-Group --audit-policy-file=/etc/kubernetes/audit-policy.yaml --etcd-certfile=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kube-node.pem --kubelet-client-certificate=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kube-apiserver.pem --service-account-signing-key-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kube-service-account-token-key.pem --storage-backend=etcd3 --service-node-port-range=30000-32767 --bind-address=0.0.0.0 --api-audiences=unknown --tls-cert-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kube-apiserver.pem --runtime-config=policy/v1beta1/podsecuritypolicy=true --allow-privileged=true --enable-admission-plugins=NamespaceLifecycle,LimitRanger,ServiceAccount,DefaultStorageClass,DefaultTolerationSeconds,MutatingAdmissionWebhook,ValidatingAdmissionWebhook,ResourceQuota,NodeRestriction,Priority,TaintNodesByCondition,PersistentVolumeClaimResize,PodSecurityPolicy,EventRateLimit --service-account-issuer=rke --requestheader-allowed-names=kube-apiserver-proxy-client --proxy-client-cert-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kube-apiserver-proxy-client.pem --service-account-key-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kube-service-account-token-key.pem --audit-log-path=/var/log/kube-audit/audit-log.json --audit-log-format=json --authorization-mode=Node,RBAC --etcd-servers=https://172.31.7.100:2379 --service-account-lookup=true --secure-port=6443 --tls-private-key-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kube-apiserver-key.pem --authentication-token-webhook-config-file=/etc/kubernetes/kube-api-authn-webhook.yaml --encryption-provider-config=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/encryption.yaml --kubelet-certificate-authority=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kube-ca.pem --audit-log-maxage=30 --admission-control-config-file=/etc/kubernetes/admission.yaml --etcd-cafile=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kube-ca.pem --proxy-client-key-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kube-apiserver-proxy-client-key.pem --audit-log-maxbackup=10 --client-ca-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kube-ca.pem --requestheader-client-ca-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kube-apiserver-requestheader-ca.pem --authentication-token-webhook-cache-ttl=5s1.2.7 Ensure that the --authorization-mode argument is not set to AlwaysAllow (Automated)
Result: pass
Remediation: Edit the API server pod specification file /etc/kubernetes/manifests/kube-apiserver.yaml on the control plane node and set the --authorization-mode parameter to values other than AlwaysAllow. One such example could be as below. --authorization-mode=RBAC
Audit:
/bin/ps -ef | grep kube-apiserver | grep -v grepExpected Result:
'--authorization-mode' does not have 'AlwaysAllow'Returned Value:
root 3528 3509 7 Sep11 ? 01:24:09 kube-apiserver --service-cluster-ip-range=10.43.0.0/16 --anonymous-auth=false --profiling=false --advertise-address=172.31.7.100 --audit-log-maxsize=100 --cloud-provider= --etcd-keyfile=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kube-node-key.pem --etcd-prefix=/registry --kubelet-preferred-address-types=InternalIP,ExternalIP,Hostname --tls-cipher-suites=TLS_ECDHE_ECDSA_WITH_AES_128_GCM_SHA256,TLS_ECDHE_ECDSA_WITH_AES_256_GCM_SHA384,TLS_ECDHE_ECDSA_WITH_CHACHA20_POLY1305,TLS_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_AES_128_GCM_SHA256,TLS_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_AES_256_GCM_SHA384,TLS_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_CHACHA20_POLY1305 --kubelet-client-key=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kube-apiserver-key.pem --requestheader-username-headers=X-Remote-User --requestheader-extra-headers-prefix=X-Remote-Extra- --requestheader-group-headers=X-Remote-Group --audit-policy-file=/etc/kubernetes/audit-policy.yaml --etcd-certfile=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kube-node.pem --kubelet-client-certificate=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kube-apiserver.pem --service-account-signing-key-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kube-service-account-token-key.pem --storage-backend=etcd3 --service-node-port-range=30000-32767 --bind-address=0.0.0.0 --api-audiences=unknown --tls-cert-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kube-apiserver.pem --runtime-config=policy/v1beta1/podsecuritypolicy=true --allow-privileged=true --enable-admission-plugins=NamespaceLifecycle,LimitRanger,ServiceAccount,DefaultStorageClass,DefaultTolerationSeconds,MutatingAdmissionWebhook,ValidatingAdmissionWebhook,ResourceQuota,NodeRestriction,Priority,TaintNodesByCondition,PersistentVolumeClaimResize,PodSecurityPolicy,EventRateLimit --service-account-issuer=rke --requestheader-allowed-names=kube-apiserver-proxy-client --proxy-client-cert-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kube-apiserver-proxy-client.pem --service-account-key-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kube-service-account-token-key.pem --audit-log-path=/var/log/kube-audit/audit-log.json --audit-log-format=json --authorization-mode=Node,RBAC --etcd-servers=https://172.31.7.100:2379 --service-account-lookup=true --secure-port=6443 --tls-private-key-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kube-apiserver-key.pem --authentication-token-webhook-config-file=/etc/kubernetes/kube-api-authn-webhook.yaml --encryption-provider-config=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/encryption.yaml --kubelet-certificate-authority=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kube-ca.pem --audit-log-maxage=30 --admission-control-config-file=/etc/kubernetes/admission.yaml --etcd-cafile=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kube-ca.pem --proxy-client-key-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kube-apiserver-proxy-client-key.pem --audit-log-maxbackup=10 --client-ca-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kube-ca.pem --requestheader-client-ca-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kube-apiserver-requestheader-ca.pem --authentication-token-webhook-cache-ttl=5s1.2.8 Ensure that the --authorization-mode argument includes Node (Automated)
Result: pass
Remediation: Edit the API server pod specification file /etc/kubernetes/manifests/kube-apiserver.yaml on the control plane node and set the --authorization-mode parameter to a value that includes Node. --authorization-mode=Node,RBAC
Audit:
/bin/ps -ef | grep kube-apiserver | grep -v grepExpected Result:
'--authorization-mode' has 'Node'Returned Value:
root 3528 3509 7 Sep11 ? 01:24:09 kube-apiserver --service-cluster-ip-range=10.43.0.0/16 --anonymous-auth=false --profiling=false --advertise-address=172.31.7.100 --audit-log-maxsize=100 --cloud-provider= --etcd-keyfile=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kube-node-key.pem --etcd-prefix=/registry --kubelet-preferred-address-types=InternalIP,ExternalIP,Hostname --tls-cipher-suites=TLS_ECDHE_ECDSA_WITH_AES_128_GCM_SHA256,TLS_ECDHE_ECDSA_WITH_AES_256_GCM_SHA384,TLS_ECDHE_ECDSA_WITH_CHACHA20_POLY1305,TLS_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_AES_128_GCM_SHA256,TLS_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_AES_256_GCM_SHA384,TLS_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_CHACHA20_POLY1305 --kubelet-client-key=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kube-apiserver-key.pem --requestheader-username-headers=X-Remote-User --requestheader-extra-headers-prefix=X-Remote-Extra- --requestheader-group-headers=X-Remote-Group --audit-policy-file=/etc/kubernetes/audit-policy.yaml --etcd-certfile=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kube-node.pem --kubelet-client-certificate=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kube-apiserver.pem --service-account-signing-key-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kube-service-account-token-key.pem --storage-backend=etcd3 --service-node-port-range=30000-32767 --bind-address=0.0.0.0 --api-audiences=unknown --tls-cert-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kube-apiserver.pem --runtime-config=policy/v1beta1/podsecuritypolicy=true --allow-privileged=true --enable-admission-plugins=NamespaceLifecycle,LimitRanger,ServiceAccount,DefaultStorageClass,DefaultTolerationSeconds,MutatingAdmissionWebhook,ValidatingAdmissionWebhook,ResourceQuota,NodeRestriction,Priority,TaintNodesByCondition,PersistentVolumeClaimResize,PodSecurityPolicy,EventRateLimit --service-account-issuer=rke --requestheader-allowed-names=kube-apiserver-proxy-client --proxy-client-cert-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kube-apiserver-proxy-client.pem --service-account-key-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kube-service-account-token-key.pem --audit-log-path=/var/log/kube-audit/audit-log.json --audit-log-format=json --authorization-mode=Node,RBAC --etcd-servers=https://172.31.7.100:2379 --service-account-lookup=true --secure-port=6443 --tls-private-key-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kube-apiserver-key.pem --authentication-token-webhook-config-file=/etc/kubernetes/kube-api-authn-webhook.yaml --encryption-provider-config=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/encryption.yaml --kubelet-certificate-authority=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kube-ca.pem --audit-log-maxage=30 --admission-control-config-file=/etc/kubernetes/admission.yaml --etcd-cafile=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kube-ca.pem --proxy-client-key-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kube-apiserver-proxy-client-key.pem --audit-log-maxbackup=10 --client-ca-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kube-ca.pem --requestheader-client-ca-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kube-apiserver-requestheader-ca.pem --authentication-token-webhook-cache-ttl=5s1.2.9 Ensure that the --authorization-mode argument includes RBAC (Automated)
Result: pass
Remediation:
Edit the API server pod specification file /etc/kubernetes/manifests/kube-apiserver.yaml
on the control plane node and set the --authorization-mode parameter to a value that includes RBAC,
for example --authorization-mode=Node,RBAC.
Audit:
/bin/ps -ef | grep kube-apiserver | grep -v grepExpected Result:
'--authorization-mode' has 'RBAC'Returned Value:
root 3528 3509 7 Sep11 ? 01:24:09 kube-apiserver --service-cluster-ip-range=10.43.0.0/16 --anonymous-auth=false --profiling=false --advertise-address=172.31.7.100 --audit-log-maxsize=100 --cloud-provider= --etcd-keyfile=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kube-node-key.pem --etcd-prefix=/registry --kubelet-preferred-address-types=InternalIP,ExternalIP,Hostname --tls-cipher-suites=TLS_ECDHE_ECDSA_WITH_AES_128_GCM_SHA256,TLS_ECDHE_ECDSA_WITH_AES_256_GCM_SHA384,TLS_ECDHE_ECDSA_WITH_CHACHA20_POLY1305,TLS_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_AES_128_GCM_SHA256,TLS_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_AES_256_GCM_SHA384,TLS_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_CHACHA20_POLY1305 --kubelet-client-key=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kube-apiserver-key.pem --requestheader-username-headers=X-Remote-User --requestheader-extra-headers-prefix=X-Remote-Extra- --requestheader-group-headers=X-Remote-Group --audit-policy-file=/etc/kubernetes/audit-policy.yaml --etcd-certfile=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kube-node.pem --kubelet-client-certificate=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kube-apiserver.pem --service-account-signing-key-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kube-service-account-token-key.pem --storage-backend=etcd3 --service-node-port-range=30000-32767 --bind-address=0.0.0.0 --api-audiences=unknown --tls-cert-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kube-apiserver.pem --runtime-config=policy/v1beta1/podsecuritypolicy=true --allow-privileged=true --enable-admission-plugins=NamespaceLifecycle,LimitRanger,ServiceAccount,DefaultStorageClass,DefaultTolerationSeconds,MutatingAdmissionWebhook,ValidatingAdmissionWebhook,ResourceQuota,NodeRestriction,Priority,TaintNodesByCondition,PersistentVolumeClaimResize,PodSecurityPolicy,EventRateLimit --service-account-issuer=rke --requestheader-allowed-names=kube-apiserver-proxy-client --proxy-client-cert-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kube-apiserver-proxy-client.pem --service-account-key-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kube-service-account-token-key.pem --audit-log-path=/var/log/kube-audit/audit-log.json --audit-log-format=json --authorization-mode=Node,RBAC --etcd-servers=https://172.31.7.100:2379 --service-account-lookup=true --secure-port=6443 --tls-private-key-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kube-apiserver-key.pem --authentication-token-webhook-config-file=/etc/kubernetes/kube-api-authn-webhook.yaml --encryption-provider-config=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/encryption.yaml --kubelet-certificate-authority=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kube-ca.pem --audit-log-maxage=30 --admission-control-config-file=/etc/kubernetes/admission.yaml --etcd-cafile=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kube-ca.pem --proxy-client-key-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kube-apiserver-proxy-client-key.pem --audit-log-maxbackup=10 --client-ca-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kube-ca.pem --requestheader-client-ca-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kube-apiserver-requestheader-ca.pem --authentication-token-webhook-cache-ttl=5s1.2.10 Ensure that the admission control plugin EventRateLimit is set (Automated)
Result: pass
Remediation: Follow the Kubernetes documentation and set the desired limits in a configuration file. Then, edit the API server pod specification file /etc/kubernetes/manifests/kube-apiserver.yaml and set the below parameters. --enable-admission-plugins=…,EventRateLimit,… --admission-control-config-file=<path/to/configuration/file>
Audit:
/bin/ps -ef | grep kube-apiserver | grep -v grepExpected Result:
'--enable-admission-plugins' has 'EventRateLimit'Returned Value:
root 3528 3509 7 Sep11 ? 01:24:09 kube-apiserver --service-cluster-ip-range=10.43.0.0/16 --anonymous-auth=false --profiling=false --advertise-address=172.31.7.100 --audit-log-maxsize=100 --cloud-provider= --etcd-keyfile=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kube-node-key.pem --etcd-prefix=/registry --kubelet-preferred-address-types=InternalIP,ExternalIP,Hostname --tls-cipher-suites=TLS_ECDHE_ECDSA_WITH_AES_128_GCM_SHA256,TLS_ECDHE_ECDSA_WITH_AES_256_GCM_SHA384,TLS_ECDHE_ECDSA_WITH_CHACHA20_POLY1305,TLS_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_AES_128_GCM_SHA256,TLS_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_AES_256_GCM_SHA384,TLS_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_CHACHA20_POLY1305 --kubelet-client-key=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kube-apiserver-key.pem --requestheader-username-headers=X-Remote-User --requestheader-extra-headers-prefix=X-Remote-Extra- --requestheader-group-headers=X-Remote-Group --audit-policy-file=/etc/kubernetes/audit-policy.yaml --etcd-certfile=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kube-node.pem --kubelet-client-certificate=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kube-apiserver.pem --service-account-signing-key-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kube-service-account-token-key.pem --storage-backend=etcd3 --service-node-port-range=30000-32767 --bind-address=0.0.0.0 --api-audiences=unknown --tls-cert-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kube-apiserver.pem --runtime-config=policy/v1beta1/podsecuritypolicy=true --allow-privileged=true --enable-admission-plugins=NamespaceLifecycle,LimitRanger,ServiceAccount,DefaultStorageClass,DefaultTolerationSeconds,MutatingAdmissionWebhook,ValidatingAdmissionWebhook,ResourceQuota,NodeRestriction,Priority,TaintNodesByCondition,PersistentVolumeClaimResize,PodSecurityPolicy,EventRateLimit --service-account-issuer=rke --requestheader-allowed-names=kube-apiserver-proxy-client --proxy-client-cert-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kube-apiserver-proxy-client.pem --service-account-key-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kube-service-account-token-key.pem --audit-log-path=/var/log/kube-audit/audit-log.json --audit-log-format=json --authorization-mode=Node,RBAC --etcd-servers=https://172.31.7.100:2379 --service-account-lookup=true --secure-port=6443 --tls-private-key-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kube-apiserver-key.pem --authentication-token-webhook-config-file=/etc/kubernetes/kube-api-authn-webhook.yaml --encryption-provider-config=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/encryption.yaml --kubelet-certificate-authority=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kube-ca.pem --audit-log-maxage=30 --admission-control-config-file=/etc/kubernetes/admission.yaml --etcd-cafile=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kube-ca.pem --proxy-client-key-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kube-apiserver-proxy-client-key.pem --audit-log-maxbackup=10 --client-ca-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kube-ca.pem --requestheader-client-ca-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kube-apiserver-requestheader-ca.pem --authentication-token-webhook-cache-ttl=5s1.2.11 Ensure that the admission control plugin AlwaysAdmit is not set (Automated)
Result: pass
Remediation: Edit the API server pod specification file /etc/kubernetes/manifests/kube-apiserver.yaml on the control plane node and either remove the --enable-admission-plugins parameter, or set it to a value that does not include AlwaysAdmit.
Audit:
/bin/ps -ef | grep kube-apiserver | grep -v grepExpected Result:
'--enable-admission-plugins' does not have 'AlwaysAdmit' OR '--enable-admission-plugins' is not presentReturned Value:
root 3528 3509 7 Sep11 ? 01:24:09 kube-apiserver --service-cluster-ip-range=10.43.0.0/16 --anonymous-auth=false --profiling=false --advertise-address=172.31.7.100 --audit-log-maxsize=100 --cloud-provider= --etcd-keyfile=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kube-node-key.pem --etcd-prefix=/registry --kubelet-preferred-address-types=InternalIP,ExternalIP,Hostname --tls-cipher-suites=TLS_ECDHE_ECDSA_WITH_AES_128_GCM_SHA256,TLS_ECDHE_ECDSA_WITH_AES_256_GCM_SHA384,TLS_ECDHE_ECDSA_WITH_CHACHA20_POLY1305,TLS_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_AES_128_GCM_SHA256,TLS_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_AES_256_GCM_SHA384,TLS_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_CHACHA20_POLY1305 --kubelet-client-key=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kube-apiserver-key.pem --requestheader-username-headers=X-Remote-User --requestheader-extra-headers-prefix=X-Remote-Extra- --requestheader-group-headers=X-Remote-Group --audit-policy-file=/etc/kubernetes/audit-policy.yaml --etcd-certfile=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kube-node.pem --kubelet-client-certificate=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kube-apiserver.pem --service-account-signing-key-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kube-service-account-token-key.pem --storage-backend=etcd3 --service-node-port-range=30000-32767 --bind-address=0.0.0.0 --api-audiences=unknown --tls-cert-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kube-apiserver.pem --runtime-config=policy/v1beta1/podsecuritypolicy=true --allow-privileged=true --enable-admission-plugins=NamespaceLifecycle,LimitRanger,ServiceAccount,DefaultStorageClass,DefaultTolerationSeconds,MutatingAdmissionWebhook,ValidatingAdmissionWebhook,ResourceQuota,NodeRestriction,Priority,TaintNodesByCondition,PersistentVolumeClaimResize,PodSecurityPolicy,EventRateLimit --service-account-issuer=rke --requestheader-allowed-names=kube-apiserver-proxy-client --proxy-client-cert-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kube-apiserver-proxy-client.pem --service-account-key-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kube-service-account-token-key.pem --audit-log-path=/var/log/kube-audit/audit-log.json --audit-log-format=json --authorization-mode=Node,RBAC --etcd-servers=https://172.31.7.100:2379 --service-account-lookup=true --secure-port=6443 --tls-private-key-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kube-apiserver-key.pem --authentication-token-webhook-config-file=/etc/kubernetes/kube-api-authn-webhook.yaml --encryption-provider-config=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/encryption.yaml --kubelet-certificate-authority=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kube-ca.pem --audit-log-maxage=30 --admission-control-config-file=/etc/kubernetes/admission.yaml --etcd-cafile=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kube-ca.pem --proxy-client-key-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kube-apiserver-proxy-client-key.pem --audit-log-maxbackup=10 --client-ca-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kube-ca.pem --requestheader-client-ca-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kube-apiserver-requestheader-ca.pem --authentication-token-webhook-cache-ttl=5s1.2.12 Ensure that the admission control plugin AlwaysPullImages is set (Manual)
Result: warn
Remediation: Edit the API server pod specification file /etc/kubernetes/manifests/kube-apiserver.yaml on the control plane node and set the --enable-admission-plugins parameter to include AlwaysPullImages. --enable-admission-plugins=…,AlwaysPullImages,…
Audit:
/bin/ps -ef | grep kube-apiserver | grep -v grepExpected Result:
'--enable-admission-plugins' has 'AlwaysPullImages'Returned Value:
root 3528 3509 7 Sep11 ? 01:24:09 kube-apiserver --service-cluster-ip-range=10.43.0.0/16 --anonymous-auth=false --profiling=false --advertise-address=172.31.7.100 --audit-log-maxsize=100 --cloud-provider= --etcd-keyfile=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kube-node-key.pem --etcd-prefix=/registry --kubelet-preferred-address-types=InternalIP,ExternalIP,Hostname --tls-cipher-suites=TLS_ECDHE_ECDSA_WITH_AES_128_GCM_SHA256,TLS_ECDHE_ECDSA_WITH_AES_256_GCM_SHA384,TLS_ECDHE_ECDSA_WITH_CHACHA20_POLY1305,TLS_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_AES_128_GCM_SHA256,TLS_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_AES_256_GCM_SHA384,TLS_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_CHACHA20_POLY1305 --kubelet-client-key=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kube-apiserver-key.pem --requestheader-username-headers=X-Remote-User --requestheader-extra-headers-prefix=X-Remote-Extra- --requestheader-group-headers=X-Remote-Group --audit-policy-file=/etc/kubernetes/audit-policy.yaml --etcd-certfile=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kube-node.pem --kubelet-client-certificate=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kube-apiserver.pem --service-account-signing-key-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kube-service-account-token-key.pem --storage-backend=etcd3 --service-node-port-range=30000-32767 --bind-address=0.0.0.0 --api-audiences=unknown --tls-cert-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kube-apiserver.pem --runtime-config=policy/v1beta1/podsecuritypolicy=true --allow-privileged=true --enable-admission-plugins=NamespaceLifecycle,LimitRanger,ServiceAccount,DefaultStorageClass,DefaultTolerationSeconds,MutatingAdmissionWebhook,ValidatingAdmissionWebhook,ResourceQuota,NodeRestriction,Priority,TaintNodesByCondition,PersistentVolumeClaimResize,PodSecurityPolicy,EventRateLimit --service-account-issuer=rke --requestheader-allowed-names=kube-apiserver-proxy-client --proxy-client-cert-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kube-apiserver-proxy-client.pem --service-account-key-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kube-service-account-token-key.pem --audit-log-path=/var/log/kube-audit/audit-log.json --audit-log-format=json --authorization-mode=Node,RBAC --etcd-servers=https://172.31.7.100:2379 --service-account-lookup=true --secure-port=6443 --tls-private-key-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kube-apiserver-key.pem --authentication-token-webhook-config-file=/etc/kubernetes/kube-api-authn-webhook.yaml --encryption-provider-config=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/encryption.yaml --kubelet-certificate-authority=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kube-ca.pem --audit-log-maxage=30 --admission-control-config-file=/etc/kubernetes/admission.yaml --etcd-cafile=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kube-ca.pem --proxy-client-key-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kube-apiserver-proxy-client-key.pem --audit-log-maxbackup=10 --client-ca-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kube-ca.pem --requestheader-client-ca-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kube-apiserver-requestheader-ca.pem --authentication-token-webhook-cache-ttl=5s1.2.13 Ensure that the admission control plugin SecurityContextDeny is set if PodSecurityPolicy is not used (Manual)
Result: warn
Remediation: Edit the API server pod specification file /etc/kubernetes/manifests/kube-apiserver.yaml on the control plane node and set the --enable-admission-plugins parameter to include SecurityContextDeny, unless PodSecurityPolicy is already in place. --enable-admission-plugins=…,SecurityContextDeny,…
Audit:
/bin/ps -ef | grep kube-apiserver | grep -v grep1.2.14 Ensure that the admission control plugin ServiceAccount is set (Automated)
Result: pass
Remediation: Follow the documentation and create ServiceAccount objects as per your environment. Then, edit the API server pod specification file /etc/kubernetes/manifests/kube-apiserver.yaml on the control plane node and ensure that the --disable-admission-plugins parameter is set to a value that does not include ServiceAccount.
Audit:
/bin/ps -ef | grep kube-apiserver | grep -v grepExpected Result:
'--disable-admission-plugins' is present OR '--disable-admission-plugins' is not presentReturned Value:
root 3528 3509 7 Sep11 ? 01:24:09 kube-apiserver --service-cluster-ip-range=10.43.0.0/16 --anonymous-auth=false --profiling=false --advertise-address=172.31.7.100 --audit-log-maxsize=100 --cloud-provider= --etcd-keyfile=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kube-node-key.pem --etcd-prefix=/registry --kubelet-preferred-address-types=InternalIP,ExternalIP,Hostname --tls-cipher-suites=TLS_ECDHE_ECDSA_WITH_AES_128_GCM_SHA256,TLS_ECDHE_ECDSA_WITH_AES_256_GCM_SHA384,TLS_ECDHE_ECDSA_WITH_CHACHA20_POLY1305,TLS_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_AES_128_GCM_SHA256,TLS_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_AES_256_GCM_SHA384,TLS_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_CHACHA20_POLY1305 --kubelet-client-key=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kube-apiserver-key.pem --requestheader-username-headers=X-Remote-User --requestheader-extra-headers-prefix=X-Remote-Extra- --requestheader-group-headers=X-Remote-Group --audit-policy-file=/etc/kubernetes/audit-policy.yaml --etcd-certfile=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kube-node.pem --kubelet-client-certificate=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kube-apiserver.pem --service-account-signing-key-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kube-service-account-token-key.pem --storage-backend=etcd3 --service-node-port-range=30000-32767 --bind-address=0.0.0.0 --api-audiences=unknown --tls-cert-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kube-apiserver.pem --runtime-config=policy/v1beta1/podsecuritypolicy=true --allow-privileged=true --enable-admission-plugins=NamespaceLifecycle,LimitRanger,ServiceAccount,DefaultStorageClass,DefaultTolerationSeconds,MutatingAdmissionWebhook,ValidatingAdmissionWebhook,ResourceQuota,NodeRestriction,Priority,TaintNodesByCondition,PersistentVolumeClaimResize,PodSecurityPolicy,EventRateLimit --service-account-issuer=rke --requestheader-allowed-names=kube-apiserver-proxy-client --proxy-client-cert-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kube-apiserver-proxy-client.pem --service-account-key-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kube-service-account-token-key.pem --audit-log-path=/var/log/kube-audit/audit-log.json --audit-log-format=json --authorization-mode=Node,RBAC --etcd-servers=https://172.31.7.100:2379 --service-account-lookup=true --secure-port=6443 --tls-private-key-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kube-apiserver-key.pem --authentication-token-webhook-config-file=/etc/kubernetes/kube-api-authn-webhook.yaml --encryption-provider-config=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/encryption.yaml --kubelet-certificate-authority=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kube-ca.pem --audit-log-maxage=30 --admission-control-config-file=/etc/kubernetes/admission.yaml --etcd-cafile=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kube-ca.pem --proxy-client-key-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kube-apiserver-proxy-client-key.pem --audit-log-maxbackup=10 --client-ca-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kube-ca.pem --requestheader-client-ca-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kube-apiserver-requestheader-ca.pem --authentication-token-webhook-cache-ttl=5s1.2.15 Ensure that the admission control plugin NamespaceLifecycle is set (Automated)
Result: pass
Remediation: Edit the API server pod specification file /etc/kubernetes/manifests/kube-apiserver.yaml on the control plane node and set the --disable-admission-plugins parameter to ensure it does not include NamespaceLifecycle.
Audit:
/bin/ps -ef | grep kube-apiserver | grep -v grepExpected Result:
'--disable-admission-plugins' is present OR '--disable-admission-plugins' is not presentReturned Value:
root 3528 3509 7 Sep11 ? 01:24:09 kube-apiserver --service-cluster-ip-range=10.43.0.0/16 --anonymous-auth=false --profiling=false --advertise-address=172.31.7.100 --audit-log-maxsize=100 --cloud-provider= --etcd-keyfile=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kube-node-key.pem --etcd-prefix=/registry --kubelet-preferred-address-types=InternalIP,ExternalIP,Hostname --tls-cipher-suites=TLS_ECDHE_ECDSA_WITH_AES_128_GCM_SHA256,TLS_ECDHE_ECDSA_WITH_AES_256_GCM_SHA384,TLS_ECDHE_ECDSA_WITH_CHACHA20_POLY1305,TLS_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_AES_128_GCM_SHA256,TLS_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_AES_256_GCM_SHA384,TLS_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_CHACHA20_POLY1305 --kubelet-client-key=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kube-apiserver-key.pem --requestheader-username-headers=X-Remote-User --requestheader-extra-headers-prefix=X-Remote-Extra- --requestheader-group-headers=X-Remote-Group --audit-policy-file=/etc/kubernetes/audit-policy.yaml --etcd-certfile=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kube-node.pem --kubelet-client-certificate=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kube-apiserver.pem --service-account-signing-key-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kube-service-account-token-key.pem --storage-backend=etcd3 --service-node-port-range=30000-32767 --bind-address=0.0.0.0 --api-audiences=unknown --tls-cert-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kube-apiserver.pem --runtime-config=policy/v1beta1/podsecuritypolicy=true --allow-privileged=true --enable-admission-plugins=NamespaceLifecycle,LimitRanger,ServiceAccount,DefaultStorageClass,DefaultTolerationSeconds,MutatingAdmissionWebhook,ValidatingAdmissionWebhook,ResourceQuota,NodeRestriction,Priority,TaintNodesByCondition,PersistentVolumeClaimResize,PodSecurityPolicy,EventRateLimit --service-account-issuer=rke --requestheader-allowed-names=kube-apiserver-proxy-client --proxy-client-cert-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kube-apiserver-proxy-client.pem --service-account-key-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kube-service-account-token-key.pem --audit-log-path=/var/log/kube-audit/audit-log.json --audit-log-format=json --authorization-mode=Node,RBAC --etcd-servers=https://172.31.7.100:2379 --service-account-lookup=true --secure-port=6443 --tls-private-key-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kube-apiserver-key.pem --authentication-token-webhook-config-file=/etc/kubernetes/kube-api-authn-webhook.yaml --encryption-provider-config=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/encryption.yaml --kubelet-certificate-authority=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kube-ca.pem --audit-log-maxage=30 --admission-control-config-file=/etc/kubernetes/admission.yaml --etcd-cafile=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kube-ca.pem --proxy-client-key-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kube-apiserver-proxy-client-key.pem --audit-log-maxbackup=10 --client-ca-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kube-ca.pem --requestheader-client-ca-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kube-apiserver-requestheader-ca.pem --authentication-token-webhook-cache-ttl=5s1.2.16 Ensure that the admission control plugin NodeRestriction is set (Automated)
Result: pass
Remediation: Follow the Kubernetes documentation and configure NodeRestriction plug-in on kubelets. Then, edit the API server pod specification file /etc/kubernetes/manifests/kube-apiserver.yaml on the control plane node and set the --enable-admission-plugins parameter to a value that includes NodeRestriction. --enable-admission-plugins=…,NodeRestriction,…
Audit:
/bin/ps -ef | grep kube-apiserver | grep -v grepExpected Result:
'--enable-admission-plugins' has 'NodeRestriction'Returned Value:
root 3528 3509 7 Sep11 ? 01:24:09 kube-apiserver --service-cluster-ip-range=10.43.0.0/16 --anonymous-auth=false --profiling=false --advertise-address=172.31.7.100 --audit-log-maxsize=100 --cloud-provider= --etcd-keyfile=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kube-node-key.pem --etcd-prefix=/registry --kubelet-preferred-address-types=InternalIP,ExternalIP,Hostname --tls-cipher-suites=TLS_ECDHE_ECDSA_WITH_AES_128_GCM_SHA256,TLS_ECDHE_ECDSA_WITH_AES_256_GCM_SHA384,TLS_ECDHE_ECDSA_WITH_CHACHA20_POLY1305,TLS_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_AES_128_GCM_SHA256,TLS_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_AES_256_GCM_SHA384,TLS_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_CHACHA20_POLY1305 --kubelet-client-key=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kube-apiserver-key.pem --requestheader-username-headers=X-Remote-User --requestheader-extra-headers-prefix=X-Remote-Extra- --requestheader-group-headers=X-Remote-Group --audit-policy-file=/etc/kubernetes/audit-policy.yaml --etcd-certfile=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kube-node.pem --kubelet-client-certificate=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kube-apiserver.pem --service-account-signing-key-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kube-service-account-token-key.pem --storage-backend=etcd3 --service-node-port-range=30000-32767 --bind-address=0.0.0.0 --api-audiences=unknown --tls-cert-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kube-apiserver.pem --runtime-config=policy/v1beta1/podsecuritypolicy=true --allow-privileged=true --enable-admission-plugins=NamespaceLifecycle,LimitRanger,ServiceAccount,DefaultStorageClass,DefaultTolerationSeconds,MutatingAdmissionWebhook,ValidatingAdmissionWebhook,ResourceQuota,NodeRestriction,Priority,TaintNodesByCondition,PersistentVolumeClaimResize,PodSecurityPolicy,EventRateLimit --service-account-issuer=rke --requestheader-allowed-names=kube-apiserver-proxy-client --proxy-client-cert-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kube-apiserver-proxy-client.pem --service-account-key-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kube-service-account-token-key.pem --audit-log-path=/var/log/kube-audit/audit-log.json --audit-log-format=json --authorization-mode=Node,RBAC --etcd-servers=https://172.31.7.100:2379 --service-account-lookup=true --secure-port=6443 --tls-private-key-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kube-apiserver-key.pem --authentication-token-webhook-config-file=/etc/kubernetes/kube-api-authn-webhook.yaml --encryption-provider-config=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/encryption.yaml --kubelet-certificate-authority=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kube-ca.pem --audit-log-maxage=30 --admission-control-config-file=/etc/kubernetes/admission.yaml --etcd-cafile=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kube-ca.pem --proxy-client-key-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kube-apiserver-proxy-client-key.pem --audit-log-maxbackup=10 --client-ca-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kube-ca.pem --requestheader-client-ca-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kube-apiserver-requestheader-ca.pem --authentication-token-webhook-cache-ttl=5s1.2.17 Ensure that the --secure-port argument is not set to 0 (Automated)
Result: pass
Remediation: Edit the API server pod specification file /etc/kubernetes/manifests/kube-apiserver.yaml on the control plane node and either remove the --secure-port parameter or set it to a different (non-zero) desired port.
Audit:
/bin/ps -ef | grep kube-apiserver | grep -v grepExpected Result:
'--secure-port' is greater than 0 OR '--secure-port' is not presentReturned Value:
root 3528 3509 7 Sep11 ? 01:24:09 kube-apiserver --service-cluster-ip-range=10.43.0.0/16 --anonymous-auth=false --profiling=false --advertise-address=172.31.7.100 --audit-log-maxsize=100 --cloud-provider= --etcd-keyfile=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kube-node-key.pem --etcd-prefix=/registry --kubelet-preferred-address-types=InternalIP,ExternalIP,Hostname --tls-cipher-suites=TLS_ECDHE_ECDSA_WITH_AES_128_GCM_SHA256,TLS_ECDHE_ECDSA_WITH_AES_256_GCM_SHA384,TLS_ECDHE_ECDSA_WITH_CHACHA20_POLY1305,TLS_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_AES_128_GCM_SHA256,TLS_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_AES_256_GCM_SHA384,TLS_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_CHACHA20_POLY1305 --kubelet-client-key=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kube-apiserver-key.pem --requestheader-username-headers=X-Remote-User --requestheader-extra-headers-prefix=X-Remote-Extra- --requestheader-group-headers=X-Remote-Group --audit-policy-file=/etc/kubernetes/audit-policy.yaml --etcd-certfile=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kube-node.pem --kubelet-client-certificate=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kube-apiserver.pem --service-account-signing-key-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kube-service-account-token-key.pem --storage-backend=etcd3 --service-node-port-range=30000-32767 --bind-address=0.0.0.0 --api-audiences=unknown --tls-cert-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kube-apiserver.pem --runtime-config=policy/v1beta1/podsecuritypolicy=true --allow-privileged=true --enable-admission-plugins=NamespaceLifecycle,LimitRanger,ServiceAccount,DefaultStorageClass,DefaultTolerationSeconds,MutatingAdmissionWebhook,ValidatingAdmissionWebhook,ResourceQuota,NodeRestriction,Priority,TaintNodesByCondition,PersistentVolumeClaimResize,PodSecurityPolicy,EventRateLimit --service-account-issuer=rke --requestheader-allowed-names=kube-apiserver-proxy-client --proxy-client-cert-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kube-apiserver-proxy-client.pem --service-account-key-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kube-service-account-token-key.pem --audit-log-path=/var/log/kube-audit/audit-log.json --audit-log-format=json --authorization-mode=Node,RBAC --etcd-servers=https://172.31.7.100:2379 --service-account-lookup=true --secure-port=6443 --tls-private-key-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kube-apiserver-key.pem --authentication-token-webhook-config-file=/etc/kubernetes/kube-api-authn-webhook.yaml --encryption-provider-config=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/encryption.yaml --kubelet-certificate-authority=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kube-ca.pem --audit-log-maxage=30 --admission-control-config-file=/etc/kubernetes/admission.yaml --etcd-cafile=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kube-ca.pem --proxy-client-key-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kube-apiserver-proxy-client-key.pem --audit-log-maxbackup=10 --client-ca-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kube-ca.pem --requestheader-client-ca-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kube-apiserver-requestheader-ca.pem --authentication-token-webhook-cache-ttl=5s1.2.18 Ensure that the --profiling argument is set to false (Automated)
Result: pass
Remediation: Edit the API server pod specification file /etc/kubernetes/manifests/kube-apiserver.yaml on the control plane node and set the below parameter. --profiling=false
Audit:
/bin/ps -ef | grep kube-apiserver | grep -v grepExpected Result:
'--profiling' is equal to 'false'Returned Value:
root 3528 3509 7 Sep11 ? 01:24:09 kube-apiserver --service-cluster-ip-range=10.43.0.0/16 --anonymous-auth=false --profiling=false --advertise-address=172.31.7.100 --audit-log-maxsize=100 --cloud-provider= --etcd-keyfile=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kube-node-key.pem --etcd-prefix=/registry --kubelet-preferred-address-types=InternalIP,ExternalIP,Hostname --tls-cipher-suites=TLS_ECDHE_ECDSA_WITH_AES_128_GCM_SHA256,TLS_ECDHE_ECDSA_WITH_AES_256_GCM_SHA384,TLS_ECDHE_ECDSA_WITH_CHACHA20_POLY1305,TLS_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_AES_128_GCM_SHA256,TLS_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_AES_256_GCM_SHA384,TLS_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_CHACHA20_POLY1305 --kubelet-client-key=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kube-apiserver-key.pem --requestheader-username-headers=X-Remote-User --requestheader-extra-headers-prefix=X-Remote-Extra- --requestheader-group-headers=X-Remote-Group --audit-policy-file=/etc/kubernetes/audit-policy.yaml --etcd-certfile=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kube-node.pem --kubelet-client-certificate=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kube-apiserver.pem --service-account-signing-key-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kube-service-account-token-key.pem --storage-backend=etcd3 --service-node-port-range=30000-32767 --bind-address=0.0.0.0 --api-audiences=unknown --tls-cert-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kube-apiserver.pem --runtime-config=policy/v1beta1/podsecuritypolicy=true --allow-privileged=true --enable-admission-plugins=NamespaceLifecycle,LimitRanger,ServiceAccount,DefaultStorageClass,DefaultTolerationSeconds,MutatingAdmissionWebhook,ValidatingAdmissionWebhook,ResourceQuota,NodeRestriction,Priority,TaintNodesByCondition,PersistentVolumeClaimResize,PodSecurityPolicy,EventRateLimit --service-account-issuer=rke --requestheader-allowed-names=kube-apiserver-proxy-client --proxy-client-cert-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kube-apiserver-proxy-client.pem --service-account-key-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kube-service-account-token-key.pem --audit-log-path=/var/log/kube-audit/audit-log.json --audit-log-format=json --authorization-mode=Node,RBAC --etcd-servers=https://172.31.7.100:2379 --service-account-lookup=true --secure-port=6443 --tls-private-key-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kube-apiserver-key.pem --authentication-token-webhook-config-file=/etc/kubernetes/kube-api-authn-webhook.yaml --encryption-provider-config=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/encryption.yaml --kubelet-certificate-authority=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kube-ca.pem --audit-log-maxage=30 --admission-control-config-file=/etc/kubernetes/admission.yaml --etcd-cafile=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kube-ca.pem --proxy-client-key-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kube-apiserver-proxy-client-key.pem --audit-log-maxbackup=10 --client-ca-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kube-ca.pem --requestheader-client-ca-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kube-apiserver-requestheader-ca.pem --authentication-token-webhook-cache-ttl=5s1.2.19 Ensure that the --audit-log-path argument is set (Automated)
Result: pass
Remediation: Edit the API server pod specification file /etc/kubernetes/manifests/kube-apiserver.yaml on the control plane node and set the --audit-log-path parameter to a suitable path and file where you would like audit logs to be written, for example, --audit-log-path=/var/log/apiserver/audit.log
Audit:
/bin/ps -ef | grep kube-apiserver | grep -v grepExpected Result:
'--audit-log-path' is presentReturned Value:
root 3528 3509 7 Sep11 ? 01:24:09 kube-apiserver --service-cluster-ip-range=10.43.0.0/16 --anonymous-auth=false --profiling=false --advertise-address=172.31.7.100 --audit-log-maxsize=100 --cloud-provider= --etcd-keyfile=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kube-node-key.pem --etcd-prefix=/registry --kubelet-preferred-address-types=InternalIP,ExternalIP,Hostname --tls-cipher-suites=TLS_ECDHE_ECDSA_WITH_AES_128_GCM_SHA256,TLS_ECDHE_ECDSA_WITH_AES_256_GCM_SHA384,TLS_ECDHE_ECDSA_WITH_CHACHA20_POLY1305,TLS_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_AES_128_GCM_SHA256,TLS_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_AES_256_GCM_SHA384,TLS_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_CHACHA20_POLY1305 --kubelet-client-key=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kube-apiserver-key.pem --requestheader-username-headers=X-Remote-User --requestheader-extra-headers-prefix=X-Remote-Extra- --requestheader-group-headers=X-Remote-Group --audit-policy-file=/etc/kubernetes/audit-policy.yaml --etcd-certfile=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kube-node.pem --kubelet-client-certificate=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kube-apiserver.pem --service-account-signing-key-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kube-service-account-token-key.pem --storage-backend=etcd3 --service-node-port-range=30000-32767 --bind-address=0.0.0.0 --api-audiences=unknown --tls-cert-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kube-apiserver.pem --runtime-config=policy/v1beta1/podsecuritypolicy=true --allow-privileged=true --enable-admission-plugins=NamespaceLifecycle,LimitRanger,ServiceAccount,DefaultStorageClass,DefaultTolerationSeconds,MutatingAdmissionWebhook,ValidatingAdmissionWebhook,ResourceQuota,NodeRestriction,Priority,TaintNodesByCondition,PersistentVolumeClaimResize,PodSecurityPolicy,EventRateLimit --service-account-issuer=rke --requestheader-allowed-names=kube-apiserver-proxy-client --proxy-client-cert-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kube-apiserver-proxy-client.pem --service-account-key-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kube-service-account-token-key.pem --audit-log-path=/var/log/kube-audit/audit-log.json --audit-log-format=json --authorization-mode=Node,RBAC --etcd-servers=https://172.31.7.100:2379 --service-account-lookup=true --secure-port=6443 --tls-private-key-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kube-apiserver-key.pem --authentication-token-webhook-config-file=/etc/kubernetes/kube-api-authn-webhook.yaml --encryption-provider-config=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/encryption.yaml --kubelet-certificate-authority=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kube-ca.pem --audit-log-maxage=30 --admission-control-config-file=/etc/kubernetes/admission.yaml --etcd-cafile=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kube-ca.pem --proxy-client-key-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kube-apiserver-proxy-client-key.pem --audit-log-maxbackup=10 --client-ca-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kube-ca.pem --requestheader-client-ca-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kube-apiserver-requestheader-ca.pem --authentication-token-webhook-cache-ttl=5s1.2.20 Ensure that the --audit-log-maxage argument is set to 30 or as appropriate (Automated)
Result: pass
Remediation: Edit the API server pod specification file /etc/kubernetes/manifests/kube-apiserver.yaml on the control plane node and set the --audit-log-maxage parameter to 30 or as an appropriate number of days, for example, --audit-log-maxage=30
Audit:
/bin/ps -ef | grep kube-apiserver | grep -v grepExpected Result:
'--audit-log-maxage' is greater or equal to 30Returned Value:
root 3528 3509 7 Sep11 ? 01:24:09 kube-apiserver --service-cluster-ip-range=10.43.0.0/16 --anonymous-auth=false --profiling=false --advertise-address=172.31.7.100 --audit-log-maxsize=100 --cloud-provider= --etcd-keyfile=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kube-node-key.pem --etcd-prefix=/registry --kubelet-preferred-address-types=InternalIP,ExternalIP,Hostname --tls-cipher-suites=TLS_ECDHE_ECDSA_WITH_AES_128_GCM_SHA256,TLS_ECDHE_ECDSA_WITH_AES_256_GCM_SHA384,TLS_ECDHE_ECDSA_WITH_CHACHA20_POLY1305,TLS_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_AES_128_GCM_SHA256,TLS_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_AES_256_GCM_SHA384,TLS_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_CHACHA20_POLY1305 --kubelet-client-key=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kube-apiserver-key.pem --requestheader-username-headers=X-Remote-User --requestheader-extra-headers-prefix=X-Remote-Extra- --requestheader-group-headers=X-Remote-Group --audit-policy-file=/etc/kubernetes/audit-policy.yaml --etcd-certfile=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kube-node.pem --kubelet-client-certificate=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kube-apiserver.pem --service-account-signing-key-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kube-service-account-token-key.pem --storage-backend=etcd3 --service-node-port-range=30000-32767 --bind-address=0.0.0.0 --api-audiences=unknown --tls-cert-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kube-apiserver.pem --runtime-config=policy/v1beta1/podsecuritypolicy=true --allow-privileged=true --enable-admission-plugins=NamespaceLifecycle,LimitRanger,ServiceAccount,DefaultStorageClass,DefaultTolerationSeconds,MutatingAdmissionWebhook,ValidatingAdmissionWebhook,ResourceQuota,NodeRestriction,Priority,TaintNodesByCondition,PersistentVolumeClaimResize,PodSecurityPolicy,EventRateLimit --service-account-issuer=rke --requestheader-allowed-names=kube-apiserver-proxy-client --proxy-client-cert-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kube-apiserver-proxy-client.pem --service-account-key-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kube-service-account-token-key.pem --audit-log-path=/var/log/kube-audit/audit-log.json --audit-log-format=json --authorization-mode=Node,RBAC --etcd-servers=https://172.31.7.100:2379 --service-account-lookup=true --secure-port=6443 --tls-private-key-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kube-apiserver-key.pem --authentication-token-webhook-config-file=/etc/kubernetes/kube-api-authn-webhook.yaml --encryption-provider-config=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/encryption.yaml --kubelet-certificate-authority=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kube-ca.pem --audit-log-maxage=30 --admission-control-config-file=/etc/kubernetes/admission.yaml --etcd-cafile=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kube-ca.pem --proxy-client-key-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kube-apiserver-proxy-client-key.pem --audit-log-maxbackup=10 --client-ca-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kube-ca.pem --requestheader-client-ca-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kube-apiserver-requestheader-ca.pem --authentication-token-webhook-cache-ttl=5s1.2.21 Ensure that the --audit-log-maxbackup argument is set to 10 or as appropriate (Automated)
Result: pass
Remediation: Edit the API server pod specification file /etc/kubernetes/manifests/kube-apiserver.yaml on the control plane node and set the --audit-log-maxbackup parameter to 10 or to an appropriate value. For example, --audit-log-maxbackup=10
Audit:
/bin/ps -ef | grep kube-apiserver | grep -v grepExpected Result:
'--audit-log-maxbackup' is greater or equal to 10Returned Value:
root 3528 3509 7 Sep11 ? 01:24:09 kube-apiserver --service-cluster-ip-range=10.43.0.0/16 --anonymous-auth=false --profiling=false --advertise-address=172.31.7.100 --audit-log-maxsize=100 --cloud-provider= --etcd-keyfile=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kube-node-key.pem --etcd-prefix=/registry --kubelet-preferred-address-types=InternalIP,ExternalIP,Hostname --tls-cipher-suites=TLS_ECDHE_ECDSA_WITH_AES_128_GCM_SHA256,TLS_ECDHE_ECDSA_WITH_AES_256_GCM_SHA384,TLS_ECDHE_ECDSA_WITH_CHACHA20_POLY1305,TLS_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_AES_128_GCM_SHA256,TLS_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_AES_256_GCM_SHA384,TLS_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_CHACHA20_POLY1305 --kubelet-client-key=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kube-apiserver-key.pem --requestheader-username-headers=X-Remote-User --requestheader-extra-headers-prefix=X-Remote-Extra- --requestheader-group-headers=X-Remote-Group --audit-policy-file=/etc/kubernetes/audit-policy.yaml --etcd-certfile=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kube-node.pem --kubelet-client-certificate=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kube-apiserver.pem --service-account-signing-key-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kube-service-account-token-key.pem --storage-backend=etcd3 --service-node-port-range=30000-32767 --bind-address=0.0.0.0 --api-audiences=unknown --tls-cert-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kube-apiserver.pem --runtime-config=policy/v1beta1/podsecuritypolicy=true --allow-privileged=true --enable-admission-plugins=NamespaceLifecycle,LimitRanger,ServiceAccount,DefaultStorageClass,DefaultTolerationSeconds,MutatingAdmissionWebhook,ValidatingAdmissionWebhook,ResourceQuota,NodeRestriction,Priority,TaintNodesByCondition,PersistentVolumeClaimResize,PodSecurityPolicy,EventRateLimit --service-account-issuer=rke --requestheader-allowed-names=kube-apiserver-proxy-client --proxy-client-cert-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kube-apiserver-proxy-client.pem --service-account-key-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kube-service-account-token-key.pem --audit-log-path=/var/log/kube-audit/audit-log.json --audit-log-format=json --authorization-mode=Node,RBAC --etcd-servers=https://172.31.7.100:2379 --service-account-lookup=true --secure-port=6443 --tls-private-key-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kube-apiserver-key.pem --authentication-token-webhook-config-file=/etc/kubernetes/kube-api-authn-webhook.yaml --encryption-provider-config=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/encryption.yaml --kubelet-certificate-authority=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kube-ca.pem --audit-log-maxage=30 --admission-control-config-file=/etc/kubernetes/admission.yaml --etcd-cafile=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kube-ca.pem --proxy-client-key-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kube-apiserver-proxy-client-key.pem --audit-log-maxbackup=10 --client-ca-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kube-ca.pem --requestheader-client-ca-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kube-apiserver-requestheader-ca.pem --authentication-token-webhook-cache-ttl=5s1.2.22 Ensure that the --audit-log-maxsize argument is set to 100 or as appropriate (Automated)
Result: pass
Remediation: Edit the API server pod specification file /etc/kubernetes/manifests/kube-apiserver.yaml on the control plane node and set the --audit-log-maxsize parameter to an appropriate size in MB. For example, to set it as 100 MB, --audit-log-maxsize=100
Audit:
/bin/ps -ef | grep kube-apiserver | grep -v grepExpected Result:
'--audit-log-maxsize' is greater or equal to 100Returned Value:
root 3528 3509 7 Sep11 ? 01:24:09 kube-apiserver --service-cluster-ip-range=10.43.0.0/16 --anonymous-auth=false --profiling=false --advertise-address=172.31.7.100 --audit-log-maxsize=100 --cloud-provider= --etcd-keyfile=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kube-node-key.pem --etcd-prefix=/registry --kubelet-preferred-address-types=InternalIP,ExternalIP,Hostname --tls-cipher-suites=TLS_ECDHE_ECDSA_WITH_AES_128_GCM_SHA256,TLS_ECDHE_ECDSA_WITH_AES_256_GCM_SHA384,TLS_ECDHE_ECDSA_WITH_CHACHA20_POLY1305,TLS_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_AES_128_GCM_SHA256,TLS_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_AES_256_GCM_SHA384,TLS_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_CHACHA20_POLY1305 --kubelet-client-key=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kube-apiserver-key.pem --requestheader-username-headers=X-Remote-User --requestheader-extra-headers-prefix=X-Remote-Extra- --requestheader-group-headers=X-Remote-Group --audit-policy-file=/etc/kubernetes/audit-policy.yaml --etcd-certfile=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kube-node.pem --kubelet-client-certificate=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kube-apiserver.pem --service-account-signing-key-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kube-service-account-token-key.pem --storage-backend=etcd3 --service-node-port-range=30000-32767 --bind-address=0.0.0.0 --api-audiences=unknown --tls-cert-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kube-apiserver.pem --runtime-config=policy/v1beta1/podsecuritypolicy=true --allow-privileged=true --enable-admission-plugins=NamespaceLifecycle,LimitRanger,ServiceAccount,DefaultStorageClass,DefaultTolerationSeconds,MutatingAdmissionWebhook,ValidatingAdmissionWebhook,ResourceQuota,NodeRestriction,Priority,TaintNodesByCondition,PersistentVolumeClaimResize,PodSecurityPolicy,EventRateLimit --service-account-issuer=rke --requestheader-allowed-names=kube-apiserver-proxy-client --proxy-client-cert-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kube-apiserver-proxy-client.pem --service-account-key-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kube-service-account-token-key.pem --audit-log-path=/var/log/kube-audit/audit-log.json --audit-log-format=json --authorization-mode=Node,RBAC --etcd-servers=https://172.31.7.100:2379 --service-account-lookup=true --secure-port=6443 --tls-private-key-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kube-apiserver-key.pem --authentication-token-webhook-config-file=/etc/kubernetes/kube-api-authn-webhook.yaml --encryption-provider-config=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/encryption.yaml --kubelet-certificate-authority=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kube-ca.pem --audit-log-maxage=30 --admission-control-config-file=/etc/kubernetes/admission.yaml --etcd-cafile=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kube-ca.pem --proxy-client-key-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kube-apiserver-proxy-client-key.pem --audit-log-maxbackup=10 --client-ca-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kube-ca.pem --requestheader-client-ca-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kube-apiserver-requestheader-ca.pem --authentication-token-webhook-cache-ttl=5s1.2.24 Ensure that the --service-account-lookup argument is set to true (Automated)
Result: pass
Remediation: Edit the API server pod specification file /etc/kubernetes/manifests/kube-apiserver.yaml on the control plane node and set the below parameter. --service-account-lookup=true Alternatively, you can delete the --service-account-lookup parameter from this file so that the default takes effect.
Audit:
/bin/ps -ef | grep kube-apiserver | grep -v grepExpected Result:
'--service-account-lookup' is not present OR '--service-account-lookup' is equal to 'true'Returned Value:
root 3528 3509 7 Sep11 ? 01:24:09 kube-apiserver --service-cluster-ip-range=10.43.0.0/16 --anonymous-auth=false --profiling=false --advertise-address=172.31.7.100 --audit-log-maxsize=100 --cloud-provider= --etcd-keyfile=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kube-node-key.pem --etcd-prefix=/registry --kubelet-preferred-address-types=InternalIP,ExternalIP,Hostname --tls-cipher-suites=TLS_ECDHE_ECDSA_WITH_AES_128_GCM_SHA256,TLS_ECDHE_ECDSA_WITH_AES_256_GCM_SHA384,TLS_ECDHE_ECDSA_WITH_CHACHA20_POLY1305,TLS_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_AES_128_GCM_SHA256,TLS_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_AES_256_GCM_SHA384,TLS_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_CHACHA20_POLY1305 --kubelet-client-key=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kube-apiserver-key.pem --requestheader-username-headers=X-Remote-User --requestheader-extra-headers-prefix=X-Remote-Extra- --requestheader-group-headers=X-Remote-Group --audit-policy-file=/etc/kubernetes/audit-policy.yaml --etcd-certfile=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kube-node.pem --kubelet-client-certificate=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kube-apiserver.pem --service-account-signing-key-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kube-service-account-token-key.pem --storage-backend=etcd3 --service-node-port-range=30000-32767 --bind-address=0.0.0.0 --api-audiences=unknown --tls-cert-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kube-apiserver.pem --runtime-config=policy/v1beta1/podsecuritypolicy=true --allow-privileged=true --enable-admission-plugins=NamespaceLifecycle,LimitRanger,ServiceAccount,DefaultStorageClass,DefaultTolerationSeconds,MutatingAdmissionWebhook,ValidatingAdmissionWebhook,ResourceQuota,NodeRestriction,Priority,TaintNodesByCondition,PersistentVolumeClaimResize,PodSecurityPolicy,EventRateLimit --service-account-issuer=rke --requestheader-allowed-names=kube-apiserver-proxy-client --proxy-client-cert-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kube-apiserver-proxy-client.pem --service-account-key-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kube-service-account-token-key.pem --audit-log-path=/var/log/kube-audit/audit-log.json --audit-log-format=json --authorization-mode=Node,RBAC --etcd-servers=https://172.31.7.100:2379 --service-account-lookup=true --secure-port=6443 --tls-private-key-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kube-apiserver-key.pem --authentication-token-webhook-config-file=/etc/kubernetes/kube-api-authn-webhook.yaml --encryption-provider-config=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/encryption.yaml --kubelet-certificate-authority=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kube-ca.pem --audit-log-maxage=30 --admission-control-config-file=/etc/kubernetes/admission.yaml --etcd-cafile=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kube-ca.pem --proxy-client-key-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kube-apiserver-proxy-client-key.pem --audit-log-maxbackup=10 --client-ca-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kube-ca.pem --requestheader-client-ca-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kube-apiserver-requestheader-ca.pem --authentication-token-webhook-cache-ttl=5s1.2.25 Ensure that the --request-timeout argument is set as appropriate (Automated)
Result: pass
Remediation: Edit the API server pod specification file /etc/kubernetes/manifests/kube-apiserver.yaml on the control plane node and set the --service-account-key-file parameter to the public key file for service accounts. For example, --service-account-key-file=<filename>
Audit:
/bin/ps -ef | grep kube-apiserver | grep -v grepExpected Result:
'--service-account-key-file' is presentReturned Value:
root 3528 3509 7 Sep11 ? 01:24:09 kube-apiserver --service-cluster-ip-range=10.43.0.0/16 --anonymous-auth=false --profiling=false --advertise-address=172.31.7.100 --audit-log-maxsize=100 --cloud-provider= --etcd-keyfile=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kube-node-key.pem --etcd-prefix=/registry --kubelet-preferred-address-types=InternalIP,ExternalIP,Hostname --tls-cipher-suites=TLS_ECDHE_ECDSA_WITH_AES_128_GCM_SHA256,TLS_ECDHE_ECDSA_WITH_AES_256_GCM_SHA384,TLS_ECDHE_ECDSA_WITH_CHACHA20_POLY1305,TLS_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_AES_128_GCM_SHA256,TLS_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_AES_256_GCM_SHA384,TLS_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_CHACHA20_POLY1305 --kubelet-client-key=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kube-apiserver-key.pem --requestheader-username-headers=X-Remote-User --requestheader-extra-headers-prefix=X-Remote-Extra- --requestheader-group-headers=X-Remote-Group --audit-policy-file=/etc/kubernetes/audit-policy.yaml --etcd-certfile=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kube-node.pem --kubelet-client-certificate=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kube-apiserver.pem --service-account-signing-key-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kube-service-account-token-key.pem --storage-backend=etcd3 --service-node-port-range=30000-32767 --bind-address=0.0.0.0 --api-audiences=unknown --tls-cert-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kube-apiserver.pem --runtime-config=policy/v1beta1/podsecuritypolicy=true --allow-privileged=true --enable-admission-plugins=NamespaceLifecycle,LimitRanger,ServiceAccount,DefaultStorageClass,DefaultTolerationSeconds,MutatingAdmissionWebhook,ValidatingAdmissionWebhook,ResourceQuota,NodeRestriction,Priority,TaintNodesByCondition,PersistentVolumeClaimResize,PodSecurityPolicy,EventRateLimit --service-account-issuer=rke --requestheader-allowed-names=kube-apiserver-proxy-client --proxy-client-cert-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kube-apiserver-proxy-client.pem --service-account-key-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kube-service-account-token-key.pem --audit-log-path=/var/log/kube-audit/audit-log.json --audit-log-format=json --authorization-mode=Node,RBAC --etcd-servers=https://172.31.7.100:2379 --service-account-lookup=true --secure-port=6443 --tls-private-key-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kube-apiserver-key.pem --authentication-token-webhook-config-file=/etc/kubernetes/kube-api-authn-webhook.yaml --encryption-provider-config=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/encryption.yaml --kubelet-certificate-authority=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kube-ca.pem --audit-log-maxage=30 --admission-control-config-file=/etc/kubernetes/admission.yaml --etcd-cafile=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kube-ca.pem --proxy-client-key-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kube-apiserver-proxy-client-key.pem --audit-log-maxbackup=10 --client-ca-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kube-ca.pem --requestheader-client-ca-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kube-apiserver-requestheader-ca.pem --authentication-token-webhook-cache-ttl=5s1.2.26 Ensure that the --etcd-certfile and --etcd-keyfile arguments are set as appropriate (Automated)
Result: pass
Remediation: Follow the Kubernetes documentation and set up the TLS connection between the apiserver and etcd. Then, edit the API server pod specification file /etc/kubernetes/manifests/kube-apiserver.yaml on the control plane node and set the etcd certificate and key file parameters. --etcd-certfile=<path/to/client-certificate-file> --etcd-keyfile=<path/to/client-key-file>
Audit:
/bin/ps -ef | grep kube-apiserver | grep -v grepExpected Result:
'--etcd-certfile' is present AND '--etcd-keyfile' is presentReturned Value:
root 3528 3509 7 Sep11 ? 01:24:09 kube-apiserver --service-cluster-ip-range=10.43.0.0/16 --anonymous-auth=false --profiling=false --advertise-address=172.31.7.100 --audit-log-maxsize=100 --cloud-provider= --etcd-keyfile=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kube-node-key.pem --etcd-prefix=/registry --kubelet-preferred-address-types=InternalIP,ExternalIP,Hostname --tls-cipher-suites=TLS_ECDHE_ECDSA_WITH_AES_128_GCM_SHA256,TLS_ECDHE_ECDSA_WITH_AES_256_GCM_SHA384,TLS_ECDHE_ECDSA_WITH_CHACHA20_POLY1305,TLS_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_AES_128_GCM_SHA256,TLS_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_AES_256_GCM_SHA384,TLS_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_CHACHA20_POLY1305 --kubelet-client-key=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kube-apiserver-key.pem --requestheader-username-headers=X-Remote-User --requestheader-extra-headers-prefix=X-Remote-Extra- --requestheader-group-headers=X-Remote-Group --audit-policy-file=/etc/kubernetes/audit-policy.yaml --etcd-certfile=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kube-node.pem --kubelet-client-certificate=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kube-apiserver.pem --service-account-signing-key-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kube-service-account-token-key.pem --storage-backend=etcd3 --service-node-port-range=30000-32767 --bind-address=0.0.0.0 --api-audiences=unknown --tls-cert-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kube-apiserver.pem --runtime-config=policy/v1beta1/podsecuritypolicy=true --allow-privileged=true --enable-admission-plugins=NamespaceLifecycle,LimitRanger,ServiceAccount,DefaultStorageClass,DefaultTolerationSeconds,MutatingAdmissionWebhook,ValidatingAdmissionWebhook,ResourceQuota,NodeRestriction,Priority,TaintNodesByCondition,PersistentVolumeClaimResize,PodSecurityPolicy,EventRateLimit --service-account-issuer=rke --requestheader-allowed-names=kube-apiserver-proxy-client --proxy-client-cert-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kube-apiserver-proxy-client.pem --service-account-key-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kube-service-account-token-key.pem --audit-log-path=/var/log/kube-audit/audit-log.json --audit-log-format=json --authorization-mode=Node,RBAC --etcd-servers=https://172.31.7.100:2379 --service-account-lookup=true --secure-port=6443 --tls-private-key-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kube-apiserver-key.pem --authentication-token-webhook-config-file=/etc/kubernetes/kube-api-authn-webhook.yaml --encryption-provider-config=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/encryption.yaml --kubelet-certificate-authority=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kube-ca.pem --audit-log-maxage=30 --admission-control-config-file=/etc/kubernetes/admission.yaml --etcd-cafile=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kube-ca.pem --proxy-client-key-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kube-apiserver-proxy-client-key.pem --audit-log-maxbackup=10 --client-ca-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kube-ca.pem --requestheader-client-ca-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kube-apiserver-requestheader-ca.pem --authentication-token-webhook-cache-ttl=5s1.2.27 Ensure that the --tls-cert-file and --tls-private-key-file arguments are set as appropriate (Automated)
Result: pass
Remediation: Follow the Kubernetes documentation and set up the TLS connection on the apiserver. Then, edit the API server pod specification file /etc/kubernetes/manifests/kube-apiserver.yaml on the control plane node and set the TLS certificate and private key file parameters. --tls-cert-file=<path/to/tls-certificate-file> --tls-private-key-file=<path/to/tls-key-file>
Audit:
/bin/ps -ef | grep kube-apiserver | grep -v grepExpected Result:
'--tls-cert-file' is present AND '--tls-private-key-file' is presentReturned Value:
root 3528 3509 7 Sep11 ? 01:24:09 kube-apiserver --service-cluster-ip-range=10.43.0.0/16 --anonymous-auth=false --profiling=false --advertise-address=172.31.7.100 --audit-log-maxsize=100 --cloud-provider= --etcd-keyfile=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kube-node-key.pem --etcd-prefix=/registry --kubelet-preferred-address-types=InternalIP,ExternalIP,Hostname --tls-cipher-suites=TLS_ECDHE_ECDSA_WITH_AES_128_GCM_SHA256,TLS_ECDHE_ECDSA_WITH_AES_256_GCM_SHA384,TLS_ECDHE_ECDSA_WITH_CHACHA20_POLY1305,TLS_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_AES_128_GCM_SHA256,TLS_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_AES_256_GCM_SHA384,TLS_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_CHACHA20_POLY1305 --kubelet-client-key=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kube-apiserver-key.pem --requestheader-username-headers=X-Remote-User --requestheader-extra-headers-prefix=X-Remote-Extra- --requestheader-group-headers=X-Remote-Group --audit-policy-file=/etc/kubernetes/audit-policy.yaml --etcd-certfile=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kube-node.pem --kubelet-client-certificate=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kube-apiserver.pem --service-account-signing-key-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kube-service-account-token-key.pem --storage-backend=etcd3 --service-node-port-range=30000-32767 --bind-address=0.0.0.0 --api-audiences=unknown --tls-cert-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kube-apiserver.pem --runtime-config=policy/v1beta1/podsecuritypolicy=true --allow-privileged=true --enable-admission-plugins=NamespaceLifecycle,LimitRanger,ServiceAccount,DefaultStorageClass,DefaultTolerationSeconds,MutatingAdmissionWebhook,ValidatingAdmissionWebhook,ResourceQuota,NodeRestriction,Priority,TaintNodesByCondition,PersistentVolumeClaimResize,PodSecurityPolicy,EventRateLimit --service-account-issuer=rke --requestheader-allowed-names=kube-apiserver-proxy-client --proxy-client-cert-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kube-apiserver-proxy-client.pem --service-account-key-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kube-service-account-token-key.pem --audit-log-path=/var/log/kube-audit/audit-log.json --audit-log-format=json --authorization-mode=Node,RBAC --etcd-servers=https://172.31.7.100:2379 --service-account-lookup=true --secure-port=6443 --tls-private-key-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kube-apiserver-key.pem --authentication-token-webhook-config-file=/etc/kubernetes/kube-api-authn-webhook.yaml --encryption-provider-config=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/encryption.yaml --kubelet-certificate-authority=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kube-ca.pem --audit-log-maxage=30 --admission-control-config-file=/etc/kubernetes/admission.yaml --etcd-cafile=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kube-ca.pem --proxy-client-key-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kube-apiserver-proxy-client-key.pem --audit-log-maxbackup=10 --client-ca-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kube-ca.pem --requestheader-client-ca-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kube-apiserver-requestheader-ca.pem --authentication-token-webhook-cache-ttl=5s1.2.28 Ensure that the --client-ca-file argument is set as appropriate (Automated)
Result: pass
Remediation: Follow the Kubernetes documentation and set up the TLS connection on the apiserver. Then, edit the API server pod specification file /etc/kubernetes/manifests/kube-apiserver.yaml on the control plane node and set the client certificate authority file. --client-ca-file=<path/to/client-ca-file>
Audit:
/bin/ps -ef | grep kube-apiserver | grep -v grepExpected Result:
'--client-ca-file' is presentReturned Value:
root 3528 3509 7 Sep11 ? 01:24:09 kube-apiserver --service-cluster-ip-range=10.43.0.0/16 --anonymous-auth=false --profiling=false --advertise-address=172.31.7.100 --audit-log-maxsize=100 --cloud-provider= --etcd-keyfile=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kube-node-key.pem --etcd-prefix=/registry --kubelet-preferred-address-types=InternalIP,ExternalIP,Hostname --tls-cipher-suites=TLS_ECDHE_ECDSA_WITH_AES_128_GCM_SHA256,TLS_ECDHE_ECDSA_WITH_AES_256_GCM_SHA384,TLS_ECDHE_ECDSA_WITH_CHACHA20_POLY1305,TLS_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_AES_128_GCM_SHA256,TLS_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_AES_256_GCM_SHA384,TLS_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_CHACHA20_POLY1305 --kubelet-client-key=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kube-apiserver-key.pem --requestheader-username-headers=X-Remote-User --requestheader-extra-headers-prefix=X-Remote-Extra- --requestheader-group-headers=X-Remote-Group --audit-policy-file=/etc/kubernetes/audit-policy.yaml --etcd-certfile=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kube-node.pem --kubelet-client-certificate=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kube-apiserver.pem --service-account-signing-key-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kube-service-account-token-key.pem --storage-backend=etcd3 --service-node-port-range=30000-32767 --bind-address=0.0.0.0 --api-audiences=unknown --tls-cert-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kube-apiserver.pem --runtime-config=policy/v1beta1/podsecuritypolicy=true --allow-privileged=true --enable-admission-plugins=NamespaceLifecycle,LimitRanger,ServiceAccount,DefaultStorageClass,DefaultTolerationSeconds,MutatingAdmissionWebhook,ValidatingAdmissionWebhook,ResourceQuota,NodeRestriction,Priority,TaintNodesByCondition,PersistentVolumeClaimResize,PodSecurityPolicy,EventRateLimit --service-account-issuer=rke --requestheader-allowed-names=kube-apiserver-proxy-client --proxy-client-cert-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kube-apiserver-proxy-client.pem --service-account-key-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kube-service-account-token-key.pem --audit-log-path=/var/log/kube-audit/audit-log.json --audit-log-format=json --authorization-mode=Node,RBAC --etcd-servers=https://172.31.7.100:2379 --service-account-lookup=true --secure-port=6443 --tls-private-key-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kube-apiserver-key.pem --authentication-token-webhook-config-file=/etc/kubernetes/kube-api-authn-webhook.yaml --encryption-provider-config=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/encryption.yaml --kubelet-certificate-authority=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kube-ca.pem --audit-log-maxage=30 --admission-control-config-file=/etc/kubernetes/admission.yaml --etcd-cafile=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kube-ca.pem --proxy-client-key-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kube-apiserver-proxy-client-key.pem --audit-log-maxbackup=10 --client-ca-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kube-ca.pem --requestheader-client-ca-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kube-apiserver-requestheader-ca.pem --authentication-token-webhook-cache-ttl=5s1.2.29 Ensure that the --etcd-cafile argument is set as appropriate (Automated)
Result: pass
Remediation: Follow the Kubernetes documentation and set up the TLS connection between the apiserver and etcd. Then, edit the API server pod specification file /etc/kubernetes/manifests/kube-apiserver.yaml on the control plane node and set the etcd certificate authority file parameter. --etcd-cafile=<path/to/ca-file>
Audit:
/bin/ps -ef | grep kube-apiserver | grep -v grepExpected Result:
'--etcd-cafile' is presentReturned Value:
root 3528 3509 7 Sep11 ? 01:24:09 kube-apiserver --service-cluster-ip-range=10.43.0.0/16 --anonymous-auth=false --profiling=false --advertise-address=172.31.7.100 --audit-log-maxsize=100 --cloud-provider= --etcd-keyfile=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kube-node-key.pem --etcd-prefix=/registry --kubelet-preferred-address-types=InternalIP,ExternalIP,Hostname --tls-cipher-suites=TLS_ECDHE_ECDSA_WITH_AES_128_GCM_SHA256,TLS_ECDHE_ECDSA_WITH_AES_256_GCM_SHA384,TLS_ECDHE_ECDSA_WITH_CHACHA20_POLY1305,TLS_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_AES_128_GCM_SHA256,TLS_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_AES_256_GCM_SHA384,TLS_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_CHACHA20_POLY1305 --kubelet-client-key=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kube-apiserver-key.pem --requestheader-username-headers=X-Remote-User --requestheader-extra-headers-prefix=X-Remote-Extra- --requestheader-group-headers=X-Remote-Group --audit-policy-file=/etc/kubernetes/audit-policy.yaml --etcd-certfile=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kube-node.pem --kubelet-client-certificate=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kube-apiserver.pem --service-account-signing-key-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kube-service-account-token-key.pem --storage-backend=etcd3 --service-node-port-range=30000-32767 --bind-address=0.0.0.0 --api-audiences=unknown --tls-cert-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kube-apiserver.pem --runtime-config=policy/v1beta1/podsecuritypolicy=true --allow-privileged=true --enable-admission-plugins=NamespaceLifecycle,LimitRanger,ServiceAccount,DefaultStorageClass,DefaultTolerationSeconds,MutatingAdmissionWebhook,ValidatingAdmissionWebhook,ResourceQuota,NodeRestriction,Priority,TaintNodesByCondition,PersistentVolumeClaimResize,PodSecurityPolicy,EventRateLimit --service-account-issuer=rke --requestheader-allowed-names=kube-apiserver-proxy-client --proxy-client-cert-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kube-apiserver-proxy-client.pem --service-account-key-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kube-service-account-token-key.pem --audit-log-path=/var/log/kube-audit/audit-log.json --audit-log-format=json --authorization-mode=Node,RBAC --etcd-servers=https://172.31.7.100:2379 --service-account-lookup=true --secure-port=6443 --tls-private-key-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kube-apiserver-key.pem --authentication-token-webhook-config-file=/etc/kubernetes/kube-api-authn-webhook.yaml --encryption-provider-config=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/encryption.yaml --kubelet-certificate-authority=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kube-ca.pem --audit-log-maxage=30 --admission-control-config-file=/etc/kubernetes/admission.yaml --etcd-cafile=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kube-ca.pem --proxy-client-key-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kube-apiserver-proxy-client-key.pem --audit-log-maxbackup=10 --client-ca-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kube-ca.pem --requestheader-client-ca-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kube-apiserver-requestheader-ca.pem --authentication-token-webhook-cache-ttl=5s1.2.30 Ensure that the --encryption-provider-config argument is set as appropriate (Automated)
Result: pass
Remediation: Follow the Kubernetes documentation and configure a EncryptionConfig file. Then, edit the API server pod specification file /etc/kubernetes/manifests/kube-apiserver.yaml on the control plane node and set the --encryption-provider-config parameter to the path of that file. For example, --encryption-provider-config=</path/to/EncryptionConfig/File>
Audit:
/bin/ps -ef | grep kube-apiserver | grep -v grepExpected Result:
'--encryption-provider-config' is presentReturned Value:
root 3528 3509 7 Sep11 ? 01:24:09 kube-apiserver --service-cluster-ip-range=10.43.0.0/16 --anonymous-auth=false --profiling=false --advertise-address=172.31.7.100 --audit-log-maxsize=100 --cloud-provider= --etcd-keyfile=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kube-node-key.pem --etcd-prefix=/registry --kubelet-preferred-address-types=InternalIP,ExternalIP,Hostname --tls-cipher-suites=TLS_ECDHE_ECDSA_WITH_AES_128_GCM_SHA256,TLS_ECDHE_ECDSA_WITH_AES_256_GCM_SHA384,TLS_ECDHE_ECDSA_WITH_CHACHA20_POLY1305,TLS_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_AES_128_GCM_SHA256,TLS_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_AES_256_GCM_SHA384,TLS_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_CHACHA20_POLY1305 --kubelet-client-key=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kube-apiserver-key.pem --requestheader-username-headers=X-Remote-User --requestheader-extra-headers-prefix=X-Remote-Extra- --requestheader-group-headers=X-Remote-Group --audit-policy-file=/etc/kubernetes/audit-policy.yaml --etcd-certfile=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kube-node.pem --kubelet-client-certificate=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kube-apiserver.pem --service-account-signing-key-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kube-service-account-token-key.pem --storage-backend=etcd3 --service-node-port-range=30000-32767 --bind-address=0.0.0.0 --api-audiences=unknown --tls-cert-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kube-apiserver.pem --runtime-config=policy/v1beta1/podsecuritypolicy=true --allow-privileged=true --enable-admission-plugins=NamespaceLifecycle,LimitRanger,ServiceAccount,DefaultStorageClass,DefaultTolerationSeconds,MutatingAdmissionWebhook,ValidatingAdmissionWebhook,ResourceQuota,NodeRestriction,Priority,TaintNodesByCondition,PersistentVolumeClaimResize,PodSecurityPolicy,EventRateLimit --service-account-issuer=rke --requestheader-allowed-names=kube-apiserver-proxy-client --proxy-client-cert-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kube-apiserver-proxy-client.pem --service-account-key-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kube-service-account-token-key.pem --audit-log-path=/var/log/kube-audit/audit-log.json --audit-log-format=json --authorization-mode=Node,RBAC --etcd-servers=https://172.31.7.100:2379 --service-account-lookup=true --secure-port=6443 --tls-private-key-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kube-apiserver-key.pem --authentication-token-webhook-config-file=/etc/kubernetes/kube-api-authn-webhook.yaml --encryption-provider-config=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/encryption.yaml --kubelet-certificate-authority=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kube-ca.pem --audit-log-maxage=30 --admission-control-config-file=/etc/kubernetes/admission.yaml --etcd-cafile=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kube-ca.pem --proxy-client-key-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kube-apiserver-proxy-client-key.pem --audit-log-maxbackup=10 --client-ca-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kube-ca.pem --requestheader-client-ca-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kube-apiserver-requestheader-ca.pem --authentication-token-webhook-cache-ttl=5s1.2.31 Ensure that encryption providers are appropriately configured (Automated)
Result: pass
Remediation: Follow the Kubernetes documentation and configure a EncryptionConfig file. In this file, choose aescbc, kms or secretbox as the encryption provider.
Audit Script: check_encryption_provider_config.sh
#!/usr/bin/env bash
# This script is used to check the encrption provider config is set to aesbc
#
# outputs:
# true/false
# TODO: Figure out the file location from the kube-apiserver commandline args
ENCRYPTION_CONFIG_FILE="/node/etc/kubernetes/ssl/encryption.yaml"
if [[ ! -f "${ENCRYPTION_CONFIG_FILE}" ]]; then
echo "false"
exit
fi
for provider in "$@"
do
if grep "$provider" "${ENCRYPTION_CONFIG_FILE}"; then
echo "true"
exit
fi
done
echo "false"
exitAudit Execution:
./check_encryption_provider_config.sh aescbcExpected Result:
'true' is equal to 'true'Returned Value:
- aescbc: true1.2.32 Ensure that the API Server only makes use of Strong Cryptographic Ciphers (Automated)
Result: pass
Remediation: Edit the API server pod specification file /etc/kubernetes/manifests/kube-apiserver.yaml on the control plane node and set the below parameter. --tls-cipher-suites=TLS_AES_128_GCM_SHA256,TLS_AES_256_GCM_SHA384,TLS_CHACHA20_POLY1305_SHA256, TLS_ECDHE_ECDSA_WITH_AES_128_CBC_SHA,TLS_ECDHE_ECDSA_WITH_AES_128_GCM_SHA256, TLS_ECDHE_ECDSA_WITH_AES_256_CBC_SHA,TLS_ECDHE_ECDSA_WITH_AES_256_GCM_SHA384, TLS_ECDHE_ECDSA_WITH_CHACHA20_POLY1305,TLS_ECDHE_ECDSA_WITH_CHACHA20_POLY1305_SHA256, TLS_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_3DES_EDE_CBC_SHA,TLS_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_AES_128_CBC_SHA,TLS_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_AES_128_GCM_SHA256, TLS_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_AES_256_CBC_SHA,TLS_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_AES_256_GCM_SHA384,TLS_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_CHACHA20_POLY1305, TLS_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_CHACHA20_POLY1305_SHA256,TLS_RSA_WITH_3DES_EDE_CBC_SHA,TLS_RSA_WITH_AES_128_CBC_SHA, TLS_RSA_WITH_AES_128_GCM_SHA256,TLS_RSA_WITH_AES_256_CBC_SHA,TLS_RSA_WITH_AES_256_GCM_SHA384
Audit:
/bin/ps -ef | grep kube-apiserver | grep -v grepExpected Result:
'--tls-cipher-suites' contains valid elements from 'TLS_AES_128_GCM_SHA256,TLS_AES_256_GCM_SHA384,TLS_CHACHA20_POLY1305_SHA256,TLS_ECDHE_ECDSA_WITH_AES_128_CBC_SHA,TLS_ECDHE_ECDSA_WITH_AES_128_GCM_SHA256,TLS_ECDHE_ECDSA_WITH_AES_256_CBC_SHA,TLS_ECDHE_ECDSA_WITH_AES_256_GCM_SHA384,TLS_ECDHE_ECDSA_WITH_CHACHA20_POLY1305,TLS_ECDHE_ECDSA_WITH_CHACHA20_POLY1305_SHA256,TLS_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_3DES_EDE_CBC_SHA,TLS_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_AES_128_CBC_SHA,TLS_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_AES_128_GCM_SHA256,TLS_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_AES_256_CBC_SHA,TLS_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_AES_256_GCM_SHA384,TLS_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_CHACHA20_POLY1305,TLS_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_CHACHA20_POLY1305_SHA256,TLS_RSA_WITH_3DES_EDE_CBC_SHA,TLS_RSA_WITH_AES_128_CBC_SHA,TLS_RSA_WITH_AES_128_GCM_SHA256,TLS_RSA_WITH_AES_256_CBC_SHA,TLS_RSA_WITH_AES_256_GCM_SHA384'Returned Value:
root 3528 3509 7 Sep11 ? 01:24:09 kube-apiserver --service-cluster-ip-range=10.43.0.0/16 --anonymous-auth=false --profiling=false --advertise-address=172.31.7.100 --audit-log-maxsize=100 --cloud-provider= --etcd-keyfile=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kube-node-key.pem --etcd-prefix=/registry --kubelet-preferred-address-types=InternalIP,ExternalIP,Hostname --tls-cipher-suites=TLS_ECDHE_ECDSA_WITH_AES_128_GCM_SHA256,TLS_ECDHE_ECDSA_WITH_AES_256_GCM_SHA384,TLS_ECDHE_ECDSA_WITH_CHACHA20_POLY1305,TLS_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_AES_128_GCM_SHA256,TLS_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_AES_256_GCM_SHA384,TLS_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_CHACHA20_POLY1305 --kubelet-client-key=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kube-apiserver-key.pem --requestheader-username-headers=X-Remote-User --requestheader-extra-headers-prefix=X-Remote-Extra- --requestheader-group-headers=X-Remote-Group --audit-policy-file=/etc/kubernetes/audit-policy.yaml --etcd-certfile=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kube-node.pem --kubelet-client-certificate=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kube-apiserver.pem --service-account-signing-key-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kube-service-account-token-key.pem --storage-backend=etcd3 --service-node-port-range=30000-32767 --bind-address=0.0.0.0 --api-audiences=unknown --tls-cert-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kube-apiserver.pem --runtime-config=policy/v1beta1/podsecuritypolicy=true --allow-privileged=true --enable-admission-plugins=NamespaceLifecycle,LimitRanger,ServiceAccount,DefaultStorageClass,DefaultTolerationSeconds,MutatingAdmissionWebhook,ValidatingAdmissionWebhook,ResourceQuota,NodeRestriction,Priority,TaintNodesByCondition,PersistentVolumeClaimResize,PodSecurityPolicy,EventRateLimit --service-account-issuer=rke --requestheader-allowed-names=kube-apiserver-proxy-client --proxy-client-cert-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kube-apiserver-proxy-client.pem --service-account-key-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kube-service-account-token-key.pem --audit-log-path=/var/log/kube-audit/audit-log.json --audit-log-format=json --authorization-mode=Node,RBAC --etcd-servers=https://172.31.7.100:2379 --service-account-lookup=true --secure-port=6443 --tls-private-key-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kube-apiserver-key.pem --authentication-token-webhook-config-file=/etc/kubernetes/kube-api-authn-webhook.yaml --encryption-provider-config=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/encryption.yaml --kubelet-certificate-authority=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kube-ca.pem --audit-log-maxage=30 --admission-control-config-file=/etc/kubernetes/admission.yaml --etcd-cafile=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kube-ca.pem --proxy-client-key-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kube-apiserver-proxy-client-key.pem --audit-log-maxbackup=10 --client-ca-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kube-ca.pem --requestheader-client-ca-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kube-apiserver-requestheader-ca.pem --authentication-token-webhook-cache-ttl=5s1.3 Controller Manager
1.3.1 Ensure that the --terminated-pod-gc-threshold argument is set as appropriate (Automated)
Result: pass
Remediation: Edit the Controller Manager pod specification file /etc/kubernetes/manifests/kube-controller-manager.yaml on the control plane node and set the --terminated-pod-gc-threshold to an appropriate threshold, for example, --terminated-pod-gc-threshold=10
Audit:
/bin/ps -ef | grep kube-controller-manager | grep -v grepExpected Result:
'--terminated-pod-gc-threshold' is presentReturned Value:
root 3690 3671 1 Sep11 ? 00:20:42 kube-controller-manager --service-cluster-ip-range=10.43.0.0/16 --configure-cloud-routes=false --enable-hostpath-provisioner=false --terminated-pod-gc-threshold=1000 --tls-cipher-suites=TLS_ECDHE_ECDSA_WITH_AES_128_GCM_SHA256,TLS_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_AES_128_GCM_SHA256,TLS_ECDHE_ECDSA_WITH_CHACHA20_POLY1305,TLS_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_AES_256_GCM_SHA384,TLS_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_CHACHA20_POLY1305,TLS_ECDHE_ECDSA_WITH_AES_256_GCM_SHA384,TLS_RSA_WITH_AES_256_GCM_SHA384,TLS_RSA_WITH_AES_128_GCM_SHA256 --service-account-private-key-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kube-service-account-token-key.pem --v=2 --pod-eviction-timeout=5m0s --authorization-kubeconfig=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kubecfg-kube-controller-manager.yaml --cloud-provider= --cluster-cidr=10.42.0.0/16 --kubeconfig=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kubecfg-kube-controller-manager.yaml --root-ca-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kube-ca.pem --allocate-node-cidrs=true --authentication-kubeconfig=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kubecfg-kube-controller-manager.yaml --feature-gates=RotateKubeletServerCertificate=true --leader-elect=true --profiling=false --node-monitor-grace-period=40s --allow-untagged-cloud=true --use-service-account-credentials=true1.3.2 Ensure that the --profiling argument is set to false (Automated)
Result: pass
Remediation: Edit the Controller Manager pod specification file /etc/kubernetes/manifests/kube-controller-manager.yaml on the control plane node and set the below parameter. --profiling=false
Audit:
/bin/ps -ef | grep kube-controller-manager | grep -v grepExpected Result:
'--profiling' is equal to 'false'Returned Value:
root 3690 3671 1 Sep11 ? 00:20:42 kube-controller-manager --service-cluster-ip-range=10.43.0.0/16 --configure-cloud-routes=false --enable-hostpath-provisioner=false --terminated-pod-gc-threshold=1000 --tls-cipher-suites=TLS_ECDHE_ECDSA_WITH_AES_128_GCM_SHA256,TLS_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_AES_128_GCM_SHA256,TLS_ECDHE_ECDSA_WITH_CHACHA20_POLY1305,TLS_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_AES_256_GCM_SHA384,TLS_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_CHACHA20_POLY1305,TLS_ECDHE_ECDSA_WITH_AES_256_GCM_SHA384,TLS_RSA_WITH_AES_256_GCM_SHA384,TLS_RSA_WITH_AES_128_GCM_SHA256 --service-account-private-key-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kube-service-account-token-key.pem --v=2 --pod-eviction-timeout=5m0s --authorization-kubeconfig=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kubecfg-kube-controller-manager.yaml --cloud-provider= --cluster-cidr=10.42.0.0/16 --kubeconfig=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kubecfg-kube-controller-manager.yaml --root-ca-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kube-ca.pem --allocate-node-cidrs=true --authentication-kubeconfig=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kubecfg-kube-controller-manager.yaml --feature-gates=RotateKubeletServerCertificate=true --leader-elect=true --profiling=false --node-monitor-grace-period=40s --allow-untagged-cloud=true --use-service-account-credentials=true1.3.3 Ensure that the --use-service-account-credentials argument is set to true (Automated)
Result: pass
Remediation: Edit the Controller Manager pod specification file /etc/kubernetes/manifests/kube-controller-manager.yaml on the control plane node to set the below parameter. --use-service-account-credentials=true
Audit:
/bin/ps -ef | grep kube-controller-manager | grep -v grepExpected Result:
'--use-service-account-credentials' is not equal to 'false'Returned Value:
root 3690 3671 1 Sep11 ? 00:20:42 kube-controller-manager --service-cluster-ip-range=10.43.0.0/16 --configure-cloud-routes=false --enable-hostpath-provisioner=false --terminated-pod-gc-threshold=1000 --tls-cipher-suites=TLS_ECDHE_ECDSA_WITH_AES_128_GCM_SHA256,TLS_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_AES_128_GCM_SHA256,TLS_ECDHE_ECDSA_WITH_CHACHA20_POLY1305,TLS_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_AES_256_GCM_SHA384,TLS_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_CHACHA20_POLY1305,TLS_ECDHE_ECDSA_WITH_AES_256_GCM_SHA384,TLS_RSA_WITH_AES_256_GCM_SHA384,TLS_RSA_WITH_AES_128_GCM_SHA256 --service-account-private-key-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kube-service-account-token-key.pem --v=2 --pod-eviction-timeout=5m0s --authorization-kubeconfig=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kubecfg-kube-controller-manager.yaml --cloud-provider= --cluster-cidr=10.42.0.0/16 --kubeconfig=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kubecfg-kube-controller-manager.yaml --root-ca-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kube-ca.pem --allocate-node-cidrs=true --authentication-kubeconfig=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kubecfg-kube-controller-manager.yaml --feature-gates=RotateKubeletServerCertificate=true --leader-elect=true --profiling=false --node-monitor-grace-period=40s --allow-untagged-cloud=true --use-service-account-credentials=true1.3.4 Ensure that the --service-account-private-key-file argument is set as appropriate (Automated)
Result: pass
Remediation: Edit the Controller Manager pod specification file /etc/kubernetes/manifests/kube-controller-manager.yaml on the control plane node and set the --service-account-private-key-file parameter to the private key file for service accounts. --service-account-private-key-file=<filename>
Audit:
/bin/ps -ef | grep kube-controller-manager | grep -v grepExpected Result:
'--service-account-private-key-file' is presentReturned Value:
root 3690 3671 1 Sep11 ? 00:20:42 kube-controller-manager --service-cluster-ip-range=10.43.0.0/16 --configure-cloud-routes=false --enable-hostpath-provisioner=false --terminated-pod-gc-threshold=1000 --tls-cipher-suites=TLS_ECDHE_ECDSA_WITH_AES_128_GCM_SHA256,TLS_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_AES_128_GCM_SHA256,TLS_ECDHE_ECDSA_WITH_CHACHA20_POLY1305,TLS_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_AES_256_GCM_SHA384,TLS_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_CHACHA20_POLY1305,TLS_ECDHE_ECDSA_WITH_AES_256_GCM_SHA384,TLS_RSA_WITH_AES_256_GCM_SHA384,TLS_RSA_WITH_AES_128_GCM_SHA256 --service-account-private-key-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kube-service-account-token-key.pem --v=2 --pod-eviction-timeout=5m0s --authorization-kubeconfig=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kubecfg-kube-controller-manager.yaml --cloud-provider= --cluster-cidr=10.42.0.0/16 --kubeconfig=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kubecfg-kube-controller-manager.yaml --root-ca-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kube-ca.pem --allocate-node-cidrs=true --authentication-kubeconfig=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kubecfg-kube-controller-manager.yaml --feature-gates=RotateKubeletServerCertificate=true --leader-elect=true --profiling=false --node-monitor-grace-period=40s --allow-untagged-cloud=true --use-service-account-credentials=true1.3.5 Ensure that the --root-ca-file argument is set as appropriate (Automated)
Result: pass
Remediation: Edit the Controller Manager pod specification file /etc/kubernetes/manifests/kube-controller-manager.yaml on the control plane node and set the --root-ca-file parameter to the certificate bundle file`. --root-ca-file=<path/to/file>
Audit:
/bin/ps -ef | grep kube-controller-manager | grep -v grepExpected Result:
'--root-ca-file' is presentReturned Value:
root 3690 3671 1 Sep11 ? 00:20:42 kube-controller-manager --service-cluster-ip-range=10.43.0.0/16 --configure-cloud-routes=false --enable-hostpath-provisioner=false --terminated-pod-gc-threshold=1000 --tls-cipher-suites=TLS_ECDHE_ECDSA_WITH_AES_128_GCM_SHA256,TLS_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_AES_128_GCM_SHA256,TLS_ECDHE_ECDSA_WITH_CHACHA20_POLY1305,TLS_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_AES_256_GCM_SHA384,TLS_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_CHACHA20_POLY1305,TLS_ECDHE_ECDSA_WITH_AES_256_GCM_SHA384,TLS_RSA_WITH_AES_256_GCM_SHA384,TLS_RSA_WITH_AES_128_GCM_SHA256 --service-account-private-key-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kube-service-account-token-key.pem --v=2 --pod-eviction-timeout=5m0s --authorization-kubeconfig=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kubecfg-kube-controller-manager.yaml --cloud-provider= --cluster-cidr=10.42.0.0/16 --kubeconfig=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kubecfg-kube-controller-manager.yaml --root-ca-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kube-ca.pem --allocate-node-cidrs=true --authentication-kubeconfig=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kubecfg-kube-controller-manager.yaml --feature-gates=RotateKubeletServerCertificate=true --leader-elect=true --profiling=false --node-monitor-grace-period=40s --allow-untagged-cloud=true --use-service-account-credentials=true1.3.6 Ensure that the RotateKubeletServerCertificate argument is set to true (Automated)
Result: Not Applicable
Remediation: Edit the Controller Manager pod specification file /etc/kubernetes/manifests/kube-controller-manager.yaml on the control plane node and set the --feature-gates parameter to include RotateKubeletServerCertificate=true. --feature-gates=RotateKubeletServerCertificate=true
Cluster provisioned by RKE handles certificate rotation directly through RKE.
1.3.7 Ensure that the --bind-address argument is set to 127.0.0.1 (Automated)
Result: pass
Remediation: Edit the Controller Manager pod specification file /etc/kubernetes/manifests/kube-controller-manager.yaml on the control plane node and ensure the correct value for the --bind-address parameter
Audit:
/bin/ps -ef | grep kube-controller-manager | grep -v grepExpected Result:
'--bind-address' is present OR '--bind-address' is not presentReturned Value:
root 3690 3671 1 Sep11 ? 00:20:42 kube-controller-manager --service-cluster-ip-range=10.43.0.0/16 --configure-cloud-routes=false --enable-hostpath-provisioner=false --terminated-pod-gc-threshold=1000 --tls-cipher-suites=TLS_ECDHE_ECDSA_WITH_AES_128_GCM_SHA256,TLS_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_AES_128_GCM_SHA256,TLS_ECDHE_ECDSA_WITH_CHACHA20_POLY1305,TLS_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_AES_256_GCM_SHA384,TLS_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_CHACHA20_POLY1305,TLS_ECDHE_ECDSA_WITH_AES_256_GCM_SHA384,TLS_RSA_WITH_AES_256_GCM_SHA384,TLS_RSA_WITH_AES_128_GCM_SHA256 --service-account-private-key-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kube-service-account-token-key.pem --v=2 --pod-eviction-timeout=5m0s --authorization-kubeconfig=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kubecfg-kube-controller-manager.yaml --cloud-provider= --cluster-cidr=10.42.0.0/16 --kubeconfig=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kubecfg-kube-controller-manager.yaml --root-ca-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kube-ca.pem --allocate-node-cidrs=true --authentication-kubeconfig=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kubecfg-kube-controller-manager.yaml --feature-gates=RotateKubeletServerCertificate=true --leader-elect=true --profiling=false --node-monitor-grace-period=40s --allow-untagged-cloud=true --use-service-account-credentials=true1.4 Scheduler
1.4.1 Ensure that the --profiling argument is set to false (Automated)
Result: pass
Remediation: Edit the Scheduler pod specification file /etc/kubernetes/manifests/kube-scheduler.yaml file on the control plane node and set the below parameter. --profiling=false
Audit:
/bin/ps -ef | grep kube-scheduler | grep -v grepExpected Result:
'--profiling' is equal to 'false'Returned Value:
root 3859 3838 0 Sep11 ? 00:03:44 kube-scheduler --kubeconfig=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kubecfg-kube-scheduler.yaml --leader-elect=true --profiling=false --v=2 --authentication-kubeconfig=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kubecfg-kube-scheduler.yaml --authorization-kubeconfig=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kubecfg-kube-scheduler.yaml --tls-cipher-suites=TLS_ECDHE_ECDSA_WITH_AES_128_GCM_SHA256,TLS_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_AES_128_GCM_SHA256,TLS_ECDHE_ECDSA_WITH_CHACHA20_POLY1305,TLS_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_AES_256_GCM_SHA384,TLS_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_CHACHA20_POLY1305,TLS_ECDHE_ECDSA_WITH_AES_256_GCM_SHA384,TLS_RSA_WITH_AES_256_GCM_SHA384,TLS_RSA_WITH_AES_128_GCM_SHA2561.4.2 Ensure that the --bind-address argument is set to 127.0.0.1 (Automated)
Result: pass
Remediation: Edit the Scheduler pod specification file /etc/kubernetes/manifests/kube-scheduler.yaml on the control plane node and ensure the correct value for the --bind-address parameter
Audit:
/bin/ps -ef | grep kube-scheduler | grep -v grepExpected Result:
'--bind-address' is present OR '--bind-address' is not presentReturned Value:
root 3859 3838 0 Sep11 ? 00:03:44 kube-scheduler --kubeconfig=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kubecfg-kube-scheduler.yaml --leader-elect=true --profiling=false --v=2 --authentication-kubeconfig=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kubecfg-kube-scheduler.yaml --authorization-kubeconfig=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kubecfg-kube-scheduler.yaml --tls-cipher-suites=TLS_ECDHE_ECDSA_WITH_AES_128_GCM_SHA256,TLS_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_AES_128_GCM_SHA256,TLS_ECDHE_ECDSA_WITH_CHACHA20_POLY1305,TLS_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_AES_256_GCM_SHA384,TLS_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_CHACHA20_POLY1305,TLS_ECDHE_ECDSA_WITH_AES_256_GCM_SHA384,TLS_RSA_WITH_AES_256_GCM_SHA384,TLS_RSA_WITH_AES_128_GCM_SHA2562 Etcd Node Configuration
2.1 Ensure that the --cert-file and --key-file arguments are set as appropriate (Automated)
Result: pass
Remediation: Follow the etcd service documentation and configure TLS encryption. Then, edit the etcd pod specification file /etc/kubernetes/manifests/etcd.yaml on the master node and set the below parameters. --cert-file=</path/to/ca-file> --key-file=</path/to/key-file>
Audit:
/bin/ps -ef | /bin/grep etcd | /bin/grep -v grepExpected Result:
'--cert-file' is present AND '--key-file' is presentReturned Value:
etcd 3369 3348 2 Sep11 ? 00:26:05 /usr/local/bin/etcd --peer-client-cert-auth=true --initial-cluster-token=etcd-cluster-1 --initial-cluster=etcd-ip-172-31-7-100=https://172.31.7.100:2380 --cert-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kube-etcd-172-31-7-100.pem --peer-cert-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kube-etcd-172-31-7-100.pem --peer-key-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kube-etcd-172-31-7-100-key.pem --client-cert-auth=true --election-timeout=5000 --name=etcd-ip-172-31-7-100 --listen-client-urls=https://0.0.0.0:2379 --trusted-ca-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kube-ca.pem --peer-trusted-ca-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kube-ca.pem --data-dir=/var/lib/rancher/etcd/ --initial-cluster-state=new --advertise-client-urls=https://172.31.7.100:2379 --heartbeat-interval=500 --initial-advertise-peer-urls=https://172.31.7.100:2380 --listen-peer-urls=https://0.0.0.0:2380 --key-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kube-etcd-172-31-7-100-key.pem --cipher-suites=TLS_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_AES_128_GCM_SHA256,TLS_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_AES_256_GCM_SHA384 root 3528 3509 7 Sep11 ? 01:24:08 kube-apiserver --service-cluster-ip-range=10.43.0.0/16 --anonymous-auth=false --profiling=false --advertise-address=172.31.7.100 --audit-log-maxsize=100 --cloud-provider= --etcd-keyfile=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kube-node-key.pem --etcd-prefix=/registry --kubelet-preferred-address-types=InternalIP,ExternalIP,Hostname --tls-cipher-suites=TLS_ECDHE_ECDSA_WITH_AES_128_GCM_SHA256,TLS_ECDHE_ECDSA_WITH_AES_256_GCM_SHA384,TLS_ECDHE_ECDSA_WITH_CHACHA20_POLY1305,TLS_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_AES_128_GCM_SHA256,TLS_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_AES_256_GCM_SHA384,TLS_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_CHACHA20_POLY1305 --kubelet-client-key=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kube-apiserver-key.pem --requestheader-username-headers=X-Remote-User --requestheader-extra-headers-prefix=X-Remote-Extra- --requestheader-group-headers=X-Remote-Group --audit-policy-file=/etc/kubernetes/audit-policy.yaml --etcd-certfile=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kube-node.pem --kubelet-client-certificate=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kube-apiserver.pem --service-account-signing-key-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kube-service-account-token-key.pem --storage-backend=etcd3 --service-node-port-range=30000-32767 --bind-address=0.0.0.0 --api-audiences=unknown --tls-cert-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kube-apiserver.pem --runtime-config=policy/v1beta1/podsecuritypolicy=true --allow-privileged=true --enable-admission-plugins=NamespaceLifecycle,LimitRanger,ServiceAccount,DefaultStorageClass,DefaultTolerationSeconds,MutatingAdmissionWebhook,ValidatingAdmissionWebhook,ResourceQuota,NodeRestriction,Priority,TaintNodesByCondition,PersistentVolumeClaimResize,PodSecurityPolicy,EventRateLimit --service-account-issuer=rke --requestheader-allowed-names=kube-apiserver-proxy-client --proxy-client-cert-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kube-apiserver-proxy-client.pem --service-account-key-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kube-service-account-token-key.pem --audit-log-path=/var/log/kube-audit/audit-log.json --audit-log-format=json --authorization-mode=Node,RBAC --etcd-servers=https://172.31.7.100:2379 --service-account-lookup=true --secure-port=6443 --tls-private-key-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kube-apiserver-key.pem --authentication-token-webhook-config-file=/etc/kubernetes/kube-api-authn-webhook.yaml --encryption-provider-config=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/encryption.yaml --kubelet-certificate-authority=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kube-ca.pem --audit-log-maxage=30 --admission-control-config-file=/etc/kubernetes/admission.yaml --etcd-cafile=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kube-ca.pem --proxy-client-key-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kube-apiserver-proxy-client-key.pem --audit-log-maxbackup=10 --client-ca-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kube-ca.pem --requestheader-client-ca-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kube-apiserver-requestheader-ca.pem --authentication-token-webhook-cache-ttl=5s root 1057543 1057522 5 16:15 ? 00:00:00 kube-bench run --targets etcd --scored --nosummary --noremediations --v=0 --config-dir=/etc/kube-bench/cfg --benchmark rke-cis-1.24-hardened --json --log_dir /tmp/sonobuoy/logs --outputfile /tmp/sonobuoy/etcd.json2.2 Ensure that the --client-cert-auth argument is set to true (Automated)
Result: pass
Remediation: Edit the etcd pod specification file /etc/kubernetes/manifests/etcd.yaml on the master node and set the below parameter. --client-cert-auth="true"
Audit:
/bin/ps -ef | /bin/grep etcd | /bin/grep -v grepExpected Result:
'--client-cert-auth' is equal to 'true'Returned Value:
etcd 3369 3348 2 Sep11 ? 00:26:05 /usr/local/bin/etcd --peer-client-cert-auth=true --initial-cluster-token=etcd-cluster-1 --initial-cluster=etcd-ip-172-31-7-100=https://172.31.7.100:2380 --cert-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kube-etcd-172-31-7-100.pem --peer-cert-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kube-etcd-172-31-7-100.pem --peer-key-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kube-etcd-172-31-7-100-key.pem --client-cert-auth=true --election-timeout=5000 --name=etcd-ip-172-31-7-100 --listen-client-urls=https://0.0.0.0:2379 --trusted-ca-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kube-ca.pem --peer-trusted-ca-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kube-ca.pem --data-dir=/var/lib/rancher/etcd/ --initial-cluster-state=new --advertise-client-urls=https://172.31.7.100:2379 --heartbeat-interval=500 --initial-advertise-peer-urls=https://172.31.7.100:2380 --listen-peer-urls=https://0.0.0.0:2380 --key-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kube-etcd-172-31-7-100-key.pem --cipher-suites=TLS_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_AES_128_GCM_SHA256,TLS_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_AES_256_GCM_SHA384 root 3528 3509 7 Sep11 ? 01:24:08 kube-apiserver --service-cluster-ip-range=10.43.0.0/16 --anonymous-auth=false --profiling=false --advertise-address=172.31.7.100 --audit-log-maxsize=100 --cloud-provider= --etcd-keyfile=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kube-node-key.pem --etcd-prefix=/registry --kubelet-preferred-address-types=InternalIP,ExternalIP,Hostname --tls-cipher-suites=TLS_ECDHE_ECDSA_WITH_AES_128_GCM_SHA256,TLS_ECDHE_ECDSA_WITH_AES_256_GCM_SHA384,TLS_ECDHE_ECDSA_WITH_CHACHA20_POLY1305,TLS_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_AES_128_GCM_SHA256,TLS_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_AES_256_GCM_SHA384,TLS_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_CHACHA20_POLY1305 --kubelet-client-key=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kube-apiserver-key.pem --requestheader-username-headers=X-Remote-User --requestheader-extra-headers-prefix=X-Remote-Extra- --requestheader-group-headers=X-Remote-Group --audit-policy-file=/etc/kubernetes/audit-policy.yaml --etcd-certfile=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kube-node.pem --kubelet-client-certificate=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kube-apiserver.pem --service-account-signing-key-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kube-service-account-token-key.pem --storage-backend=etcd3 --service-node-port-range=30000-32767 --bind-address=0.0.0.0 --api-audiences=unknown --tls-cert-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kube-apiserver.pem --runtime-config=policy/v1beta1/podsecuritypolicy=true --allow-privileged=true --enable-admission-plugins=NamespaceLifecycle,LimitRanger,ServiceAccount,DefaultStorageClass,DefaultTolerationSeconds,MutatingAdmissionWebhook,ValidatingAdmissionWebhook,ResourceQuota,NodeRestriction,Priority,TaintNodesByCondition,PersistentVolumeClaimResize,PodSecurityPolicy,EventRateLimit --service-account-issuer=rke --requestheader-allowed-names=kube-apiserver-proxy-client --proxy-client-cert-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kube-apiserver-proxy-client.pem --service-account-key-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kube-service-account-token-key.pem --audit-log-path=/var/log/kube-audit/audit-log.json --audit-log-format=json --authorization-mode=Node,RBAC --etcd-servers=https://172.31.7.100:2379 --service-account-lookup=true --secure-port=6443 --tls-private-key-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kube-apiserver-key.pem --authentication-token-webhook-config-file=/etc/kubernetes/kube-api-authn-webhook.yaml --encryption-provider-config=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/encryption.yaml --kubelet-certificate-authority=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kube-ca.pem --audit-log-maxage=30 --admission-control-config-file=/etc/kubernetes/admission.yaml --etcd-cafile=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kube-ca.pem --proxy-client-key-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kube-apiserver-proxy-client-key.pem --audit-log-maxbackup=10 --client-ca-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kube-ca.pem --requestheader-client-ca-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kube-apiserver-requestheader-ca.pem --authentication-token-webhook-cache-ttl=5s root 1057543 1057522 4 16:15 ? 00:00:00 kube-bench run --targets etcd --scored --nosummary --noremediations --v=0 --config-dir=/etc/kube-bench/cfg --benchmark rke-cis-1.24-hardened --json --log_dir /tmp/sonobuoy/logs --outputfile /tmp/sonobuoy/etcd.json2.3 Ensure that the --auto-tls argument is not set to true (Automated)
Result: pass
Remediation: Edit the etcd pod specification file /etc/kubernetes/manifests/etcd.yaml on the master node and either remove the --auto-tls parameter or set it to false. --auto-tls=false
Audit:
/bin/ps -ef | /bin/grep etcd | /bin/grep -v grepExpected Result:
'ETCD_AUTO_TLS' is not present OR 'ETCD_AUTO_TLS' is presentReturned Value:
PATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin HOSTNAME=ip-172-31-7-100 ETCDCTL_API=3 ETCDCTL_CACERT=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kube-ca.pem ETCDCTL_CERT=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kube-etcd-172-31-7-100.pem ETCDCTL_KEY=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kube-etcd-172-31-7-100-key.pem ETCDCTL_ENDPOINTS=https://127.0.0.1:2379 ETCD_UNSUPPORTED_ARCH=x86_64 HOME=/2.4 Ensure that the --peer-cert-file and --peer-key-file arguments are set as appropriate (Automated)
Result: pass
Remediation: Follow the etcd service documentation and configure peer TLS encryption as appropriate for your etcd cluster. Then, edit the etcd pod specification file /etc/kubernetes/manifests/etcd.yaml on the master node and set the below parameters. --peer-client-file=</path/to/peer-cert-file> --peer-key-file=</path/to/peer-key-file>
Audit:
/bin/ps -ef | /bin/grep etcd | /bin/grep -v grepExpected Result:
'--peer-cert-file' is present AND '--peer-key-file' is presentReturned Value:
etcd 3369 3348 2 Sep11 ? 00:26:05 /usr/local/bin/etcd --peer-client-cert-auth=true --initial-cluster-token=etcd-cluster-1 --initial-cluster=etcd-ip-172-31-7-100=https://172.31.7.100:2380 --cert-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kube-etcd-172-31-7-100.pem --peer-cert-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kube-etcd-172-31-7-100.pem --peer-key-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kube-etcd-172-31-7-100-key.pem --client-cert-auth=true --election-timeout=5000 --name=etcd-ip-172-31-7-100 --listen-client-urls=https://0.0.0.0:2379 --trusted-ca-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kube-ca.pem --peer-trusted-ca-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kube-ca.pem --data-dir=/var/lib/rancher/etcd/ --initial-cluster-state=new --advertise-client-urls=https://172.31.7.100:2379 --heartbeat-interval=500 --initial-advertise-peer-urls=https://172.31.7.100:2380 --listen-peer-urls=https://0.0.0.0:2380 --key-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kube-etcd-172-31-7-100-key.pem --cipher-suites=TLS_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_AES_128_GCM_SHA256,TLS_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_AES_256_GCM_SHA384 root 3528 3509 7 Sep11 ? 01:24:09 kube-apiserver --service-cluster-ip-range=10.43.0.0/16 --anonymous-auth=false --profiling=false --advertise-address=172.31.7.100 --audit-log-maxsize=100 --cloud-provider= --etcd-keyfile=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kube-node-key.pem --etcd-prefix=/registry --kubelet-preferred-address-types=InternalIP,ExternalIP,Hostname --tls-cipher-suites=TLS_ECDHE_ECDSA_WITH_AES_128_GCM_SHA256,TLS_ECDHE_ECDSA_WITH_AES_256_GCM_SHA384,TLS_ECDHE_ECDSA_WITH_CHACHA20_POLY1305,TLS_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_AES_128_GCM_SHA256,TLS_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_AES_256_GCM_SHA384,TLS_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_CHACHA20_POLY1305 --kubelet-client-key=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kube-apiserver-key.pem --requestheader-username-headers=X-Remote-User --requestheader-extra-headers-prefix=X-Remote-Extra- --requestheader-group-headers=X-Remote-Group --audit-policy-file=/etc/kubernetes/audit-policy.yaml --etcd-certfile=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kube-node.pem --kubelet-client-certificate=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kube-apiserver.pem --service-account-signing-key-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kube-service-account-token-key.pem --storage-backend=etcd3 --service-node-port-range=30000-32767 --bind-address=0.0.0.0 --api-audiences=unknown --tls-cert-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kube-apiserver.pem --runtime-config=policy/v1beta1/podsecuritypolicy=true --allow-privileged=true --enable-admission-plugins=NamespaceLifecycle,LimitRanger,ServiceAccount,DefaultStorageClass,DefaultTolerationSeconds,MutatingAdmissionWebhook,ValidatingAdmissionWebhook,ResourceQuota,NodeRestriction,Priority,TaintNodesByCondition,PersistentVolumeClaimResize,PodSecurityPolicy,EventRateLimit --service-account-issuer=rke --requestheader-allowed-names=kube-apiserver-proxy-client --proxy-client-cert-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kube-apiserver-proxy-client.pem --service-account-key-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kube-service-account-token-key.pem --audit-log-path=/var/log/kube-audit/audit-log.json --audit-log-format=json --authorization-mode=Node,RBAC --etcd-servers=https://172.31.7.100:2379 --service-account-lookup=true --secure-port=6443 --tls-private-key-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kube-apiserver-key.pem --authentication-token-webhook-config-file=/etc/kubernetes/kube-api-authn-webhook.yaml --encryption-provider-config=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/encryption.yaml --kubelet-certificate-authority=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kube-ca.pem --audit-log-maxage=30 --admission-control-config-file=/etc/kubernetes/admission.yaml --etcd-cafile=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kube-ca.pem --proxy-client-key-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kube-apiserver-proxy-client-key.pem --audit-log-maxbackup=10 --client-ca-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kube-ca.pem --requestheader-client-ca-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kube-apiserver-requestheader-ca.pem --authentication-token-webhook-cache-ttl=5s root 1057543 1057522 2 16:15 ? 00:00:00 kube-bench run --targets etcd --scored --nosummary --noremediations --v=0 --config-dir=/etc/kube-bench/cfg --benchmark rke-cis-1.24-hardened --json --log_dir /tmp/sonobuoy/logs --outputfile /tmp/sonobuoy/etcd.json2.5 Ensure that the --peer-client-cert-auth argument is set to true (Automated)
Result: pass
Remediation: Edit the etcd pod specification file /etc/kubernetes/manifests/etcd.yaml on the master node and set the below parameter. --peer-client-cert-auth=true
Audit:
/bin/ps -ef | /bin/grep etcd | /bin/grep -v grepExpected Result:
'--peer-client-cert-auth' is equal to 'true'Returned Value:
etcd 3369 3348 2 Sep11 ? 00:26:05 /usr/local/bin/etcd --peer-client-cert-auth=true --initial-cluster-token=etcd-cluster-1 --initial-cluster=etcd-ip-172-31-7-100=https://172.31.7.100:2380 --cert-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kube-etcd-172-31-7-100.pem --peer-cert-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kube-etcd-172-31-7-100.pem --peer-key-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kube-etcd-172-31-7-100-key.pem --client-cert-auth=true --election-timeout=5000 --name=etcd-ip-172-31-7-100 --listen-client-urls=https://0.0.0.0:2379 --trusted-ca-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kube-ca.pem --peer-trusted-ca-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kube-ca.pem --data-dir=/var/lib/rancher/etcd/ --initial-cluster-state=new --advertise-client-urls=https://172.31.7.100:2379 --heartbeat-interval=500 --initial-advertise-peer-urls=https://172.31.7.100:2380 --listen-peer-urls=https://0.0.0.0:2380 --key-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kube-etcd-172-31-7-100-key.pem --cipher-suites=TLS_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_AES_128_GCM_SHA256,TLS_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_AES_256_GCM_SHA384 root 3528 3509 7 Sep11 ? 01:24:09 kube-apiserver --service-cluster-ip-range=10.43.0.0/16 --anonymous-auth=false --profiling=false --advertise-address=172.31.7.100 --audit-log-maxsize=100 --cloud-provider= --etcd-keyfile=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kube-node-key.pem --etcd-prefix=/registry --kubelet-preferred-address-types=InternalIP,ExternalIP,Hostname --tls-cipher-suites=TLS_ECDHE_ECDSA_WITH_AES_128_GCM_SHA256,TLS_ECDHE_ECDSA_WITH_AES_256_GCM_SHA384,TLS_ECDHE_ECDSA_WITH_CHACHA20_POLY1305,TLS_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_AES_128_GCM_SHA256,TLS_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_AES_256_GCM_SHA384,TLS_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_CHACHA20_POLY1305 --kubelet-client-key=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kube-apiserver-key.pem --requestheader-username-headers=X-Remote-User --requestheader-extra-headers-prefix=X-Remote-Extra- --requestheader-group-headers=X-Remote-Group --audit-policy-file=/etc/kubernetes/audit-policy.yaml --etcd-certfile=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kube-node.pem --kubelet-client-certificate=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kube-apiserver.pem --service-account-signing-key-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kube-service-account-token-key.pem --storage-backend=etcd3 --service-node-port-range=30000-32767 --bind-address=0.0.0.0 --api-audiences=unknown --tls-cert-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kube-apiserver.pem --runtime-config=policy/v1beta1/podsecuritypolicy=true --allow-privileged=true --enable-admission-plugins=NamespaceLifecycle,LimitRanger,ServiceAccount,DefaultStorageClass,DefaultTolerationSeconds,MutatingAdmissionWebhook,ValidatingAdmissionWebhook,ResourceQuota,NodeRestriction,Priority,TaintNodesByCondition,PersistentVolumeClaimResize,PodSecurityPolicy,EventRateLimit --service-account-issuer=rke --requestheader-allowed-names=kube-apiserver-proxy-client --proxy-client-cert-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kube-apiserver-proxy-client.pem --service-account-key-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kube-service-account-token-key.pem --audit-log-path=/var/log/kube-audit/audit-log.json --audit-log-format=json --authorization-mode=Node,RBAC --etcd-servers=https://172.31.7.100:2379 --service-account-lookup=true --secure-port=6443 --tls-private-key-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kube-apiserver-key.pem --authentication-token-webhook-config-file=/etc/kubernetes/kube-api-authn-webhook.yaml --encryption-provider-config=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/encryption.yaml --kubelet-certificate-authority=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kube-ca.pem --audit-log-maxage=30 --admission-control-config-file=/etc/kubernetes/admission.yaml --etcd-cafile=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kube-ca.pem --proxy-client-key-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kube-apiserver-proxy-client-key.pem --audit-log-maxbackup=10 --client-ca-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kube-ca.pem --requestheader-client-ca-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kube-apiserver-requestheader-ca.pem --authentication-token-webhook-cache-ttl=5s root 1057543 1057522 2 16:15 ? 00:00:00 kube-bench run --targets etcd --scored --nosummary --noremediations --v=0 --config-dir=/etc/kube-bench/cfg --benchmark rke-cis-1.24-hardened --json --log_dir /tmp/sonobuoy/logs --outputfile /tmp/sonobuoy/etcd.json2.6 Ensure that the --peer-auto-tls argument is not set to true (Automated)
Result: pass
Remediation: Edit the etcd pod specification file /etc/kubernetes/manifests/etcd.yaml on the master node and either remove the --peer-auto-tls parameter or set it to false. --peer-auto-tls=false
Audit:
/bin/ps -ef | /bin/grep etcd | /bin/grep -v grepExpected Result:
'ETCD_PEER_AUTO_TLS' is not present OR 'ETCD_PEER_AUTO_TLS' is presentReturned Value:
PATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin HOSTNAME=ip-172-31-7-100 ETCDCTL_API=3 ETCDCTL_CACERT=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kube-ca.pem ETCDCTL_CERT=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kube-etcd-172-31-7-100.pem ETCDCTL_KEY=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kube-etcd-172-31-7-100-key.pem ETCDCTL_ENDPOINTS=https://127.0.0.1:2379 ETCD_UNSUPPORTED_ARCH=x86_64 HOME=/2.7 Ensure that a unique Certificate Authority is used for etcd (Automated)
Result: pass
Remediation:
Follow the etcd documentation and create a dedicated certificate authority setup for the etcd service. Then, edit the etcd pod specification file /etc/kubernetes/manifests/etcd.yaml on the master node and set the below parameter. --trusted-ca-file=</path/to/ca-file>
Audit:
/bin/ps -ef | /bin/grep etcd | /bin/grep -v grepExpected Result:
'--trusted-ca-file' is presentReturned Value:
etcd 3369 3348 2 Sep11 ? 00:26:05 /usr/local/bin/etcd --peer-client-cert-auth=true --initial-cluster-token=etcd-cluster-1 --initial-cluster=etcd-ip-172-31-7-100=https://172.31.7.100:2380 --cert-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kube-etcd-172-31-7-100.pem --peer-cert-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kube-etcd-172-31-7-100.pem --peer-key-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kube-etcd-172-31-7-100-key.pem --client-cert-auth=true --election-timeout=5000 --name=etcd-ip-172-31-7-100 --listen-client-urls=https://0.0.0.0:2379 --trusted-ca-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kube-ca.pem --peer-trusted-ca-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kube-ca.pem --data-dir=/var/lib/rancher/etcd/ --initial-cluster-state=new --advertise-client-urls=https://172.31.7.100:2379 --heartbeat-interval=500 --initial-advertise-peer-urls=https://172.31.7.100:2380 --listen-peer-urls=https://0.0.0.0:2380 --key-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kube-etcd-172-31-7-100-key.pem --cipher-suites=TLS_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_AES_128_GCM_SHA256,TLS_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_AES_256_GCM_SHA384 root 3528 3509 7 Sep11 ? 01:24:09 kube-apiserver --service-cluster-ip-range=10.43.0.0/16 --anonymous-auth=false --profiling=false --advertise-address=172.31.7.100 --audit-log-maxsize=100 --cloud-provider= --etcd-keyfile=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kube-node-key.pem --etcd-prefix=/registry --kubelet-preferred-address-types=InternalIP,ExternalIP,Hostname --tls-cipher-suites=TLS_ECDHE_ECDSA_WITH_AES_128_GCM_SHA256,TLS_ECDHE_ECDSA_WITH_AES_256_GCM_SHA384,TLS_ECDHE_ECDSA_WITH_CHACHA20_POLY1305,TLS_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_AES_128_GCM_SHA256,TLS_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_AES_256_GCM_SHA384,TLS_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_CHACHA20_POLY1305 --kubelet-client-key=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kube-apiserver-key.pem --requestheader-username-headers=X-Remote-User --requestheader-extra-headers-prefix=X-Remote-Extra- --requestheader-group-headers=X-Remote-Group --audit-policy-file=/etc/kubernetes/audit-policy.yaml --etcd-certfile=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kube-node.pem --kubelet-client-certificate=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kube-apiserver.pem --service-account-signing-key-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kube-service-account-token-key.pem --storage-backend=etcd3 --service-node-port-range=30000-32767 --bind-address=0.0.0.0 --api-audiences=unknown --tls-cert-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kube-apiserver.pem --runtime-config=policy/v1beta1/podsecuritypolicy=true --allow-privileged=true --enable-admission-plugins=NamespaceLifecycle,LimitRanger,ServiceAccount,DefaultStorageClass,DefaultTolerationSeconds,MutatingAdmissionWebhook,ValidatingAdmissionWebhook,ResourceQuota,NodeRestriction,Priority,TaintNodesByCondition,PersistentVolumeClaimResize,PodSecurityPolicy,EventRateLimit --service-account-issuer=rke --requestheader-allowed-names=kube-apiserver-proxy-client --proxy-client-cert-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kube-apiserver-proxy-client.pem --service-account-key-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kube-service-account-token-key.pem --audit-log-path=/var/log/kube-audit/audit-log.json --audit-log-format=json --authorization-mode=Node,RBAC --etcd-servers=https://172.31.7.100:2379 --service-account-lookup=true --secure-port=6443 --tls-private-key-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kube-apiserver-key.pem --authentication-token-webhook-config-file=/etc/kubernetes/kube-api-authn-webhook.yaml --encryption-provider-config=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/encryption.yaml --kubelet-certificate-authority=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kube-ca.pem --audit-log-maxage=30 --admission-control-config-file=/etc/kubernetes/admission.yaml --etcd-cafile=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kube-ca.pem --proxy-client-key-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kube-apiserver-proxy-client-key.pem --audit-log-maxbackup=10 --client-ca-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kube-ca.pem --requestheader-client-ca-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kube-apiserver-requestheader-ca.pem --authentication-token-webhook-cache-ttl=5s root 1057543 1057522 2 16:15 ? 00:00:00 kube-bench run --targets etcd --scored --nosummary --noremediations --v=0 --config-dir=/etc/kube-bench/cfg --benchmark rke-cis-1.24-hardened --json --log_dir /tmp/sonobuoy/logs --outputfile /tmp/sonobuoy/etcd.json3.2 Logging
3.2.1 Ensure that a minimal audit policy is created (Automated)
Result: pass
Remediation: Create an audit policy file for your cluster.
Audit:
/bin/ps -ef | grep kube-apiserver | grep -v grepExpected Result:
'--audit-policy-file' is presentReturned Value:
root 3528 3509 7 Sep11 ? 01:24:10 kube-apiserver --service-cluster-ip-range=10.43.0.0/16 --anonymous-auth=false --profiling=false --advertise-address=172.31.7.100 --audit-log-maxsize=100 --cloud-provider= --etcd-keyfile=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kube-node-key.pem --etcd-prefix=/registry --kubelet-preferred-address-types=InternalIP,ExternalIP,Hostname --tls-cipher-suites=TLS_ECDHE_ECDSA_WITH_AES_128_GCM_SHA256,TLS_ECDHE_ECDSA_WITH_AES_256_GCM_SHA384,TLS_ECDHE_ECDSA_WITH_CHACHA20_POLY1305,TLS_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_AES_128_GCM_SHA256,TLS_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_AES_256_GCM_SHA384,TLS_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_CHACHA20_POLY1305 --kubelet-client-key=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kube-apiserver-key.pem --requestheader-username-headers=X-Remote-User --requestheader-extra-headers-prefix=X-Remote-Extra- --requestheader-group-headers=X-Remote-Group --audit-policy-file=/etc/kubernetes/audit-policy.yaml --etcd-certfile=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kube-node.pem --kubelet-client-certificate=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kube-apiserver.pem --service-account-signing-key-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kube-service-account-token-key.pem --storage-backend=etcd3 --service-node-port-range=30000-32767 --bind-address=0.0.0.0 --api-audiences=unknown --tls-cert-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kube-apiserver.pem --runtime-config=policy/v1beta1/podsecuritypolicy=true --allow-privileged=true --enable-admission-plugins=NamespaceLifecycle,LimitRanger,ServiceAccount,DefaultStorageClass,DefaultTolerationSeconds,MutatingAdmissionWebhook,ValidatingAdmissionWebhook,ResourceQuota,NodeRestriction,Priority,TaintNodesByCondition,PersistentVolumeClaimResize,PodSecurityPolicy,EventRateLimit --service-account-issuer=rke --requestheader-allowed-names=kube-apiserver-proxy-client --proxy-client-cert-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kube-apiserver-proxy-client.pem --service-account-key-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kube-service-account-token-key.pem --audit-log-path=/var/log/kube-audit/audit-log.json --audit-log-format=json --authorization-mode=Node,RBAC --etcd-servers=https://172.31.7.100:2379 --service-account-lookup=true --secure-port=6443 --tls-private-key-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kube-apiserver-key.pem --authentication-token-webhook-config-file=/etc/kubernetes/kube-api-authn-webhook.yaml --encryption-provider-config=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/encryption.yaml --kubelet-certificate-authority=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kube-ca.pem --audit-log-maxage=30 --admission-control-config-file=/etc/kubernetes/admission.yaml --etcd-cafile=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kube-ca.pem --proxy-client-key-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kube-apiserver-proxy-client-key.pem --audit-log-maxbackup=10 --client-ca-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kube-ca.pem --requestheader-client-ca-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kube-apiserver-requestheader-ca.pem --authentication-token-webhook-cache-ttl=5s3.2.2 Ensure that the audit policy covers key security concerns (Manual)
Result: warn
Remediation: Review the audit policy provided for the cluster and ensure that it covers at least the following areas,
-
Access to Secrets managed by the cluster. Care should be taken to only log Metadata for requests to Secrets, ConfigMaps, and TokenReviews, in order to avoid risk of logging sensitive data.
-
Modification of Pod and Deployment objects.
-
Use of
pods/exec,pods/portforward,pods/proxyandservices/proxy. For most requests, minimally logging at the Metadata level is recommended (the most basic level of logging).
4.1 Worker Node Configuration Files
4.1.1 Ensure that the kubelet service file permissions are set to 600 or more restrictive (Automated)
Result: Not Applicable
Remediation: Cluster provisioned by RKE doesn’t require or maintain a configuration file for the kubelet service. All configuration is passed in as arguments at container run time.
4.1.2 Ensure that the kubelet service file ownership is set to root:root (Automated)
Result: Not Applicable
Remediation: Cluster provisioned by RKE doesn’t require or maintain a configuration file for the kubelet service. All configuration is passed in as arguments at container run time.
4.1.3 If proxy kubeconfig file exists ensure permissions are set to 600 or more restrictive (Automated)
Result: pass
Remediation: Run the below command (based on the file location on your system) on the each worker node. For example, chmod 600 /node/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kubecfg-kube-proxy.yaml
Audit:
/bin/sh -c 'if test -e /node/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kubecfg-kube-proxy.yaml; then stat -c permissions=%a /node/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kubecfg-kube-proxy.yaml; fi'Expected Result:
permissions has permissions 600, expected 600 or more restrictiveReturned Value:
permissions=6004.1.4 If proxy kubeconfig file exists ensure ownership is set to root:root (Automated)
Result: pass
Remediation: Run the below command (based on the file location on your system) on the each worker node. For example, chown root:root /node/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kubecfg-kube-proxy.yaml
Audit:
/bin/sh -c 'if test -e /node/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kubecfg-kube-proxy.yaml; then stat -c %U:%G /node/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kubecfg-kube-proxy.yaml; fi'Expected Result:
'root:root' is presentReturned Value:
root:root4.1.5 Ensure that the --kubeconfig kubelet.conf file permissions are set to 600 or more restrictive (Automated)
Result: pass
Remediation: Run the below command (based on the file location on your system) on the each worker node. For example, chmod 600 /node/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kubecfg-kube-node.yaml
Audit:
/bin/sh -c 'if test -e /node/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kubecfg-kube-node.yaml; then stat -c permissions=%a /node/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kubecfg-kube-node.yaml; fi'Expected Result:
permissions has permissions 600, expected 600 or more restrictiveReturned Value:
permissions=6004.1.6 Ensure that the --kubeconfig kubelet.conf file ownership is set to root:root (Automated)
Result: pass
Remediation: Run the below command (based on the file location on your system) on the each worker node. For example, chown root:root /node/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kubecfg-kube-node.yaml
Audit:
/bin/sh -c 'if test -e /node/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kubecfg-kube-node.yaml; then stat -c %U:%G /node/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kubecfg-kube-node.yaml; fi'Expected Result:
'root:root' is equal to 'root:root'Returned Value:
root:root4.1.7 Ensure that the certificate authorities file permissions are set to 600 or more restrictive (Automated)
Result: fail
Remediation: Run the following command to modify the file permissions of the --client-ca-file chmod 600 <filename>
Audit:
stat -c permissions=%a /node/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kube-ca.pemExpected Result:
permissions has permissions 644, expected 600 or more restrictiveReturned Value:
permissions=6444.1.8 Ensure that the client certificate authorities file ownership is set to root:root (Automated)
Result: pass
Remediation: Run the following command to modify the ownership of the --client-ca-file. chown root:root <filename>
Audit:
stat -c %U:%G /node/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kube-ca.pemExpected Result:
'root:root' is equal to 'root:root'Returned Value:
root:root4.1.9 If the kubelet config.yaml configuration file is being used validate permissions set to 600 or more restrictive (Automated)
Result: Not Applicable
Remediation: Run the following command (using the config file location identified in the Audit step) chmod 600 /var/lib/kubelet/config.yaml
Clusters provisioned by RKE doesn’t require or maintain a configuration file for the kubelet. All configuration is passed in as arguments at container run time.
4.1.10 If the kubelet config.yaml configuration file is being used validate file ownership is set to root:root (Automated)
Result: Not Applicable
Remediation: Run the following command (using the config file location identified in the Audit step) chown root:root /var/lib/kubelet/config.yaml
Clusters provisioned by RKE doesn’t require or maintain a configuration file for the kubelet. All configuration is passed in as arguments at container run time.
4.2 Kubelet
4.2.1 Ensure that the --anonymous-auth argument is set to false (Automated)
Result: pass
Remediation:
If using a Kubelet config file, edit the file to set authentication: anonymous: enabled to
false.
If using executable arguments, edit the kubelet service file
/etc/systemd/system/kubelet.service.d/10-kubeadm.conf on each worker node and
set the below parameter in KUBELET_SYSTEM_PODS_ARGS variable.
--anonymous-auth=false
Based on your system, restart the kubelet service. For example,
systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl restart kubelet.service
Audit:
/bin/ps -fC kubeletAudit Config:
/bin/sh -c 'if test -e /var/lib/kubelet/config.yaml; then /bin/cat /var/lib/kubelet/config.yaml; fi'Expected Result:
'--anonymous-auth' is equal to 'false'Returned Value:
UID PID PPID C STIME TTY TIME CMD root 4429 4031 3 Sep11 ? 00:38:25 kubelet --read-only-port=0 --event-qps=0 --root-dir=/var/lib/kubelet --pod-infra-container-image=rancher/mirrored-pause:3.7 --tls-private-key-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kube-kubelet-172-31-7-100-key.pem --container-runtime-endpoint=unix:///var/run/cri-dockerd.sock --tls-cipher-suites=TLS_ECDHE_ECDSA_WITH_AES_128_GCM_SHA256,TLS_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_AES_128_GCM_SHA256,TLS_ECDHE_ECDSA_WITH_CHACHA20_POLY1305,TLS_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_AES_256_GCM_SHA384,TLS_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_CHACHA20_POLY1305,TLS_ECDHE_ECDSA_WITH_AES_256_GCM_SHA384,TLS_RSA_WITH_AES_256_GCM_SHA384,TLS_RSA_WITH_AES_128_GCM_SHA256 --volume-plugin-dir=/var/lib/kubelet/volumeplugins --cloud-provider= --address=0.0.0.0 --protect-kernel-defaults=true --hostname-override=ip-172-31-7-100 --resolv-conf=/etc/resolv.conf --cluster-dns=10.43.0.10 --cluster-domain=cluster.local --tls-cert-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kube-kubelet-172-31-7-100.pem --make-iptables-util-chains=true --feature-gates=RotateKubeletServerCertificate=true --client-ca-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kube-ca.pem --kubeconfig=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kubecfg-kube-node.yaml --container-runtime=remote --v=2 --anonymous-auth=false --authentication-token-webhook=true --fail-swap-on=false --cgroups-per-qos=True --authorization-mode=Webhook --streaming-connection-idle-timeout=30m --cgroup-driver=cgroupfs --resolv-conf=/run/systemd/resolve/resolv.conf4.2.2 Ensure that the --authorization-mode argument is not set to AlwaysAllow (Automated)
Result: pass
Remediation:
If using a Kubelet config file, edit the file to set authorization.mode to Webhook. If
using executable arguments, edit the kubelet service file
/etc/systemd/system/kubelet.service.d/10-kubeadm.conf on each worker node and
set the below parameter in KUBELET_AUTHZ_ARGS variable.
--authorization-mode=Webhook
Based on your system, restart the kubelet service. For example,
systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl restart kubelet.service
Audit:
/bin/ps -fC kubeletAudit Config:
/bin/sh -c 'if test -e /var/lib/kubelet/config.yaml; then /bin/cat /var/lib/kubelet/config.yaml; fi'Expected Result:
'--authorization-mode' does not have 'AlwaysAllow'Returned Value:
UID PID PPID C STIME TTY TIME CMD root 4429 4031 3 Sep11 ? 00:38:25 kubelet --read-only-port=0 --event-qps=0 --root-dir=/var/lib/kubelet --pod-infra-container-image=rancher/mirrored-pause:3.7 --tls-private-key-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kube-kubelet-172-31-7-100-key.pem --container-runtime-endpoint=unix:///var/run/cri-dockerd.sock --tls-cipher-suites=TLS_ECDHE_ECDSA_WITH_AES_128_GCM_SHA256,TLS_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_AES_128_GCM_SHA256,TLS_ECDHE_ECDSA_WITH_CHACHA20_POLY1305,TLS_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_AES_256_GCM_SHA384,TLS_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_CHACHA20_POLY1305,TLS_ECDHE_ECDSA_WITH_AES_256_GCM_SHA384,TLS_RSA_WITH_AES_256_GCM_SHA384,TLS_RSA_WITH_AES_128_GCM_SHA256 --volume-plugin-dir=/var/lib/kubelet/volumeplugins --cloud-provider= --address=0.0.0.0 --protect-kernel-defaults=true --hostname-override=ip-172-31-7-100 --resolv-conf=/etc/resolv.conf --cluster-dns=10.43.0.10 --cluster-domain=cluster.local --tls-cert-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kube-kubelet-172-31-7-100.pem --make-iptables-util-chains=true --feature-gates=RotateKubeletServerCertificate=true --client-ca-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kube-ca.pem --kubeconfig=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kubecfg-kube-node.yaml --container-runtime=remote --v=2 --anonymous-auth=false --authentication-token-webhook=true --fail-swap-on=false --cgroups-per-qos=True --authorization-mode=Webhook --streaming-connection-idle-timeout=30m --cgroup-driver=cgroupfs --resolv-conf=/run/systemd/resolve/resolv.conf4.2.3 Ensure that the --client-ca-file argument is set as appropriate (Automated)
Result: pass
Remediation:
If using a Kubelet config file, edit the file to set authentication.x509.clientCAFile to
the location of the client CA file.
If using command line arguments, edit the kubelet service file
/etc/systemd/system/kubelet.service.d/10-kubeadm.conf on each worker node and
set the below parameter in KUBELET_AUTHZ_ARGS variable.
--client-ca-file=<path/to/client-ca-file>
Based on your system, restart the kubelet service. For example,
systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl restart kubelet.service
Audit:
/bin/ps -fC kubeletAudit Config:
/bin/sh -c 'if test -e /var/lib/kubelet/config.yaml; then /bin/cat /var/lib/kubelet/config.yaml; fi'Expected Result:
'--client-ca-file' is presentReturned Value:
UID PID PPID C STIME TTY TIME CMD root 4429 4031 3 Sep11 ? 00:38:25 kubelet --read-only-port=0 --event-qps=0 --root-dir=/var/lib/kubelet --pod-infra-container-image=rancher/mirrored-pause:3.7 --tls-private-key-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kube-kubelet-172-31-7-100-key.pem --container-runtime-endpoint=unix:///var/run/cri-dockerd.sock --tls-cipher-suites=TLS_ECDHE_ECDSA_WITH_AES_128_GCM_SHA256,TLS_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_AES_128_GCM_SHA256,TLS_ECDHE_ECDSA_WITH_CHACHA20_POLY1305,TLS_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_AES_256_GCM_SHA384,TLS_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_CHACHA20_POLY1305,TLS_ECDHE_ECDSA_WITH_AES_256_GCM_SHA384,TLS_RSA_WITH_AES_256_GCM_SHA384,TLS_RSA_WITH_AES_128_GCM_SHA256 --volume-plugin-dir=/var/lib/kubelet/volumeplugins --cloud-provider= --address=0.0.0.0 --protect-kernel-defaults=true --hostname-override=ip-172-31-7-100 --resolv-conf=/etc/resolv.conf --cluster-dns=10.43.0.10 --cluster-domain=cluster.local --tls-cert-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kube-kubelet-172-31-7-100.pem --make-iptables-util-chains=true --feature-gates=RotateKubeletServerCertificate=true --client-ca-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kube-ca.pem --kubeconfig=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kubecfg-kube-node.yaml --container-runtime=remote --v=2 --anonymous-auth=false --authentication-token-webhook=true --fail-swap-on=false --cgroups-per-qos=True --authorization-mode=Webhook --streaming-connection-idle-timeout=30m --cgroup-driver=cgroupfs --resolv-conf=/run/systemd/resolve/resolv.conf4.2.4 Verify that the --read-only-port argument is set to 0 (Automated)
Result: pass
Remediation:
If using a Kubelet config file, edit the file to set readOnlyPort to 0.
If using command line arguments, edit the kubelet service file
/etc/systemd/system/kubelet.service.d/10-kubeadm.conf on each worker node and
set the below parameter in KUBELET_SYSTEM_PODS_ARGS variable.
--read-only-port=0
Based on your system, restart the kubelet service. For example,
systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl restart kubelet.service
Audit:
/bin/ps -fC kubeletAudit Config:
/bin/sh -c 'if test -e /var/lib/kubelet/config.yaml; then /bin/cat /var/lib/kubelet/config.yaml; fi'Expected Result:
'--read-only-port' is equal to '0' OR '--read-only-port' is not presentReturned Value:
UID PID PPID C STIME TTY TIME CMD root 4429 4031 3 Sep11 ? 00:38:25 kubelet --read-only-port=0 --event-qps=0 --root-dir=/var/lib/kubelet --pod-infra-container-image=rancher/mirrored-pause:3.7 --tls-private-key-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kube-kubelet-172-31-7-100-key.pem --container-runtime-endpoint=unix:///var/run/cri-dockerd.sock --tls-cipher-suites=TLS_ECDHE_ECDSA_WITH_AES_128_GCM_SHA256,TLS_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_AES_128_GCM_SHA256,TLS_ECDHE_ECDSA_WITH_CHACHA20_POLY1305,TLS_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_AES_256_GCM_SHA384,TLS_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_CHACHA20_POLY1305,TLS_ECDHE_ECDSA_WITH_AES_256_GCM_SHA384,TLS_RSA_WITH_AES_256_GCM_SHA384,TLS_RSA_WITH_AES_128_GCM_SHA256 --volume-plugin-dir=/var/lib/kubelet/volumeplugins --cloud-provider= --address=0.0.0.0 --protect-kernel-defaults=true --hostname-override=ip-172-31-7-100 --resolv-conf=/etc/resolv.conf --cluster-dns=10.43.0.10 --cluster-domain=cluster.local --tls-cert-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kube-kubelet-172-31-7-100.pem --make-iptables-util-chains=true --feature-gates=RotateKubeletServerCertificate=true --client-ca-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kube-ca.pem --kubeconfig=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kubecfg-kube-node.yaml --container-runtime=remote --v=2 --anonymous-auth=false --authentication-token-webhook=true --fail-swap-on=false --cgroups-per-qos=True --authorization-mode=Webhook --streaming-connection-idle-timeout=30m --cgroup-driver=cgroupfs --resolv-conf=/run/systemd/resolve/resolv.conf4.2.5 Ensure that the --streaming-connection-idle-timeout argument is not set to 0 (Manual)
Result: pass
Remediation:
If using a Kubelet config file, edit the file to set streamingConnectionIdleTimeout to a
value other than 0.
If using command line arguments, edit the kubelet service file
/etc/systemd/system/kubelet.service.d/10-kubeadm.conf on each worker node and
set the below parameter in KUBELET_SYSTEM_PODS_ARGS variable.
--streaming-connection-idle-timeout=5m
Based on your system, restart the kubelet service. For example,
systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl restart kubelet.service
Audit:
/bin/ps -fC kubeletAudit Config:
/bin/sh -c 'if test -e /var/lib/kubelet/config.yaml; then /bin/cat /var/lib/kubelet/config.yaml; fi'Expected Result:
'--streaming-connection-idle-timeout' is not equal to '0' OR '--streaming-connection-idle-timeout' is not presentReturned Value:
UID PID PPID C STIME TTY TIME CMD root 4429 4031 3 Sep11 ? 00:38:25 kubelet --read-only-port=0 --event-qps=0 --root-dir=/var/lib/kubelet --pod-infra-container-image=rancher/mirrored-pause:3.7 --tls-private-key-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kube-kubelet-172-31-7-100-key.pem --container-runtime-endpoint=unix:///var/run/cri-dockerd.sock --tls-cipher-suites=TLS_ECDHE_ECDSA_WITH_AES_128_GCM_SHA256,TLS_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_AES_128_GCM_SHA256,TLS_ECDHE_ECDSA_WITH_CHACHA20_POLY1305,TLS_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_AES_256_GCM_SHA384,TLS_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_CHACHA20_POLY1305,TLS_ECDHE_ECDSA_WITH_AES_256_GCM_SHA384,TLS_RSA_WITH_AES_256_GCM_SHA384,TLS_RSA_WITH_AES_128_GCM_SHA256 --volume-plugin-dir=/var/lib/kubelet/volumeplugins --cloud-provider= --address=0.0.0.0 --protect-kernel-defaults=true --hostname-override=ip-172-31-7-100 --resolv-conf=/etc/resolv.conf --cluster-dns=10.43.0.10 --cluster-domain=cluster.local --tls-cert-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kube-kubelet-172-31-7-100.pem --make-iptables-util-chains=true --feature-gates=RotateKubeletServerCertificate=true --client-ca-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kube-ca.pem --kubeconfig=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kubecfg-kube-node.yaml --container-runtime=remote --v=2 --anonymous-auth=false --authentication-token-webhook=true --fail-swap-on=false --cgroups-per-qos=True --authorization-mode=Webhook --streaming-connection-idle-timeout=30m --cgroup-driver=cgroupfs --resolv-conf=/run/systemd/resolve/resolv.conf4.2.6 Ensure that the --protect-kernel-defaults argument is set to true (Automated)
Result: pass
Remediation:
If using a Kubelet config file, edit the file to set protectKernelDefaults to true.
If using command line arguments, edit the kubelet service file
/etc/systemd/system/kubelet.service.d/10-kubeadm.conf on each worker node and
set the below parameter in KUBELET_SYSTEM_PODS_ARGS variable.
--protect-kernel-defaults=true
Based on your system, restart the kubelet service. For example:
systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl restart kubelet.service
Audit:
/bin/ps -fC kubeletAudit Config:
/bin/sh -c 'if test -e /var/lib/kubelet/config.yaml; then /bin/cat /var/lib/kubelet/config.yaml; fi'Expected Result:
'--protect-kernel-defaults' is equal to 'true'Returned Value:
UID PID PPID C STIME TTY TIME CMD root 4429 4031 3 Sep11 ? 00:38:25 kubelet --read-only-port=0 --event-qps=0 --root-dir=/var/lib/kubelet --pod-infra-container-image=rancher/mirrored-pause:3.7 --tls-private-key-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kube-kubelet-172-31-7-100-key.pem --container-runtime-endpoint=unix:///var/run/cri-dockerd.sock --tls-cipher-suites=TLS_ECDHE_ECDSA_WITH_AES_128_GCM_SHA256,TLS_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_AES_128_GCM_SHA256,TLS_ECDHE_ECDSA_WITH_CHACHA20_POLY1305,TLS_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_AES_256_GCM_SHA384,TLS_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_CHACHA20_POLY1305,TLS_ECDHE_ECDSA_WITH_AES_256_GCM_SHA384,TLS_RSA_WITH_AES_256_GCM_SHA384,TLS_RSA_WITH_AES_128_GCM_SHA256 --volume-plugin-dir=/var/lib/kubelet/volumeplugins --cloud-provider= --address=0.0.0.0 --protect-kernel-defaults=true --hostname-override=ip-172-31-7-100 --resolv-conf=/etc/resolv.conf --cluster-dns=10.43.0.10 --cluster-domain=cluster.local --tls-cert-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kube-kubelet-172-31-7-100.pem --make-iptables-util-chains=true --feature-gates=RotateKubeletServerCertificate=true --client-ca-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kube-ca.pem --kubeconfig=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kubecfg-kube-node.yaml --container-runtime=remote --v=2 --anonymous-auth=false --authentication-token-webhook=true --fail-swap-on=false --cgroups-per-qos=True --authorization-mode=Webhook --streaming-connection-idle-timeout=30m --cgroup-driver=cgroupfs --resolv-conf=/run/systemd/resolve/resolv.conf4.2.7 Ensure that the --make-iptables-util-chains argument is set to true (Automated)
Result: pass
Remediation:
If using a Kubelet config file, edit the file to set makeIPTablesUtilChains to true.
If using command line arguments, edit the kubelet service file
/etc/systemd/system/kubelet.service.d/10-kubeadm.conf on each worker node and
remove the --make-iptables-util-chains argument from the
KUBELET_SYSTEM_PODS_ARGS variable.
Based on your system, restart the kubelet service. For example:
systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl restart kubelet.service
Audit:
/bin/ps -fC kubeletAudit Config:
/bin/sh -c 'if test -e /var/lib/kubelet/config.yaml; then /bin/cat /var/lib/kubelet/config.yaml; fi'Expected Result:
'--make-iptables-util-chains' is equal to 'true' OR '--make-iptables-util-chains' is not presentReturned Value:
UID PID PPID C STIME TTY TIME CMD root 4429 4031 3 Sep11 ? 00:38:25 kubelet --read-only-port=0 --event-qps=0 --root-dir=/var/lib/kubelet --pod-infra-container-image=rancher/mirrored-pause:3.7 --tls-private-key-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kube-kubelet-172-31-7-100-key.pem --container-runtime-endpoint=unix:///var/run/cri-dockerd.sock --tls-cipher-suites=TLS_ECDHE_ECDSA_WITH_AES_128_GCM_SHA256,TLS_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_AES_128_GCM_SHA256,TLS_ECDHE_ECDSA_WITH_CHACHA20_POLY1305,TLS_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_AES_256_GCM_SHA384,TLS_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_CHACHA20_POLY1305,TLS_ECDHE_ECDSA_WITH_AES_256_GCM_SHA384,TLS_RSA_WITH_AES_256_GCM_SHA384,TLS_RSA_WITH_AES_128_GCM_SHA256 --volume-plugin-dir=/var/lib/kubelet/volumeplugins --cloud-provider= --address=0.0.0.0 --protect-kernel-defaults=true --hostname-override=ip-172-31-7-100 --resolv-conf=/etc/resolv.conf --cluster-dns=10.43.0.10 --cluster-domain=cluster.local --tls-cert-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kube-kubelet-172-31-7-100.pem --make-iptables-util-chains=true --feature-gates=RotateKubeletServerCertificate=true --client-ca-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kube-ca.pem --kubeconfig=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kubecfg-kube-node.yaml --container-runtime=remote --v=2 --anonymous-auth=false --authentication-token-webhook=true --fail-swap-on=false --cgroups-per-qos=True --authorization-mode=Webhook --streaming-connection-idle-timeout=30m --cgroup-driver=cgroupfs --resolv-conf=/run/systemd/resolve/resolv.conf4.2.8 Ensure that the --hostname-override argument is not set (Manual)
Result: Not Applicable
Remediation: Edit the kubelet service file /etc/systemd/system/kubelet.service.d/10-kubeadm.conf on each worker node and remove the --hostname-override argument from the KUBELET_SYSTEM_PODS_ARGS variable. Based on your system, restart the kubelet service. For example, systemctl daemon-reload systemctl restart kubelet.service
Clusters provisioned by RKE set the --hostname-override to avoid any hostname configuration errors
4.2.9 Ensure that the eventRecordQPS argument is set to a level which ensures appropriate event capture (Manual)
Result: pass
Remediation:
If using a Kubelet config file, edit the file to set eventRecordQPS to an appropriate level.
If using command line arguments, edit the kubelet service file
/etc/systemd/system/kubelet.service.d/10-kubeadm.conf on each worker node and
set the below parameter in KUBELET_SYSTEM_PODS_ARGS variable.
Based on your system, restart the kubelet service. For example,
systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl restart kubelet.service
Audit:
/bin/ps -fC kubeletAudit Config:
/bin/sh -c 'if test -e /var/lib/kubelet/config.yaml; then /bin/cat /var/lib/kubelet/config.yaml; fi'Expected Result:
'--event-qps' is equal to '0'Returned Value:
UID PID PPID C STIME TTY TIME CMD root 4429 4031 3 Sep11 ? 00:38:25 kubelet --read-only-port=0 --event-qps=0 --root-dir=/var/lib/kubelet --pod-infra-container-image=rancher/mirrored-pause:3.7 --tls-private-key-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kube-kubelet-172-31-7-100-key.pem --container-runtime-endpoint=unix:///var/run/cri-dockerd.sock --tls-cipher-suites=TLS_ECDHE_ECDSA_WITH_AES_128_GCM_SHA256,TLS_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_AES_128_GCM_SHA256,TLS_ECDHE_ECDSA_WITH_CHACHA20_POLY1305,TLS_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_AES_256_GCM_SHA384,TLS_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_CHACHA20_POLY1305,TLS_ECDHE_ECDSA_WITH_AES_256_GCM_SHA384,TLS_RSA_WITH_AES_256_GCM_SHA384,TLS_RSA_WITH_AES_128_GCM_SHA256 --volume-plugin-dir=/var/lib/kubelet/volumeplugins --cloud-provider= --address=0.0.0.0 --protect-kernel-defaults=true --hostname-override=ip-172-31-7-100 --resolv-conf=/etc/resolv.conf --cluster-dns=10.43.0.10 --cluster-domain=cluster.local --tls-cert-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kube-kubelet-172-31-7-100.pem --make-iptables-util-chains=true --feature-gates=RotateKubeletServerCertificate=true --client-ca-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kube-ca.pem --kubeconfig=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kubecfg-kube-node.yaml --container-runtime=remote --v=2 --anonymous-auth=false --authentication-token-webhook=true --fail-swap-on=false --cgroups-per-qos=True --authorization-mode=Webhook --streaming-connection-idle-timeout=30m --cgroup-driver=cgroupfs --resolv-conf=/run/systemd/resolve/resolv.conf4.2.10 Ensure that the --tls-cert-file and --tls-private-key-file arguments are set as appropriate (Automated)
Result: pass
Remediation:
If using a Kubelet config file, edit the file to set tlsCertFile to the location
of the certificate file to use to identify this Kubelet, and tlsPrivateKeyFile
to the location of the corresponding private key file.
If using command line arguments, edit the kubelet service file
/etc/systemd/system/kubelet.service.d/10-kubeadm.conf on each worker node and
set the below parameters in KUBELET_CERTIFICATE_ARGS variable.
--tls-cert-file=<path/to/tls-certificate-file>
--tls-private-key-file=<path/to/tls-key-file>
Based on your system, restart the kubelet service. For example,
systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl restart kubelet.service
Audit:
/bin/ps -fC kubeletAudit Config:
/bin/sh -c 'if test -e /var/lib/kubelet/config.yaml; then /bin/cat /var/lib/kubelet/config.yaml; fi'Expected Result:
'--tls-cert-file' is present AND '--tls-private-key-file' is presentReturned Value:
UID PID PPID C STIME TTY TIME CMD root 4429 4031 3 Sep11 ? 00:38:25 kubelet --read-only-port=0 --event-qps=0 --root-dir=/var/lib/kubelet --pod-infra-container-image=rancher/mirrored-pause:3.7 --tls-private-key-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kube-kubelet-172-31-7-100-key.pem --container-runtime-endpoint=unix:///var/run/cri-dockerd.sock --tls-cipher-suites=TLS_ECDHE_ECDSA_WITH_AES_128_GCM_SHA256,TLS_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_AES_128_GCM_SHA256,TLS_ECDHE_ECDSA_WITH_CHACHA20_POLY1305,TLS_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_AES_256_GCM_SHA384,TLS_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_CHACHA20_POLY1305,TLS_ECDHE_ECDSA_WITH_AES_256_GCM_SHA384,TLS_RSA_WITH_AES_256_GCM_SHA384,TLS_RSA_WITH_AES_128_GCM_SHA256 --volume-plugin-dir=/var/lib/kubelet/volumeplugins --cloud-provider= --address=0.0.0.0 --protect-kernel-defaults=true --hostname-override=ip-172-31-7-100 --resolv-conf=/etc/resolv.conf --cluster-dns=10.43.0.10 --cluster-domain=cluster.local --tls-cert-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kube-kubelet-172-31-7-100.pem --make-iptables-util-chains=true --feature-gates=RotateKubeletServerCertificate=true --client-ca-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kube-ca.pem --kubeconfig=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kubecfg-kube-node.yaml --container-runtime=remote --v=2 --anonymous-auth=false --authentication-token-webhook=true --fail-swap-on=false --cgroups-per-qos=True --authorization-mode=Webhook --streaming-connection-idle-timeout=30m --cgroup-driver=cgroupfs --resolv-conf=/run/systemd/resolve/resolv.conf4.2.11 Ensure that the --rotate-certificates argument is not set to false (Automated)
Result: pass
Remediation:
If using a Kubelet config file, edit the file to add the line rotateCertificates to true or
remove it altogether to use the default value.
If using command line arguments, edit the kubelet service file
/etc/systemd/system/kubelet.service.d/10-kubeadm.conf on each worker node and
remove --rotate-certificates=false argument from the KUBELET_CERTIFICATE_ARGS
variable.
Based on your system, restart the kubelet service. For example,
systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl restart kubelet.service
Audit:
/bin/ps -fC kubeletAudit Config:
/bin/sh -c 'if test -e /var/lib/kubelet/config.yaml; then /bin/cat /var/lib/kubelet/config.yaml; fi'Expected Result:
'--rotate-certificates' is present OR '--rotate-certificates' is not presentReturned Value:
UID PID PPID C STIME TTY TIME CMD root 4429 4031 3 Sep11 ? 00:38:25 kubelet --read-only-port=0 --event-qps=0 --root-dir=/var/lib/kubelet --pod-infra-container-image=rancher/mirrored-pause:3.7 --tls-private-key-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kube-kubelet-172-31-7-100-key.pem --container-runtime-endpoint=unix:///var/run/cri-dockerd.sock --tls-cipher-suites=TLS_ECDHE_ECDSA_WITH_AES_128_GCM_SHA256,TLS_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_AES_128_GCM_SHA256,TLS_ECDHE_ECDSA_WITH_CHACHA20_POLY1305,TLS_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_AES_256_GCM_SHA384,TLS_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_CHACHA20_POLY1305,TLS_ECDHE_ECDSA_WITH_AES_256_GCM_SHA384,TLS_RSA_WITH_AES_256_GCM_SHA384,TLS_RSA_WITH_AES_128_GCM_SHA256 --volume-plugin-dir=/var/lib/kubelet/volumeplugins --cloud-provider= --address=0.0.0.0 --protect-kernel-defaults=true --hostname-override=ip-172-31-7-100 --resolv-conf=/etc/resolv.conf --cluster-dns=10.43.0.10 --cluster-domain=cluster.local --tls-cert-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kube-kubelet-172-31-7-100.pem --make-iptables-util-chains=true --feature-gates=RotateKubeletServerCertificate=true --client-ca-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kube-ca.pem --kubeconfig=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kubecfg-kube-node.yaml --container-runtime=remote --v=2 --anonymous-auth=false --authentication-token-webhook=true --fail-swap-on=false --cgroups-per-qos=True --authorization-mode=Webhook --streaming-connection-idle-timeout=30m --cgroup-driver=cgroupfs --resolv-conf=/run/systemd/resolve/resolv.conf4.2.12 Verify that the RotateKubeletServerCertificate argument is set to true (Manual)
Result: Not Applicable
Remediation: Edit the kubelet service file /etc/systemd/system/kubelet.service.d/10-kubeadm.conf on each worker node and set the below parameter in KUBELET_CERTIFICATE_ARGS variable. --feature-gates=RotateKubeletServerCertificate=true Based on your system, restart the kubelet service. For example: systemctl daemon-reload systemctl restart kubelet.service
Clusters provisioned by RKE handles certificate rotation directly through RKE.
Audit Config:
/bin/sh -c 'if test -e /var/lib/kubelet/config.yaml; then /bin/cat /var/lib/kubelet/config.yaml; fi'4.2.13 Ensure that the Kubelet only makes use of Strong Cryptographic Ciphers (Automated)
Result: pass
Remediation:
If using a Kubelet config file, edit the file to set TLSCipherSuites to
TLS_ECDHE_ECDSA_WITH_AES_128_GCM_SHA256,TLS_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_AES_128_GCM_SHA256,TLS_ECDHE_ECDSA_WITH_CHACHA20_POLY1305,TLS_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_AES_256_GCM_SHA384,TLS_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_CHACHA20_POLY1305,TLS_ECDHE_ECDSA_WITH_AES_256_GCM_SHA384,TLS_RSA_WITH_AES_256_GCM_SHA384,TLS_RSA_WITH_AES_128_GCM_SHA256
or to a subset of these values.
If using executable arguments, edit the kubelet service file
/etc/systemd/system/kubelet.service.d/10-kubeadm.conf on each worker node and
set the --tls-cipher-suites parameter as follows, or to a subset of these values.
--tls-cipher-suites=TLS_ECDHE_ECDSA_WITH_AES_128_GCM_SHA256,TLS_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_AES_128_GCM_SHA256,TLS_ECDHE_ECDSA_WITH_CHACHA20_POLY1305,TLS_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_AES_256_GCM_SHA384,TLS_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_CHACHA20_POLY1305,TLS_ECDHE_ECDSA_WITH_AES_256_GCM_SHA384,TLS_RSA_WITH_AES_256_GCM_SHA384,TLS_RSA_WITH_AES_128_GCM_SHA256
Based on your system, restart the kubelet service. For example:
systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl restart kubelet.service
Audit:
/bin/ps -fC kubeletAudit Config:
/bin/sh -c 'if test -e /var/lib/kubelet/config.yaml; then /bin/cat /var/lib/kubelet/config.yaml; fi'Expected Result:
'--tls-cipher-suites' contains valid elements from 'TLS_ECDHE_ECDSA_WITH_AES_128_GCM_SHA256,TLS_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_AES_128_GCM_SHA256,TLS_ECDHE_ECDSA_WITH_CHACHA20_POLY1305,TLS_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_AES_256_GCM_SHA384,TLS_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_CHACHA20_POLY1305,TLS_ECDHE_ECDSA_WITH_AES_256_GCM_SHA384,TLS_RSA_WITH_AES_256_GCM_SHA384,TLS_RSA_WITH_AES_128_GCM_SHA256'Returned Value:
UID PID PPID C STIME TTY TIME CMD root 4429 4031 3 Sep11 ? 00:38:25 kubelet --read-only-port=0 --event-qps=0 --root-dir=/var/lib/kubelet --pod-infra-container-image=rancher/mirrored-pause:3.7 --tls-private-key-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kube-kubelet-172-31-7-100-key.pem --container-runtime-endpoint=unix:///var/run/cri-dockerd.sock --tls-cipher-suites=TLS_ECDHE_ECDSA_WITH_AES_128_GCM_SHA256,TLS_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_AES_128_GCM_SHA256,TLS_ECDHE_ECDSA_WITH_CHACHA20_POLY1305,TLS_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_AES_256_GCM_SHA384,TLS_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_CHACHA20_POLY1305,TLS_ECDHE_ECDSA_WITH_AES_256_GCM_SHA384,TLS_RSA_WITH_AES_256_GCM_SHA384,TLS_RSA_WITH_AES_128_GCM_SHA256 --volume-plugin-dir=/var/lib/kubelet/volumeplugins --cloud-provider= --address=0.0.0.0 --protect-kernel-defaults=true --hostname-override=ip-172-31-7-100 --resolv-conf=/etc/resolv.conf --cluster-dns=10.43.0.10 --cluster-domain=cluster.local --tls-cert-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kube-kubelet-172-31-7-100.pem --make-iptables-util-chains=true --feature-gates=RotateKubeletServerCertificate=true --client-ca-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kube-ca.pem --kubeconfig=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kubecfg-kube-node.yaml --container-runtime=remote --v=2 --anonymous-auth=false --authentication-token-webhook=true --fail-swap-on=false --cgroups-per-qos=True --authorization-mode=Webhook --streaming-connection-idle-timeout=30m --cgroup-driver=cgroupfs --resolv-conf=/run/systemd/resolve/resolv.conf5.1 RBAC and Service Accounts
5.1.1 Ensure that the cluster-admin role is only used where required (Manual)
Result: warn
Remediation: Identify all clusterrolebindings to the cluster-admin role. Check if they are used and if they need this role or if they could use a role with fewer privileges. Where possible, first bind users to a lower privileged role and then remove the clusterrolebinding to the cluster-admin role : kubectl delete clusterrolebinding [name]
5.1.2 Minimize access to secrets (Manual)
Result: warn
Remediation: Where possible, remove get, list and watch access to Secret objects in the cluster.
5.1.3 Minimize wildcard use in Roles and ClusterRoles (Manual)
Result: warn
Remediation: Where possible replace any use of wildcards in clusterroles and roles with specific objects or actions.
5.1.4 Minimize access to create pods (Manual)
Result: warn
Remediation: Where possible, remove create access to pod objects in the cluster.
5.1.5 Ensure that default service accounts are not actively used. (Automated)
Result: pass
Remediation: Create explicit service accounts wherever a Kubernetes workload requires specific access to the Kubernetes API server. Modify the configuration of each default service account to include this value automountServiceAccountToken: false
Audit Script: check_for_default_sa.sh
#!/bin/bash
set -eE
handle_error() {
echo "false"
}
trap 'handle_error' ERR
count_sa=$(kubectl get serviceaccounts --all-namespaces -o json | jq -r '.items[] | select(.metadata.name=="default") | select((.automountServiceAccountToken == null) or (.automountServiceAccountToken == true))' | jq .metadata.namespace | wc -l)
if [[ ${count_sa} -gt 0 ]]; then
echo "false"
exit
fi
for ns in $(kubectl get ns --no-headers -o custom-columns=":metadata.name")
do
for result in $(kubectl get clusterrolebinding,rolebinding -n $ns -o json | jq -r '.items[] | select((.subjects[]?.kind=="ServiceAccount" and .subjects[]?.name=="default") or (.subjects[]?.kind=="Group" and .subjects[]?.name=="system:serviceaccounts"))' | jq -r '"\(.roleRef.kind),\(.roleRef.name)"')
do
read kind name <<<$(IFS=","; echo $result)
resource_count=$(kubectl get $kind $name -n $ns -o json | jq -r '.rules[] | select(.resources[]? != "podsecuritypolicies")' | wc -l)
if [[ ${resource_count} -gt 0 ]]; then
echo "false"
exit
fi
done
done
echo "true"Audit Execution:
./check_for_default_sa.shExpected Result:
'true' is equal to 'true'Returned Value:
Error from server (Forbidden): roles.rbac.authorization.k8s.io "default-psp-role" is forbidden: User "system:serviceaccount:cis-operator-system:cis-serviceaccount" cannot get resource "roles" in API group "rbac.authorization.k8s.io" in the namespace "ingress-nginx" Error from server (Forbidden): roles.rbac.authorization.k8s.io "default-psp-role" is forbidden: User "system:serviceaccount:cis-operator-system:cis-serviceaccount" cannot get resource "roles" in API group "rbac.authorization.k8s.io" in the namespace "ingress-nginx" Error from server (Forbidden): roles.rbac.authorization.k8s.io "default-psp-role" is forbidden: User "system:serviceaccount:cis-operator-system:cis-serviceaccount" cannot get resource "roles" in API group "rbac.authorization.k8s.io" in the namespace "ingress-nginx" Error from server (Forbidden): roles.rbac.authorization.k8s.io "default-psp-role" is forbidden: User "system:serviceaccount:cis-operator-system:cis-serviceaccount" cannot get resource "roles" in API group "rbac.authorization.k8s.io" in the namespace "ingress-nginx" Error from server (Forbidden): roles.rbac.authorization.k8s.io "default-psp-role" is forbidden: User "system:serviceaccount:cis-operator-system:cis-serviceaccount" cannot get resource "roles" in API group "rbac.authorization.k8s.io" in the namespace "kube-system" Error from server (Forbidden): roles.rbac.authorization.k8s.io "default-psp-role" is forbidden: User "system:serviceaccount:cis-operator-system:cis-serviceaccount" cannot get resource "roles" in API group "rbac.authorization.k8s.io" in the namespace "kube-system" Error from server (Forbidden): roles.rbac.authorization.k8s.io "default-psp-role" is forbidden: User "system:serviceaccount:cis-operator-system:cis-serviceaccount" cannot get resource "roles" in API group "rbac.authorization.k8s.io" in the namespace "kube-system" Error from server (Forbidden): roles.rbac.authorization.k8s.io "default-psp-role" is forbidden: User "system:serviceaccount:cis-operator-system:cis-serviceaccount" cannot get resource "roles" in API group "rbac.authorization.k8s.io" in the namespace "kube-system" true5.1.6 Ensure that Service Account Tokens are only mounted where necessary (Manual)
Result: warn
Remediation: Modify the definition of pods and service accounts which do not need to mount service account tokens to disable it.
5.2 Pod Security Standards
5.2.1 Ensure that the cluster has at least one active policy control mechanism in place (Manual)
Result: warn
Remediation: Ensure that either Pod Security Admission or an external policy control system is in place for every namespace which contains user workloads.
5.2.2 Minimize the admission of privileged containers (Manual)
Result: warn
Remediation: Add policies to each namespace in the cluster which has user workloads to restrict the admission of privileged containers.
5.2.3 Minimize the admission of containers wishing to share the host process ID namespace (Automated)
Result: pass
Remediation:
Add policies to each namespace in the cluster which has user workloads to restrict the
admission of hostPID containers.
Audit:
kubectl get psp -o json | jq .items[] | jq -r 'select((.spec.hostPID == null) or (.spec.hostPID == false))' | jq .metadata.name | wc -l | xargs -I {} echo '--count={}'Expected Result:
'count' is greater than 0Returned Value:
Warning: policy/v1beta1 PodSecurityPolicy is deprecated in v1.21+, unavailable in v1.25+ --count=15.2.4 Minimize the admission of containers wishing to share the host IPC namespace (Automated)
Result: pass
Remediation:
Add policies to each namespace in the cluster which has user workloads to restrict the
admission of hostIPC containers.
Audit:
kubectl get psp -o json | jq .items[] | jq -r 'select((.spec.hostIPC == null) or (.spec.hostIPC == false))' | jq .metadata.name | wc -l | xargs -I {} echo '--count={}'Expected Result:
'count' is greater than 0Returned Value:
Warning: policy/v1beta1 PodSecurityPolicy is deprecated in v1.21+, unavailable in v1.25+ --count=15.2.5 Minimize the admission of containers wishing to share the host network namespace (Automated)
Result: pass
Remediation:
Add policies to each namespace in the cluster which has user workloads to restrict the
admission of hostNetwork containers.
Audit:
kubectl get psp -o json | jq .items[] | jq -r 'select((.spec.hostNetwork == null) or (.spec.hostNetwork == false))' | jq .metadata.name | wc -l | xargs -I {} echo '--count={}'Expected Result:
'count' is greater than 0Returned Value:
Warning: policy/v1beta1 PodSecurityPolicy is deprecated in v1.21+, unavailable in v1.25+ --count=15.2.6 Minimize the admission of containers with allowPrivilegeEscalation (Automated)
Result: pass
Remediation:
Add policies to each namespace in the cluster which has user workloads to restrict the
admission of containers with .spec.allowPrivilegeEscalation set to true.
Audit:
kubectl get psp -o json | jq .items[] | jq -r 'select((.spec.allowPrivilegeEscalation == null) or (.spec.allowPrivilegeEscalation == false))' | jq .metadata.name | wc -l | xargs -I {} echo '--count={}'Expected Result:
'count' is greater than 0Returned Value:
Warning: policy/v1beta1 PodSecurityPolicy is deprecated in v1.21+, unavailable in v1.25+ --count=15.2.7 Minimize the admission of root containers (Manual)
Result: warn
Remediation:
Create a policy for each namespace in the cluster, ensuring that either MustRunAsNonRoot
or MustRunAs with the range of UIDs not including 0, is set.
5.2.8 Minimize the admission of containers with the NET_RAW capability (Manual)
Result: warn
Remediation:
Add policies to each namespace in the cluster which has user workloads to restrict the
admission of containers with the NET_RAW capability.
5.2.9 Minimize the admission of containers with added capabilities (Manual)
Result: warn
Remediation:
Ensure that allowedCapabilities is not present in policies for the cluster unless
it is set to an empty array.
5.2.10 Minimize the admission of containers with capabilities assigned (Manual)
Result: warn
Remediation: Review the use of capabilites in applications running on your cluster. Where a namespace contains applicaions which do not require any Linux capabities to operate consider adding a PSP which forbids the admission of containers which do not drop all capabilities.
5.2.11 Minimize the admission of Windows HostProcess containers (Manual)
Result: warn
Remediation:
Add policies to each namespace in the cluster which has user workloads to restrict the
admission of containers that have .securityContext.windowsOptions.hostProcess set to true.
5.3 Network Policies and CNI
5.3.1 Ensure that the CNI in use supports NetworkPolicies (Manual)
Result: warn
Remediation: If the CNI plugin in use does not support network policies, consideration should be given to making use of a different plugin, or finding an alternate mechanism for restricting traffic in the Kubernetes cluster.
5.3.2 Ensure that all Namespaces have NetworkPolicies defined (Automated)
Result: pass
Remediation: Follow the documentation and create NetworkPolicy objects as you need them.
Audit Script: check_for_network_policies.sh
#!/bin/bash
set -eE
handle_error() {
echo "false"
}
trap 'handle_error' ERR
for namespace in $(kubectl get namespaces --all-namespaces -o json | jq -r '.items[].metadata.name'); do
policy_count=$(kubectl get networkpolicy -n ${namespace} -o json | jq '.items | length')
if [[ ${policy_count} -eq 0 ]]; then
echo "false"
exit
fi
done
echo "true"Audit Execution:
./check_for_network_policies.shExpected Result:
'true' is equal to 'true'Returned Value:
true5.4 Secrets Management
5.7 General Policies
5.7.1 Create administrative boundaries between resources using namespaces (Manual)
Result: warn
Remediation: Follow the documentation and create namespaces for objects in your deployment as you need them.
5.7.2 Ensure that the seccomp profile is set to docker/default in your Pod definitions (Manual)
Result: warn
Remediation:
Use securityContext to enable the docker/default seccomp profile in your pod definitions.
An example is as below:
securityContext:
seccompProfile:
type: RuntimeDefault
5.7.3 Apply SecurityContext to your Pods and Containers (Manual)
Result: warn
Remediation: Follow the Kubernetes documentation and apply SecurityContexts to your Pods. For a suggested list of SecurityContexts, you may refer to the CIS Security Benchmark for Docker Containers.
5.7.4 The default namespace should not be used (Automated)
Result: pass
Remediation: Ensure that namespaces are created to allow for appropriate segregation of Kubernetes resources and that all new resources are created in a specific namespace.
Audit Script: check_for_default_ns.sh
#!/bin/bash
set -eE
handle_error() {
echo "false"
}
trap 'handle_error' ERR
count=$(kubectl get all -n default -o json | jq .items[] | jq -r 'select((.metadata.name!="kubernetes"))' | jq .metadata.name | wc -l)
if [[ ${count} -gt 0 ]]; then
echo "false"
exit
fi
echo "true"Audit Execution:
./check_for_default_ns.shExpected Result:
'true' is equal to 'true'Returned Value:
true