Applies to SUSE Linux Enterprise Server 15 SP3

4 Configuration and installation options #

This section contains configuration examples for services, registration, user and group management, upgrades, partitioning, configuration management, SSH key management, firewall configuration, and other installation options.

This chapter introduces important parts of a control file for standard purposes. To learn about other available options, use the configuration management system.

Note that for some configuration options to work, additional packages need to be installed, depending on the software selection you have configured. If you choose to install a minimal system then some packages might be missing and need to be added to the individual package selection.

YaST will install packages required in the second phase of the installation and before the post-installation phase of AutoYaST has started. However, if necessary YaST modules are not available in the system, important configuration steps will be skipped. For example, no security settings will be configured if yast2-security is not installed.

4.1 General options #

The general section includes all settings that influence the installation workflow. The overall structure of this section looks like the following:

<?xml version="1.0"?>
<!DOCTYPE profile>
<profile xmlns="http://www.suse.com/1.0/yast2ns"
 xmlns:config="http://www.suse.com/1.0/configns">
 <general>
  <ask-list>1
   ...
  </ask-list>
  <cio_ignore>2
   ...
  </cio_ignore>
  <mode>3
   ...
  </mode>
  <proposals>4
   ...
  </proposals>
  <self_update>5
  ...
 </self_update>
  <self_update_url>
   ...
  </self_update_url>
  <semi-automatic config:type="list">6
  ...
  </semi-automatic>
  <signature-handling>7
   ...
  </signature-handling>
  <storage>8
   ...
  </storage>
  <wait>9
   ...
  </wait>
 </general>
<profile>

1	Section 4.34, “Ask the user for values during installation”
2	Section 4.1.7, “Ignoring unused devices on IBM Z”
3	Section 4.1.1, “The mode section”
4	Section 4.1.2, “Configuring the installation settings screen”
5	Section 4.1.3, “The self-update section”
6	Section 4.1.4, “The semi-automatic section”
7	Section 4.1.5, “The signature handling section”
8	Section 4.5, “Partitioning”
9	Section 4.1.6, “The wait section”

4.1.1 The mode section #

The mode section configures the behavior of AutoYaST with regard to user confirmations and rebooting. The following elements are allowed in the mode section:

activate_systemd_default_target

If you set this entry to false, the default systemd target will not be activated via the call systemctl isolate. Setting this value is optional. The default is true.

<general>
 <mode>
  <activate_systemd_default_target config:type="boolean">
   true
  </activate_systemd_default_target>
 </mode>
 ...
</general>

confirm

By default, the installation stops at the Installation Settings screen. Up to this point, no changes have been made to the system and settings may be changed on this screen. To proceed and finally start the installation, the user needs to confirm the settings. By setting this value to false the settings are automatically accepted and the installation starts. Only set to false to carry out a fully unattended installation. Setting this value is optional. The default is true.

<general>
 <mode>
  <confirm config:type="boolean">true</confirm>
 </mode>
 ...
</general>

confirm_base_product_license

If you set this to true, the EULA of the base product will be shown. The user needs to accept this license. Otherwise the installation will be canceled. Setting this value is optional. The default is false. This setting applies to the base product license only. Use the flag confirm_license in the add-on section for additional licenses (see Section 4.9.3, “Installing additional/customized packages or products” for details).

<general>
 <mode>
  <confirm_base_product_license config:type="boolean">
   false
  </confirm_base_product_license>
 </mode>
 ...
</general>

final_halt

When set to true, the machine shuts down after everything is installed and configured at the end of the second stage. If you enable final_halt, you do not need to set the final_reboot option to true.

<general>
 <mode>
  <final_halt config:type="boolean">false</final_halt>
 </mode>
 ...
</general>

final_reboot

When set to true, the machine reboots after everything is installed and configured at the end of the second stage. If you enable final_reboot, you do not need to set the final_halt option to true.

<general>
 <mode>
  <final_reboot config:type="boolean">true</final_reboot>
 </mode>
 ...
</general>

final_restart_services

If you set this entry to false, services will not be restarted at the end of the installation (when everything is installed and configured at the end of the second stage). Setting this value is optional. The default is true.

<general>
 <mode>
  <final_restart_services config:type="boolean">
   true
  </final_restart_services>
 </mode>
 ...
</general>

halt

Shuts down the machine after the first stage. All packages and the boot loader have been installed and all your chroot scripts have run. Instead of rebooting into stage two, the machine is turned off. If you turn it on again, the machine boots and the second stage of the autoinstallation starts. Setting this value is optional. The default is false.

<general>
 <mode>
  <halt config:type="boolean">false</halt>
 </mode>
 ...
</general>

max_systemd_wait

Specifies how long AutoYaST waits (in seconds) at most for systemd to set up the default target. Setting this value is optional and should not normally be required. The default is 30 (seconds).

<general>
 <mode>
  <max_systemd_wait config:type="integer">30</max_systemd_wait>
 </mode>
 ...
</general>

ntp_sync_time_before_installation

Specify the NTP server with which to synchronize time before starting the installation. Time synchronization will only occur if this option is set. Keep in mind that you need a network connection and access to a time server. Setting this value is optional. By default no time synchronization will occur.

<general>
     <mode>
      <ntp_sync_time_before_installation>
       &ntpname;
      </ntp_sync_time_before_installation>
     </mode>
     ...
    </general>

second_stage

A regular installation of SUSE Linux Enterprise Server is performed in a single stage. The auto-installation process, however, is divided into two stages. After the installation of the basic system the system boots into the second stage where the system configuration is done. Set this option to false to disable the second stage. Setting this value is optional. The default is true.

<general>
 <mode>
  <second_stage config:type="boolean">true</second_stage>
 </mode>
 ...
</general>

4.1.2 Configuring the installation settings screen #

AutoYaST allows you to configure the Installation Settings screen, which shows a summary of the installation settings. On this screen, the user can change the settings before confirming them to start the installation. Using the proposal tag, you can control which settings (“proposals”) are shown in the installation screen. A list of valid proposals for your products is available from the /control.xml file on the installation medium. This setting is optional. By default all configuration options will be shown.

<proposals config:type="list">
 <proposal>partitions_proposal</proposal>
 <proposal>timezone_proposal</proposal>
 <proposal>software_proposal</proposal>
</proposals>

4.1.3 The self-update section #

During the installation, YaST can update itself to solve bugs in the installer that were discovered after the release. Refer to the Deployment Guide for further information about this feature.

Important: Quarterly media update: self-update disabled

The installer self-update is only available if you use the GM images of the Unified Installer and Packages ISOs. If you install from the ISOs published as quarterly updates (they can be identified by the string QU in the name), the installer cannot update itself, because this feature has been disabled in the update media.

Use the following tags to configure the YaST self-update:

self_update

If set to true or false, this option enables or disables the YaST self-update feature. Setting this value is optional. The default is true.

<general>
 <self_update config:type="boolean">true</self_update>
 ...
</general>

Alternatively, you can specify the boot parameter self_update=1 on the kernel command line.

self_update_url

Location of the update repository to use during the YaST self-update. For more information, refer to the Deployment Guide.

Important: Installer self-update repository only

The self_update_url parameter expects only the installer self-update repository URL. Do not supply any other repository URL—for example the URL of the software update repository.

<general>
 <self_update_url>
  http://example.com/updates/$arch
 </self_update_url>
 ...
</general>

The URL may contain the variable $arch. It will be replaced by the system's architecture, such as x86_64, s390x, etc.

Alternatively, you can specify the boot parameter self_update=1 together with self_update=URL on the kernel command line.

4.1.4 The semi-automatic section #

AutoYaST offers to start some YaST modules during the installation. This is useful to give the administrators installing the machine the possibility to manually configure some aspects of the installation while at the same time automating the rest of the installation. Within the semi-automatic section, you can start the following YaST modules:

The network settings module (networking)
The partitioner (partitioning)
The registration module (scc)

The following example starts all three supported YaST modules during the installation:

<general>
 <semi-automatic config:type="list">
  <semi-automatic_entry>networking</semi-automatic_entry>
  <semi-automatic_entry>scc</semi-automatic_entry>
  <semi-automatic_entry>partitioning</semi-automatic_entry>
 </semi-automatic>
</general>

4.1.5 The signature handling section #

By default AutoYaST will only install signed packages from sources with known GPG keys. Use this section to overwrite the default settings.

Warning: Overwriting the signature handling defaults

Installing unsigned packages, packages with failing checksum checks, or packages from sources you do not trust is a major security risk. Packages may have been modified and may install malicious software on your machine. Only overwrite the defaults in this section if you are sure the repository and packages can be trusted. SUSE is not responsible for any problems arising from software installed with integrity checks disabled.

Default values for all options are false. If an option is set to false and a package or repository fails the respective test, it is silently ignored and will not be installed.

accept_unsigned_file

If set to true, AutoYaST will accept unsigned files like the content file.

<general>
 <signature-handling>
  <accept_unsigned_file config:type="boolean">
   false
  </accept_unsigned_file>
 </signature-handling>
 ...
<general>

accept_file_without_checksum

If set to true, AutoYaST will accept files without a checksum in the content file.

<general>
 <signature-handling>
  <accept_file_without_checksum config:type="boolean">
   false
  </accept_file_without_checksum>
 </signature-handling>
 ...
<general>

accept_verification_failed

If set to true, AutoYaST will accept signed files even when the signature verification fails.

<general>
 <signature-handling>
  <accept_verification_failed config:type="boolean">
   false
  </accept_verification_failed>
 </signature-handling>
 ...
<general>

accept_unknown_gpg_key

If set to true, AutoYaST will accept new GPG keys of the installation sources, for example the key used to sign the content file.

<general>
 <signature-handling>
  <accept_unknown_gpg_key config:type="boolean">
   false
  </accept_unknown_gpg_key>
 </signature-handling>
 ...
<general>

accept_non_trusted_gpg_key

Set this option to true to accept known keys you have not yet trusted.

<general>
 <signature-handling>
  <accept_non_trusted_gpg_key config:type="boolean">
   false
  </accept_non_trusted_gpg_key>
 </signature-handling>
 ...
<general>

import_gpg_key

If set to true, AutoYaST will accept and import new GPG keys on the installation source in its database.

<general>
 <signature-handling>
  <import_gpg_key config:type="boolean">
   false
  </import_gpg_key>
 </signature-handling>
 ...
<general>

4.1.6 The wait section #

In the second stage of the installation the system is configured by running modules, for example the network configuration. Within the wait section you can define scripts that will get executed before and after a specific module has run. You can also configure a span of time in which the system is inactive (“sleeps”) before and after each module.

pre-modules

Defines scripts and sleep time executed before a configuration module starts. The following code shows an example setting the sleep time to ten seconds and executing an echo command before running the network configuration module.

<general>
 <wait>
  <pre-modules config:type="list">
   <module>
    <name>networking</name>
    <sleep>
     <time config:type="integer">10</time>
     <feedback config:type="boolean">true</feedback>
    </sleep>
    <script>
     <source>echo foo</source>
     <debug config:type="boolean">false</debug>
    </script>
   </module>
  </pre-modules>
  ...
 </wait>
<general>

post-modules

Defines scripts and sleep time executed after a configuration module starts. The following code shows an example setting the sleep time to ten seconds and executing an echo command after running the network configuration module.

<general>
 <wait>
  <post-modules config:type="list">
   <module>
    <name>networking</name>
    <sleep>
     <time config:type="integer">10</time>
     <feedback config:type="boolean">true</feedback>
    </sleep>
    <script>
     <source>echo foo</source>
     <debug config:type="boolean">false</debug>
    </script>
   </module>
  </post-modules>
  ...
 </wait>
<general>

4.1.7 Ignoring unused devices on IBM Z #

On IBM Z, you can prevent the kernel from looking at unused hardware devices by running cio_ignore and ignoring them. This is done by setting the AutoYaST parameter with the same name to true. Setting this value is optional and only applies to installations on IBM Z hardware. The default is true.

<general>
 <cio_ignore config:type="boolean">true</cio_ignore>
 ...
<general>

4.1.8 Examples for the `general` section #

Find examples covering several use cases in this section.

Example 4.1: General options #

This example shows the most commonly used options in the general section. The scripts in the pre- and post-modules sections are only dummy scripts illustrating the concept.

<?xml version="1.0"?>
<!DOCTYPE profile>
<profile xmlns="http://www.suse.com/1.0/yast2ns"
 xmlns:config="http://www.suse.com/1.0/configns">
 <general>
  <! -- Use cio_ignore on &zseries; only -->
  <cio_ignore config:type="boolean">false</cio_ignore>
  <mode>
   <halt config:type="boolean">false</halt>
   <forceboot config:type="boolean">false</forceboot>
   <final_reboot config:type="boolean">false</final_reboot>
   <final_halt config:type="boolean">false</final_halt>
   <confirm_base_product_license config:type="boolean">
    false
   </confirm_base_product_license>
   <confirm config:type="boolean">true</confirm>
   <second_stage config:type="boolean">true</second_stage>
  </mode>
  <proposals config:type="list">
   <proposal>partitions_proposal</proposal>
  </proposals>
  <self_update config:type="boolean">true</self_update>
  <self_update_url>http://example.com/updates/$arch</self_update_url>
  <signature-handling>
   <accept_unsigned_file config:type="boolean">
    true
   </accept_unsigned_file>
   <accept_file_without_checksum config:type="boolean">
    true
   </accept_file_without_checksum>
   <accept_verification_failed config:type="boolean">
    true
   </accept_verification_failed>
   <accept_unknown_gpg_key config:type="boolean">
    true
   </accept_unknown_gpg_key>
   <import_gpg_key config:type="boolean">true</import_gpg_key>
   <accept_non_trusted_gpg_key config:type="boolean">
   true
   </accept_non_trusted_gpg_key>
  </signature-handling>
  <wait>
   <pre-modules config:type="list">
    <module>
     <name>networking</name>
     <sleep>
      <time config:type="integer">10</time>
      <feedback config:type="boolean">true</feedback>
     </sleep>
     <script>
     <source>&gt;![CDATA[
echo "Sleeping 10 seconds"
      ]]&gt;</source>
     <debug config:type="boolean">false</debug>
     </script>
    </module>
   </pre-modules>
   <post-modules config:type="list">
    <module>
     <name>networking</name>
     <sleep>
      <time config:type="integer">10</time>
      <feedback config:type="boolean">true</feedback>
     </sleep>
     <script>
      <source>&gt;![CDATA[
echo "Sleeping 10 seconds"
      ]]&gt;</source>
      <debug config:type="boolean">false</debug>
     </script>
    </module>
   </post-modules>
  </wait>
 </general>
</profile>

4.2 Reporting #

The report resource manages three types of pop-ups that may appear during installation:

message pop-ups (usually non-critical, informative messages),
warning pop-ups (if something might go wrong),
error pop-ups (in case an error occurs).

Example 4.2: Reporting behavior #

<report>
  <errors>
    <show config:type="boolean">true</show>
    <timeout config:type="integer">0</timeout>
    <log config:type="boolean">true</log>
  </errors>
  <warnings>
    <show config:type="boolean">true</show>
    <timeout config:type="integer">10</timeout>
    <log config:type="boolean">true</log>
  </warnings>
  <messages>
    <show config:type="boolean">true</show>
    <timeout config:type="integer">10</timeout>
    <log config:type="boolean">true</log>
  </messages>
  <yesno_messages>
    <show config:type="boolean">true</show>
    <timeout config:type="integer">10</timeout>
    <log config:type="boolean">true</log>
  </yesno_messages>
</report>

Depending on your experience, you can skip, log and show (with timeout) those messages. It is recommended to show all messages with timeout. Warnings can be skipped in some places but should not be ignored.

The default setting in auto-installation mode is to show errors without timeout and to show all warnings/messages with a timeout of 10 seconds.

Warning: Critical system messages

Note that not all messages during installation are controlled by the report resource. Some critical messages concerning package installation and partitioning will show up ignoring your settings in the report section. Usually those messages will need to be answered with Yes or No.

4.3 System registration and extension selection #

Registering the system with the registration server can be configured within the suse_register resource. The following example registers the system with the SUSE Customer Center. In case your organization provides its own registration server, you need to specify the required data with the reg_server* properties. Refer to the suse_register valueslist below for details.

<suse_register>
  <do_registration config:type="boolean">true</do_registration>
  <email>tux@example.com</email>
  <reg_code>MY_SECRET_REGCODE</reg_code>
  <install_updates config:type="boolean">true</install_updates>
  <slp_discovery config:type="boolean">false</slp_discovery>
  <--! optionally register some add-ons -->
  <addons config:type="list">
    <addon>
      <name>sle-module-basesystem</name>
      <version>15.3</version>
      <arch>x86_64</arch>
    </addon>
  </addons>
</suse_register>

It is recommended to at least register the Basesystem Module to have access to the updates for the base system (the Linux kernel, the system libraries and services).

As an alternative to the fully automated registration, AutoYaST can also be configured to start the YaST registration module during the installation. This offers the possibility to enter the registration data manually. The following XML code is required:

<general>
 <semi-automatic config:type="list">
   <semi-automatic_entry>scc</semi-automatic_entry>
 </semi-automatic>
</general>

Tip: Using the installation network settings

In case you need to use the same network settings that were used for the installation, AutoYaST needs to run the network setup in stage 1 right before the registration is started:

<networking>
  <setup_before_proposal config:type="boolean">true</setup_before_proposal>
</networking>

suse_register Values #

do_registration

Boolean

<do_registration config:type="boolean">true</do_registration>

Specify whether the system should be registered or not. If set to false all other options are ignored and the system is not registered.

e-mail

E-mail address

<email>tux@example.com</email>

Optional. The e-mail address matching the registration code.

reg_code

Text

<reg_code>SECRET_REGCODE</reg_code>

Required. Registration code.

install_updates

Boolean

<install_updates config:type="boolean">true</install_updates>

Optional. Determines if updates from the Updates channels should be installed. The default value is to not install them (false).

slp_discovery

Boolean

<slp_discovery config:type="boolean">true</slp_discovery>

Optional. Search for a registration server via SLP. The default value is false.

Expects to find a single server. If more than one server is found, the installation will fail. In case there is more than one registration server available, you need to specify one with reg_server.

If neither slp_discovery nor reg_server are set, the system is registered with the SUSE Customer Center.

This setting also affects the self-update feature: If it is disabled, no SLP search will be performed.

reg_server

URL

<reg_server>https://smt.example.com</reg_server>

Optional. RMT server URL. If neither slp_discovery nor reg_server are set, the system is registered with the SUSE Customer Center.

The RMT server is queried for a URL of the self-update repository. So if self_update_url is not set, the RMT server influences where the self-updates are downloaded from. Check the Deployment Guide to find further information about this feature.

reg_server_cert_fingerprint_type

SHA1 or SHA256

<reg_server_cert_fingerprint_type>SHA1</reg_server_cert_fingerprint_type>

Optional. Requires a checksum value provided with reg_server_cert_fingerprint. Using the fingerprint is recommended, since it ensures the SSL certificate is verified. The matching certificate will be automatically imported when the SSL communication fails because of a verification error.

reg_server_cert_fingerprint

Server Certificate Fingerprint value in hexadecimal notion (case-insensitive).

<reg_server_cert_fingerprint>01:AB...:EF</reg_server_cert_fingerprint>

Optional. Requires a fingerprint type value provided with reg_server_cert_fingerprint_type. Using the fingerprint is recommended, since it ensures the SSL certificate is verified. The matching certificate will be automatically imported when SSL communication fails because of a verification error.

reg_server_cert

URL

<reg_server_cert>http://smt.example.com/smt.crt</reg_server_cert>

Optional. URL of the SSL certificate on the server. Using this option is not recommended, since the certificate that is downloaded is not verified. Use reg_server_cert_fingerprint instead.

addons

Add-ons list

Specify an extension from the registration server that should be added to the installation repositories. See Section 4.3.1, “Extensions” for details.

Tip: Obtaining a server certificate fingerprint

To obtain a server certificate fingerprint for use with the reg_server_cert_fingerprint entry, run the following command on the SMT server (edit the default path to the smt.crt file, if needed):

openssl x509 -noout -in /srv/www/htdocs/smt.crt -fingerprint -sha256

To retrieve a fingerprint from the SMT server, use the following command:

curl --insecure -v https://scc.suse.com/smt.crt 2> /dev/null | openssl \
      x509 -noout -fingerprint -sha256

Replace scc.suse.com with your server.

Note: This can be used in a trusted network only! In a non-trusted network, for example the Internet, you should get the fingerprint directly from the server by other means. Fingerprints can be fetched via SSH, a saved server configuration and other sources. Alternatively, you can verify that the downloaded certificate is identical on the server.

4.3.1 Extensions #

The SUSE Customer Center provides several extensions, such as sle-module-development-tools (Development Tools Module) that can be included as additional sources during the installation. Extensions can be added via the addons property within the suse_register block.

Note: Availability of extensions

The availability of extensions is product and architecture dependent, not all extensions are available on all architectures.

Some extensions, such as sle-ha, require a registration code. Depending on your subscription, either use a dedicated registration code for the extension, or restate the code for the base product.

With SUSEConnect --list-extensions you can list all available extensions in a registered system, and the commands to activate and disable them.

The following example shows which extensions are already activated, and labels the extensions that require their own registration codes:

> sudo SUSEConnect --list-extensions
AVAILABLE EXTENSIONS AND MODULES

    Basesystem Module 15 SP 3 x86_64 (Activated)
    Deactivate with: SUSEConnect -d -p sle-module-basesystem/15.3/x86_64

        Containers Module 15 SP 3 x86_64
        Activate with: SUSEConnect -p sle-module-containers/15.3/x86_64

        Desktop Applications Module 15 SP 3 x86_64 (Activated)
        Deactivate with: SUSEConnect -d -p sle-module-desktop-applications/
        15.3/x86_64

            SUSE Linux Enterprise Workstation Extension 15 SP 3 x86_64 (BETA)
            Activate with: SUSEConnect -p sle-we/15.3/x86_64 -r ADDITIONAL REGCODE             
            [...]

The -p argument (in the above example) displays the NAME/VERSION/ARCH values that can be used in the AutoYaST profile.

The following example shows how to configure a list of extensions. These go in the suse_register block:

<suse_register>
  <do_registration config:type="boolean">true</do_registration>
  <email>tux@example.com</email>
  <reg_code>MY_SECRET_REGCODE</reg_code>
  <install_updates config:type="boolean">true</install_updates>
  <slp_discovery config:type="boolean">false</slp_discovery>
  
  <--! optionally register some add-ons -->   
 <addons config:type="list">
   <addon>
    <!-- Development Tools Module -->
    <!-- Depends on: Desktop Applications Module -->     
    <name>sle-module-development-tools</name>
    <version>15.3</version>
    <arch>x86_64</arch>
   </addon>
 
   <addon>
    <!-- SUSE CaaS Platform (BETA) -->
    <!-- Depends on: Containers Module -->
    <name>caasp</name>
    <version>4.0</version>
    <arch>x86_64</arch>
    <reg_code>REG_CODE_REQUIRED</reg_code>
   </addon>

   <addon>
    <!-- SUSE Enterprise Storage -->
    <!-- Depends on: Server Applications Module -->
    <name>ses</name>
    <version>6</version>
    <arch>x86_64</arch>
    <reg_code>REG_CODE_REQUIRED</reg_code>
   </addon>

   <addon>
    <!-- SUSE Linux Enterprise High Availability Extension -->
    <!-- Depends on: Server Applications Module -->
    <name>sle-ha</name>
    <version>15.3</version>
    <arch>x86_64</arch>
    <reg_code>REG_CODE_REQUIRED</reg_code>
   </addon> 
 </addons>
</suse_register>

You may also see all available modules and extensions at https://scc.suse.com/packages. Select your product and architecture, then click the In Module form to see a list of all extensions.

Note: Extension dependencies

Since SLES 15, AutoYaST automatically reorders the extensions according to their dependencies during registration. This means the order of the extensions in the AutoYaST profile is not important.

Also AutoYaST automatically registers the dependent extensions even though they are missing in the profile. This means you are not required to fill the extensions list completely.

However, if the dependent extension requires a registration key, this must be specified in the profile, including the registration key. Otherwise the registration would fail.

The architecture and version of an extension are not mandatory. The registration workflow will evaluate the right one.

4.4 The boot loader #

This documentation is for yast2-bootloader and applies to GRUB 2. For older product versions shipping with legacy GRUB, refer to the documentation that comes with your distribution in /usr/share/doc/packages/autoyast2/

By default, AutoYaST proposes the same booting mechanism as used by the booting medium. For example, if you boot using EFI, the GRUB 2 for EFI is installed. Therefore, you can omit this section unless you have specific requirements. As the EFI boot requires specific partitioning, we recommend using the automatic partitioning as described in Section 4.5.1, “Automatic partitioning”, which will create all needed partitions automatically.

If you need to adapt the default, use the <bootloader> part. Its general structure looks like the following snippet:

<bootloader>
  <loader_type>
    <!-- boot loader type (grub2 or grub2-efi) -->
  </loader_type>
  <global>
    <!--
      entries defining the installation settings for GRUB 2 and
      the generic boot code
    -->
  </global>
  <device_map config:type="list">
    <!-- entries defining the order of devices -->
  </device_map>
 </bootloader>

It is not necessary to fill in all settings, you can specify only those you need to change. AutoYaST will then merge the default values with those specified in the profile.

4.4.1 Loader type #

This defines which boot loader (UEFI or BIOS/legacy) to use. Not all architectures support both legacy and EFI variants of the boot loader. The safest (default) option is to leave the decision up to the installer.

<loader_type>LOADER_TYPE</loader_type>

Possible values for LOADER_TYPE are:

default: The installer chooses the correct boot loader. This is the default when no option is defined.
grub2: Use the legacy BIOS boot loader.
grub2-efi: Use the EFI boot loader.
none: The boot process is not managed and configured by the installer.

4.4.2 Globals #

This is an important if optional part. Define here where to install GRUB 2 and how the boot process will work. Again, yast2-bootloader proposes a configuration if you do not define one. Usually, the AutoYaST control file includes only this part, and all other parts are added automatically during installation by yast2-bootloader. Unless you have some special requirements, do not specify the boot loader configuration in the XML file..

Tip: Hibernation

If there is a need for specific hibernation settings, then resume or noresume in the append configuration can be used.

To disable hibernation regardless of what the installer proposes, specify noresume as a kernel parameter in the append section.

To specify the hibernation device, use the resume key with the device path. The recommended way to get stable results is configuring your own partitioning, and having a swap device with a label:

        <append>quiet resume=/dev/disk/by-label/my_swap</append>

If you do not use resume or noresume, or if resume specifies a device that will not exist on the installed system, then the installer may propose a correct value for resume, or it may remove the hibernation parameter completely, depending on installer logic.

<global>
  <activate>true</activate>
  <timeout config:type="integer">10</timeout>
  <terminal>gfxterm</terminal>
  <gfxmode>1280x1024x24</gfxmode>
</global>

Boot loader global options #

activate

Set the boot flag on the boot partition. The boot partition can be / if there is no separate /boot partition. If the boot partition is on a logical partition, the boot flag is set to the extended partition.

<activate>true</activate>

append

Kernel parameters added at the end of boot entries for normal and recovery mode.

<append>nomodeset vga=0x317</append>

boot_boot

Write GRUB 2 to a separate /boot partition. If no separate /boot partition exists, GRUB 2 will be written to /.

<boot_boot>false</boot_boot>

boot_custom

Write GRUB 2 to a custom device.

<boot_custom>/dev/sda3</boot_custom>

boot_extended

Write GRUB 2 to the extended partition (important if you want to use generic boot code and the /boot partition is logical). Note: if the boot partition is logical, you should use boot_mbr (write GRUB 2 to MBR) rather than generic_mbr.

<boot_extended>false</boot_extended>

boot_mbr

Write GRUB 2 to the MBR of the first disk in the order. (device.map includes the order of the disks.)

<boot_mbr>false</boot_mbr>

boot_root

Write GRUB 2 to / partition.

<boot_root>false</boot_root>

generic_mbr

Write generic boot code to the MBR (will be ignored if boot_mbr is set to true).

<generic_mbr config:type="boolean">false</generic_mbr>

gfxmode

Graphical resolution of the GRUB 2 screen (requires <terminal> to be set to gfxterm).

Valid entries are auto, HORIZONTALxVERTICAL, or HORIZONTALxVERTICAL xCOLOR DEPTH. You can see the screen resolutions supported by GRUB 2 on a particular system by using the vbeinfo command at the GRUB 2 command line in the running system.

<gfxmode>1280x1024x24</gfxmode>

os_prober

If set to true, automatically searches for operating systems already installed and generates boot entries for them during the installation.

<os_prober>false</os_prober>

cpu_mitigations

Allows choosing a default setting of kernel boot command-line parameters for CPU mitigation (and, at the same time, strike a balance between security and performance).

Possible values are:

auto: Enables all mitigations required for your CPU model, but does not protect against cross-CPU thread attacks. This setting may impact performance to some degree, depending on the workload.
nosmt: Provides the full set of available security mitigations. Enables all mitigations required for your CPU model. In addition, it disables Simultaneous Multithreading (SMT) to avoid side-channel attacks across multiple CPU threads. This setting may further impact performance, depending on the workload.
off: Disables all mitigations. Side-channel attacks against your CPU are possible, depending on the CPU model. This setting has no impact on performance.
manual: Does not set any mitigation level. Specify your CPU mitigations manually by using the kernel command line options.

<cpu_mitigations>auto</cpu_mitigations>

If not set in AutoYaST, the respective settings can be changed via kernel command line. By default, the (product-specific) settings in the /control.xml file on the installation medium are used (if nothing else is specified).

suse_btrfs

Obsolete and no longer used. Booting from Btrfs snapshots is automatically enabled.

serial

Command to execute if the GRUB 2 terminal mode is set to serial.

<serial>serial --speed=115200 --unit=0 --word=8 --parity=no --stop=1</serials>

secure_boot

If set to false, then UEFI secure boot is disabled. Works only for grub2-efi boot loader.

<secure_boot>false</secure_boot>

terminal

Specify the GRUB 2 terminal mode to use. Valid entries are console, gfxterm, and serial. If set to serial, the serial command needs to be specified with <serial>, too.

<terminal>serial</terminal>

timeout

The timeout in seconds until the default boot entry is booted automatically.

<timeout config:type="integer">10</timeout>

trusted_boot

If set to true, then Trusted GRUB is used. Trusted GRUB supports Trusted Platform Module (TPM). Works only for grub2 boot loader.

<trusted_boot">true</trusted_boot>

update_nvram

If set to true, then AutoYaST adds an NVRAM entry for the boot loader in the firmware. This is the desirable behavior unless you want to preserve some specific setting or you need to work around firmware issues.

<update_nvram>true</update_nvram>

vgamode

Adds the kernel parameter vga=VALUE to the boot entries.

<vgamode>0x317</vgamode>

xen_append

Kernel parameters added at the end of boot entries for Xen guests.

<xen_append>nomodeset vga=0x317</xen_append>

xen_kernel_append

Kernel parameters added at the end of boot entries for Xen kernels on the VM Host Server.

<xen_kernel_append>dom0_mem=768M</xen_kernel_append>

4.4.3 Device map #

GRUB 2 avoids mapping problems between BIOS drives and Linux devices by using device ID strings (UUIDs) or file system labels when generating its configuration files. GRUB 2 utilities create a temporary device map on the fly, which is usually sufficient, particularly on single-disk systems. However, if you need to override the automatic device mapping mechanism, create your custom mapping in this section.

<device_map config:type="list">
  <device_map_entry>
    <firmware>hd0</firmware> <!-- order of devices in target map  -->
    <linux>/dev/disk/by-id/ata-ST3500418AS_6VM23FX0</linux> <!-- name of device (disk)  -->
  </device_map_entry>
</device_map>

4.5 Partitioning #

When it comes to partitioning, we can categorize AutoYaST use cases into three different levels:

Automatic partitioning. The user does not care about the partitioning and trusts in AutoYaST to do the right thing.
Guided partitioning. The user wants to set some basic settings. For example, a user wants to use LVM but has no idea about how to configure partitions, volume groups, and so on.
Expert partitioning. The user specifies how the layout should look. However, a complete definition is not required, and AutoYaST should propose reasonable defaults for missing parts.

To some extent, it is like using the regular installer. You can skip the partitioning screen and trust in YaST, use the Guided Proposal, or define the partitioning layout through the Expert Partitioner.

4.5.1 Automatic partitioning #

AutoYaST can come up with a sensible partitioning layout without any user indication. Although it depends on the selected product to install, AutoYaST usually proposes a Btrfs root file system, a separate /home using XFS and a swap partition. Additionally, depending on the architecture, it adds any partition that might be needed to boot (like BIOS GRUB partitions).

However, these defaults might change depending on factors like the available disk space. For example, having a separate /home depends on the amount of available disk space.

If you want to influence these default values, you can use the approach described in Section 4.5.2, “Guided partitioning”.

4.5.2 Guided partitioning #

Although AutoYaST can come up with a partitioning layout without any user indication, sometimes it is useful to set some generic parameters and let AutoYaST do the rest. For example, you may be interested in using LVM or encrypting your file systems without having to deal with the details. It is similar to what you would do when using the guided proposal in a regular installation.

The storage section in Example 4.3, “LVM-based guided partitioning” instructs AutoYaST to set up a partitioning layout using LVM and deleting all Windows partitions, no matter whether they are needed.

Example 4.3: LVM-based guided partitioning #

<general>
   <storage>
     <proposal>
       <lvm config:type="boolean">true</lvm>
       <windows_delete_mode config:type="symbol">all</windows_delete_mode>
     </proposal>
   </storage>
</general>

lvm

Creates an LVM-based proposal. The default is false.

<lvm config:type="boolean">true</lvm>

resize_windows

When set to true, AutoYaST resizes Windows partitions if needed to make room for the installation.

<resize_windows config:type="boolean">false</resize_windows>

windows_delete_mode

none does not remove Windows partitions.
ondemand removes Windows partitions if needed.
all removes all Windows partitions.

<windows_delete_mode config:type="symbol">ondemand</windows_delete_mode>

linux_delete_mode

none does not remove Linux partitions.
ondemand removes Linux partitions if needed.
all removes all Linux partitions.

<linux_delete_mode config:type="symbol">ondemand</linux_delete_mode>

other_delete_mode

none does not remove other partitions.
ondemand removes other partitions if needed.
all removes all other partitions.

<other_delete_mode config:type="symbol">ondemand</other_delete_mode>

encryption_password

Enables encryption using the specified password. By default, encryption is disabled.

<encryption_password>some-secret</encryption_password>

4.5.3 Expert partitioning #

As an alternative to guided partitioning, AutoYaST allows to describe the partitioning layout through a partitioning section. However, AutoYaST does not need to know every single detail and can build a sensible layout from a rather incomplete specification.

The partitioning section is a list of drive elements. Each of these sections describes an element of the partitioning layout like a disk, an LVM volume group, a RAID, a multi-device Btrfs file system, and so on.

Example 4.4, “Creating /, /home and swap partitions”, asks AutoYaST to create a /, a /home and a swap partition using the whole disk. Note that some information is missing, like which file systems each partition should use. However, that is not a problem, and AutoYaST will propose sensible values for them.

Example 4.4: Creating /, /home and swap partitions #

<partitioning config:type="list">
  <drive>
    <use>all</use>
    <partitions config:type="list">
      <partition>
        <mount>/</mount>
        <size>20GiB</size>
      </partition>
      <partition>
        <mount>/home</mount>
        <size>max</size>
      </partition>
      <partition>
        <mount>swap</mount>
        <size>1GiB</size>
      </partition>
    </partitions>
  </drive>

Tip: Proposing a boot partition

AutoYaST checks whether the layout described in the profile is bootable or not. If it is not, it adds the missing partitions. So, if you are unsure about which partitions are needed to boot, you can rely on AutoYaST to make the right decision.

4.5.3.1 Drive configuration #

The elements listed below must be placed within the following XML structure:

<profile>
  <partitioning config:type="list">
    <drive>
     ...
    </drive>
  </partitioning>
</profile>

Attribute, Values, Description #

device

Optional, the device you want to configure. If left out, AutoYaST tries to guess the device. See Tip: Skipping devices on how to influence guessing.

If set to ask, AutoYaST will ask the user which device to use during installation.

You can use persistent device names via ID, like /dev/disk/by-id/ata-WDC_WD3200AAKS-75L9 or by-path, like /dev/disk/by-path/pci-0001:00:03.0-scsi-0:0:0:0.

<device>/dev/sda</device>

In case of volume groups, software RAID or bcache devices, the name in the installed system may be different (to avoid clashes with existing devices).

See Section 4.5.7, “Multipath support” for further information about dealing with multipath devices.

initialize

Optional, the default is false. If set to true, the partition table is wiped out before AutoYaST starts the partition calculation.

<initialize config:type="boolean">true</initialize>

partitions

Optional, a list of <partition> entries (see Section 4.5.3.2, “Partition configuration”).

<partitions config:type="list">
          <partition>...</partition>
          ...
          </partitions>

If no partitions are specified, AutoYaST will create a reasonable partitioning layout (see Section 4.5.3.5, “Filling the gaps”).

pesize

Optional, for LVM only. The default is 4M for LVM volume groups.

<pesize>8M</pesize>

use

Recommended, specifies the strategy AutoYaST will use to partition the hard disk. Choose from:

all, uses the whole device while calculating the new partitioning.

linux, only existing Linux partitions are used.

free, only unused space on the device is used, no existing partitions are touched.

1,2,3, a list of comma-separated partition numbers to use.

type

Optional, specifies the type of the drive. The default is CT_DISK for a normal physical hard disk. The following is a list of all options:

CT_DISK for physical hard disks (default).

CT_LVM for LVM volume groups.

CT_MD for software RAID devices.

CT_DMMULTIPATH for Multipath devices (deprecated, implied with CT_DISK).

CT_BCACHE for software bcache devices.

CT_BTRFS for multi-device Btrfs file systems.

CT_NFS for NFS.

CT_TMPFS for tmpfs file systems.

<type config:type="symbol">CT_LVM</type>

disklabel

Optional. By default YaST decides what makes sense. If a partition table of a different type already exists, it will be re-created with the given type only if it does not include any partition that should be kept or reused. To use the disk without creating any partition, set this element to none. The following is a list of all options:

msdos

gpt

none

<disklabel>gpt</disklabel>

keep_unknown_lv

Optional, the default is false.

This value only makes sense for type=CT_LVM drives. If you are reusing a logical volume group and you set this to true, all existing logical volumes in that group will not be touched unless they are specified in the <partitioning> section. So you can keep existing logical volumes without specifying them.

<keep_unknown_lv config:type="boolean">false</keep_unknown_lv>

enable_snapshots

Optional, the default is true.

Enables snapshots on Btrfs file systems mounted at / (does not apply to other file systems, or Btrfs file systems not mounted at /).

<enable_snapshots config:type="boolean">false</enable_snapshots>

quotas

Optional, the default is false.

Enables support for Btrfs subvolume quotas. Setting this element to true will enable support for quotas for the file system. However, you need to set the limits for each subvolume. Check Section 4.5.3.3, “Btrfs subvolumes” for further information.

<quotas config:type="boolean">true</quotas>

Important: Beware of data loss

The value provided in the use property determines how existing data and partitions are treated. The value all means that the entire disk will be erased. Make backups and use the confirm property if you need to keep some partitions with important data. Otherwise, no pop-ups will notify you about partitions being deleted.

Tip: Skipping devices

You can influence AutoYaST's device-guessing for cases where you do not specify a <device> entry on your own. Usually AutoYaST would use the first device it can find that looks reasonable but you can configure it to skip some devices like this:

<partitioning config:type="list">
  <drive>
    <initialize config:type="boolean">true</initialize>
    <skip_list config:type="list">
      <listentry>
        <!-- skip devices that use the usb-storage driver -->
        <skip_key>driver</skip_key>
        <skip_value>usb-storage</skip_value>
      </listentry>
      <listentry>
        <!-- skip devices that are smaller than 1GB -->
        <skip_key>size_k</skip_key>
        <skip_value>1048576</skip_value>
        <skip_if_less_than config:type="boolean">true</skip_if_less_than>
      </listentry>
      <listentry>
        <!-- skip devices that are larger than 100GB -->
        <skip_key>size_k</skip_key>
        <skip_value>104857600</skip_value>
        <skip_if_more_than config:type="boolean">true</skip_if_more_than>
      </listentry>
    </skip_list>
  </drive>
</partitioning>

For a list of all possible <skip_key>s, run yast2 ayast_probe on a system that has already been installed.

4.5.3.2 Partition configuration #

The elements listed below must be placed within the following XML structure:

<drive>
  <partitions config:type="list">
    <partition>
      ...
    </partition>
  </partitions>
</drive>

create

Specify if this partition or logical volume must be created, or if it already exists. If set to false, you also need to set one of partition_nr, lv_name, label, or uuid to tell AutoYaST which device to use.

<create config:type="boolean">false</create>

crypt_method

Optional, the partition will be encrypted using one of these methods:

luks1: regular LUKS1 encryption.
pervasive_luks2: pervasive volume encryption.
protected_swap: encryption with volatile protected key.
secure_swap: encryption with volatile secure key.
random_swap: encryption with volatile random key.

<crypt_method config:type="symbol">luks1</crypt_method>

Encryption method selection was introduced in SUSE Linux Enterprise Server 15 SP2. To mimic the behavior of previous versions, use luks1.

See crypt_key element to learn how to specify the encryption password if needed.

crypt_fs

Partition will be encrypted, the default is false. This element is deprecated. Use crypt_method instead.

<crypt_fs config:type="boolean">true</crypt_fs>

crypt_key

Required if crypt_method has been set to a method that requires a password (that is, luks1 or pervasive_luks2).

<crypt_key>xxxxxxxx</crypt_key>

mount

You should have at least a root partition (/) and a swap partition.

<mount>/</mount><mount>swap</mount>

fstopt

Mount options for this partition; see man mount for available mount options.

<fstopt>ro,noatime,user,data=ordered,acl,user_xattr</fstopt>

label

The label of the partition. Useful when formatting the device (especially if the mountby parameter is set to label) and for identifying a device that already exists (see create above). See man e2label for an example.

<label>mydata</label>

uuid

The uuid of the partition. Only useful for identifying an existing device (see create above). The uuid cannot be enforced for new devices. (See man uuidgen.)

<uuid>1b4e28ba-2fa1-11d2-883f-b9a761bde3fb</uuid>

size

The size of the partition, for example 4G, 4500M, etc. The /boot partition and the swap partition can have auto as size. Then AutoYaST calculates a reasonable size. One partition can have the value max to use all remaining space.

You can also specify the size in percentage. So 10% will use 10% of the size of the hard disk or volume group. You can mix auto, max, size, and percentage as you like.

<size>10G</size>

Starting with SUSE Linux Enterprise Server 15, all values (including auto and max) can be used for resizing partitions as well.

format

Specify if AutoYaST should format the partition. If you set create to true, then you likely want this option set to true as well.

<format config:type="boolean">false</format>

file system

Optional. The default is btrfs for the root partition (/) and xfs for data partitions. Specify the file system to use on this partition:

btrfs
ext2
ext3
ext4
fat
xfs

swap

<filesystem config:type="symbol">ext3</filesystem>

mkfs_options

Optional, specify an option string for the mkfs. Only use this when you know what you are doing. (See the relevant mkfs man page for the file system you want to use.)

<mkfs_options>-I 128</mkfs_options>

partition_nr

The number of this partition. If you have set create=false or if you use LVM, then you can specify the partition via partition_nr.

<partition_nr config:type="integer">2</partition_nr>

partition_id

The partition_id sets the id of the partition. If you want different identifiers than 131 for Linux partition or 130 for swap, configure them with partition_id. The default is 131 for a Linux partition and 130 for swap.

<partition_id config:type="integer">131</partition_id>

FAT16 (MS-DOS): 6

NTFS (MS-DOS): 7

FAT32 (MS-DOS): 12

Extended FAT16 (MS-DOS): 15

DIAG, Diagnostics and firmware (MS-DOS, GPT): 18

PPC PReP Boot partition (MS-DOS, GPT): 65

Swap (MS-DOS, GPT, DASD, implicit): 130

Linux (MS-DOS, GPT, DASD): 131

Intel Rapid Start Technology (MS-DOS, GPT): 132

LVM (MS-DOS, GPT, DASD): 142

EFI System Partition (MS-DOS, GPT): 239

MD RAID (MS-DOS, GPT, DASD): 253

BIOS boot (GPT): 257

Windows basic data (GPT): 258

EFI (GPT): 259

Microsoft reserved (GPT): 261

partition_type

Optional. Allowed value is primary. When using an msdos partition table, this element sets the type of the partition to primary. This value is ignored when using a gpt partition table, because such a distinction does not exist in that case.

<partition_type>primary</partition_type>

mountby

Instead of a partition number, you can tell AutoYaST to mount a partition by device, label, uuid, path or id, which are the udev path and udev id (see /dev/disk/...).

See label and uuid documentation above. The default depends on YaST and usually is id.

<mountby config:type="symbol">label</mountby>

subvolumes

List of subvolumes to create for a file system of type Btrfs. This key only makes sense for file systems of type Btrfs. (See Section 4.5.3.3, “Btrfs subvolumes” for more information.)

If no subvolumes section has been defined for a partition description, AutoYaST will create a predefined set of subvolumes for the given mount point.

<subvolumes config:type="list">
  <path>tmp</path>
  <path>opt</path>
  <path>srv</path>
  <path>var</path>
  ...
</subvolumes>

create_subvolumes

Determine whether Btrfs subvolumes should be created or not. It is set to true by default. When set to false, no subvolumes will be created.

subvolumes_prefix

Set the Btrfs subvolumes prefix name. If no prefix is wanted, it must be set to an empty value:

<subvolumes_prefix><![CDATA[]]></subvolumes_prefix>

It is set to @ by default.

lv_name

If this partition is on a logical volume in a volume group, specify the logical volume name here (see the type parameter in the drive configuration).

<lv_name>opt_lv</lv_name>

stripes

An integer that configures LVM striping. Specify across how many devices you want to stripe (spread data).

<stripes config:type="integer">2</stripes>

stripesize

Specify the size of each block in KB.

<stripesize config:type="integer">4</stripesize>

lvm_group

If this is a physical partition used by (part of) a volume group (LVM), you need to specify the name of the volume group here.

<lvm_group>system</lvm_group>

pool

pool must be set to true if the LVM logical volume should be an LVM thin pool.

<pool config:type="boolean">true</pool>

used_pool

The name of the LVM thin pool that is used as a data store for this thin logical volume. If this is set to something non-empty, it implies that the volume is a so-called thin logical volume.

<used_pool>my_thin_pool</used_pool>

raid_name

If this physical volume is part of a RAID array, specify the name of the RAID array.

<raid_name>/dev/md/0</raid_name>

raid_options

Specify RAID options. Setting the RAID options at the partition level is deprecated. See Section 4.5.6, “Software RAID”.

bcache_backing_for

If this device is used as a bcache backing device, specify the name of the bcache device. See Section 4.5.8, “bcache configuration” for further details.

<bcache_backing_for>/dev/bcache0</bcache_backing_for>

bcache_caching_for

If this device is used as a bcache caching device, specify the names of the bcache devices. See Section 4.5.8, “bcache configuration” for further details.

<bcache_caching_for config:type="list"><listentry>/dev/bcache0</listentry></bcache_caching_for>

resize

Starting with SUSE Linux Enterprise Server 15 resizing works with physical disk partitions and with LVM volumes

<resize config:type="boolean">false</resize>

4.5.3.3 Btrfs subvolumes #

As mentioned in Section 4.5.3.2, “Partition configuration”, it is possible to define a set of subvolumes for each Btrfs file system. In its simplest form, they are specified using a list of paths:

<subvolumes config:type="list">
  <path>usr/local</path>
  <path>tmp</path>
  <path>opt</path>
  <path>srv</path>
  <path>var</path>
</subvolumes>

However, it is possible to specify additional settings for each subvolume. For example, we might want to set a quota or to disable the copy-on-write mechanism. For that purpose, it is possible to expand any of the elements of the list as shown in the example below:

<subvolumes config:type="list">
  <listentry>usr/local</listentry>
  <listentry>
    <path>tmp</path>
    <referenced_limit>1 GiB</referenced_limit>
  </listentry>
  <listentry>opt</listentry>
  <listentry>srv</listentry>
  <listentry>
    <path>var/lib/pgsql</path>
    <copy_on_write config:type="boolean">false</copy_on_write>
  </listentry>
</subvolumes>

path

Mount point for the subvolume.

<path>tmp</tmp>

Required. AutoYaST will ignore the subvolume if the path is not specified.

copy-on-write

Whether copy-on-write should be enabled for the subvolume.

<copy-on-write config:type="boolean">false</copy-on-write>

Optional. The default value is false.

referenced_limit

Set a quota for the subvolume.

<referenced_limit>1 GiB</referenced_limit>

Optional. The default value is unlimited. Btrfs supports two kinds of limits: referenced and exclusive. At this point, only the former is supported.

If there is a default subvolume used for the distribution (for example @ in SUSE Linux Enterprise Server), the name of this default subvolume is automatically prefixed to the names of the defined subvolumes. This behavior can be disabled by setting the subvolumes_prefix in the Section 4.5.3.1, “Drive configuration” section.

<subvolumes_prefix><![CDATA[]]></subvolumes_prefix>

4.5.3.4 Using the whole disk #

AutoYaST allows to use a whole disk without creating any partition by setting the disklabel to none as described in Section 4.5.3.1, “Drive configuration”. In such cases, the configuration in the first partition from the drive will be applied to the whole disk.

In the example below, we are using the second disk (/dev/sdb) as the /home file system.

Example 4.5: Using a whole disk as a file system #

<partitioning config:type="list">
  <drive>
    <device>/dev/sda</device>
    <partitions config:type="list">
      <partition>
        <create config:type="boolean">true</create>
        <format config:type="boolean">true</format>
        <mount>/</mount>
        <size>max</size>
      </partition>
    </partitions>
  </drive>
  <drive>
    <device>/dev/sdb</device>
    <disklabel>none</disklabel>
    <partitions config:type="list">
      <partition>
        <format config:type="boolean">true</format>
        <mount>/home</mount>
      </partition>
    </partitions>
  </drive>

In addition, the whole disk can be used as an LVM physical volume or as a software RAID member. See Section 4.5.5, “Logical volume manager (LVM)” and Section 4.5.6, “Software RAID” for further details about setting up an LVM or a software RAID.

For backward compatibility reasons, it is possible to achieve the same result by setting the <partition_nr> element to 0. However, this usage of the <partition_nr> element is deprecated from SUSE Linux Enterprise Server 15.

4.5.3.5 Filling the gaps #

When using the Expert Partitioner approach, AutoYaST can create a partition plan from a rather incomplete profile. The following profiles show how you can describe some details of the partitioning layout and let AutoYaST do the rest.

Example 4.6: Automated partitioning on selected drives #

The following is an example of a single drive system, which is not pre-partitioned and should be automatically partitioned according to the described pre-defined partition plan. If you do not specify the device, it will be automatically detected.

<partitioning config:type="list">
  <drive>
    <device>/dev/sda</device>
    <use>all</use>
  </drive>
</partitioning>

A more detailed example shows how existing partitions and multiple drives are handled.

Example 4.7: Installing on multiple drives #

<partitioning config:type="list">
  <drive>
    <device>/dev/sda</device>
    <use>all</use>
    <partitions config:type="list">
      <partition>
        <mount>/</mount>
        <size>10G</size>
      </partition>
      <partition>
        <mount>swap</mount>
        <size>1G</size>
      </partition>
    </partitions>
  </drive>
  <drive>
    <device>/dev/sdb</device>
    <use>free</use>
    <partitions config:type="list">
      <partition>
        <filesystem config:type="symbol">ext4</filesystem>
        <mount>/data1</mount>
        <size>15G</size>
      </partition>
      <partition>
        <filesystem config:type="symbol">xfs</filesystem>
        <mount>/data2</mount>
        <size>auto</size>
      </partition>
    </partitions>
  </drive>
</partitioning>

4.5.4 Advanced partitioning features #

4.5.4.1 Wipe out partition table #

Usually this is not needed because AutoYaST can delete partitions one by one automatically. But you need the option to let AutoYaST clear the partition table instead of deleting partitions individually.

Go to the drive section and add:

<initialize config:type="boolean">true</initialize>

With this setting AutoYaST will delete the partition table before it starts to analyze the actual partitioning and calculates its partition plan. Of course this means, that you cannot keep any of your existing partitions.

4.5.4.2 Mount options #

By default a file system to be mounted is identified in /etc/fstab by the device name. This identification can be changed so the file system is found by searching for a UUID or a volume label. Note that not all file systems can be mounted by UUID or a volume label. To specify how a partition is to be mounted, use the mountby property which has the symbol type. Possible options are:

device (default)
label
UUID

If you choose to mount a new partition using a label, use the label property to specify its value.

Add any valid mount option in the fourth field of /etc/fstab. Multiple options are separated by commas. Possible fstab options:

Mount read-only (ro)

No write access to the file system. Default is false.

No access time (noatime)

Access times are not updated when a file is read. Default is false.

Mountable by user (user)

The file system can be mounted by a normal user. Default is false.

Data Journaling Mode (ordered, journal, writeback)

journal: All data is committed to the journal prior to being written to the main file system.
ordered: All data is directly written to the main file system before its metadata is committed to the journal.
writeback: Data ordering is not preserved.

Access control list (acl)

Enable access control lists on the file system.

Extended user attributes (user_xattr)

Allow extended user attributes on the file system.

Example 4.8: Mount options #

<partitions config:type="list">
  <partition>
    <filesystem config:type="symbol">ext4</filesystem>
    <format config:type="boolean">true</format>
    <fstopt>ro,noatime,user,data=ordered,acl,user_xattr</fstopt>
    <mount>/local</mount>
    <mountby config:type="symbol">uuid</mountby>
    <partition_id config:type="integer">131</partition_id>
    <size>10G</size>
  </partition>
</partitions>

Note: Check supported file system options

Different file system types support different options. Check the documentation carefully before setting them.

4.5.4.3 Keeping specific partitions #

In some cases you should leave partitions untouched and only format specific target partitions, rather than creating them from scratch. For example, if different Linux installations coexist, or you have another operating system installed, likely you do not want to wipe these out. You may also want to leave data partitions untouched.

Such scenarios require specific knowledge about the target systems and hard disks. Depending on the scenario, you might need to know the exact partition table of the target hard disk with partition IDs, sizes and numbers. With this data, you can tell AutoYaST to keep certain partitions, format others and create new partitions if needed.

The following example will keep partitions 1, 2 and 5 and delete partition 6 to create two new partitions. All remaining partitions will only be formatted.

Example 4.9: Keeping partitions #

<partitioning config:type="list">
  <drive>
    <device>/dev/sdc</device>
      <partitions config:type="list">
        <partition>
          <create config:type="boolean">false</create>
          <format config:type="boolean">true</format>
          <mount>/</mount>
          <partition_nr config:type="integer">1</partition_nr>
        </partition>
        <partition>
          <create config:type="boolean">false</create>
          <format config:type="boolean">false</format>
          <partition_nr config:type="integer">2</partition_nr>
          <mount>/space</mount>
        </partition>
        <partition>
          <create config:type="boolean">false</create>
          <format config:type="boolean">true</format>
          <filesystem config:type="symbol">swap</filesystem>
          <partition_nr config:type="integer">5</partition_nr>
          <mount>swap</mount>
        </partition>
        <partition>
          <format config:type="boolean">true</format>
          <mount>/space2</mount>
          <size>5G</size>
        </partition>
        <partition>
          <format config:type="boolean">true</format>
          <mount>/space3</mount>
          <size>max</size>
        </partition>
      </partitions>
    <use>6</use>
  </drive>
</partitioning>

The last example requires exact knowledge of the existing partition table and the partition numbers of those partitions that should be kept. In some cases however, such data may not be available, especially in a mixed hardware environment with different hard disk types and configurations. The following scenario is for a system with a non-Linux OS with a designated area for a Linux installation.

Figure 4.1: Keeping partitions #

In this scenario, shown in figure Figure 4.1, “Keeping partitions”, AutoYaST will not create new partitions. Instead it searches for certain partition types on the system and uses them according to the partitioning plan in the control file. No partition numbers are given in this case, only the mount points and the partition types (additional configuration data can be provided, for example file system options, encryption and file system type).

Example 4.10: Auto-detection of partitions to be kept. #

<partitioning config:type="list">
  <drive>
    <partitions config:type="list">
      <partition>
        <create config:type="boolean">false</create>
        <format config:type="boolean">true</format>
        <mount>/</mount>
        <partition_id config:type="integer">131</partition_id>
      </partition>
      <partition>
        <create config:type="boolean">false</create>
        <format config:type="boolean">true</format>
        <filesystem config:type="symbol">swap</filesystem>
        <partition_id config:type="integer">130</partition_id>
        <mount>swap</mount>
      </partition>
    </partitions>
  </drive>
</partitioning>

Note: Keeping encrypted devices

When AutoYaST is probing the storage devices, the partitioning section from the profile is not yet analyzed. In some scenarios, it is not clear which key should be used to unlock a device. For example, this can happen when more than one encryption key is defined. To solve this problem, AutoYaST will try all defined keys on all encrypted devices until a working key is found.

4.5.5 Logical volume manager (LVM) #

To configure LVM, first create a physical volume using the normal partitioning method described above.

Example 4.11: Create LVM physical volume #

The following example shows how to prepare for LVM in the partitioning resource. A non-formatted partition is created on device /dev/sda1 of the type LVM and with the volume group system. This partition will use all space available on the drive.

<partitioning config:type="list">
  <drive>
    <device>/dev/sda</device>
    <partitions config:type="list">
      <partition>
        <create config:type="boolean">true</create>
        <lvm_group>system</lvm_group>
        <partition_type>primary</partition_type>
        <partition_id config:type="integer">142</partition_id>
        <partition_nr config:type="integer">1</partition_nr>
        <size>max</size>
      </partition>
    </partitions>
    <use>all</use>
  </drive>
</partitioning>

Example 4.12: LVM logical volumes #

<partitioning config:type="list">
  <drive>
    <device>/dev/sda</device>
    <partitions config:type="list">
      <partition>
        <lvm_group>system</lvm_group>
        <partition_type>primary</partition_type>
        <size>max</size>
      </partition>
    </partitions>
    <use>all</use>
  </drive>
  <drive>
    <device>/dev/system</device>
      <type config:type="symbol">CT_LVM</type>
      <partitions config:type="list">
        <partition>
          <filesystem config:type="symbol">ext4</filesystem>
          <lv_name>user_lv</lv_name>
          <mount>/usr</mount>
          <size>15G</size>
        </partition>
        <partition>
          <filesystem config:type="symbol">ext4</filesystem>
          <lv_name>opt_lv</lv_name>
          <mount>/opt</mount>
          <size>10G</size>
        </partition>
        <partition>
          <filesystem config:type="symbol">ext4</filesystem>
          <lv_name>var_lv</lv_name>
          <mount>/var</mount>
          <size>1G</size>
        </partition>
      </partitions>
      <pesize>4M</pesize>
    <use>all</use>
  </drive>
</partitioning>

It is possible to set the size to max for the logical volumes. Of course, you can only use max for one(!) logical volume. You cannot set two logical volumes in one volume group to max.

4.5.6 Software RAID #

The support for software RAID devices has been greatly improved in SUSE Linux Enterprise Server 15 SP2.

If needed, see Section 4.5.6.1, “Using the deprecated syntax” to find out further details about the old way of specifying a software RAID, which is still supported for backward compatibility.

Using AutoYaST, you can create and assemble software RAID devices. The supported RAID levels are the following:

RAID 0: This level increases your disk performance. There is no redundancy in this mode. If one of the drives crashes, data recovery will not be possible.
RAID 1: This mode offers the best redundancy. It can be used with two or more disks. An exact copy of all data is maintained on all disks. As long as at least one disk is still working, no data is lost. The partitions used for this type of RAID should have approximately the same size.
RAID 5: This mode combines management of a larger number of disks and still maintains some redundancy. This mode can be used on three disks or more. If one disk fails, all data is still intact. If two disks fail simultaneously, all data is lost.
Multipath: This mode allows access to the same physical device via multiple controllers for redundancy against a fault in a controller card. This mode can be used with at least two devices.

Similar to LVM, a software RAID definition in an AutoYaST profile is composed of two different parts:

Determining which disks or partitions are going to be used as RAID members. To do that, you need to set the raid_name element in such devices.
Defining the RAID itself by using a dedicated drive section.

The following example shows a RAID10 configuration that uses a partition from the first disk and another one from the second disk as RAID members:

Example 4.13: RAID10 configuration #

<partitioning config:type="list">
  <drive>
    <device>/dev/sda</device>
    <partitions config:type="list">
      <partition>
        <mount>/</mount>
        <size>20G</size>
      </partition>
      <partition>
        <raid_name>/dev/md/0</raid_name>
        <size>max</size>
      </partition>
    </partitions>
    <use>all</use>
  </drive>
  <drive>
    <device>/dev/sdb</device>
    <disklabel>none</disklabel>
    <partitions config:type="list">
      <partition>
        <raid_name>/dev/md/0</raid_name>
      </partition>
    </partitions>
    <use>all</use>
  </drive>
  <drive>
    <device>/dev/md/0</device>
    <partitions config:type="list">
      <partition>
        <mount>/home</mount>
        <size>40G</size>
      </partition>
      <partition>
        <mount>/srv</mount>
        <size>10G</size>
      </partition>
    </partitions>
    <raid_options>
      <chunk_size>4</chunk_size>
      <parity_algorithm>near_2</parity_algorithm>
      <raid_type>raid10</raid_type>
    </raid_options>
    <use>all</use>
  </drive>
</partitioning>

If you do not want to create partitions in the software RAID, set the disklabel to none as you would do for a regular disk. In the example below, only the RAID drive section is shown for simplicity's sake:

Example 4.14: RAID10 without partitions #

<drive>
  <device>/dev/md/0</device>
  <disklabel>none</disklabel>
  <partitions config:type="list">
    <partition>
      <mount>/home</mount>
      <size>40G</size>
    </partition>
  </partitions>
  <raid_options>
    <chunk_size>4</chunk_size>
    <parity_algorithm>near_2</parity_algorithm>
    <raid_type>raid10</raid_type>
  </raid_options>
  <use>all</use>
</drive>

4.5.6.1 Using the deprecated syntax #

If the installer self-update feature is enabled, it is possible to partition a software RAID for SUSE Linux Enterprise Server 15. However, that scenario was not supported in previous versions and hence the way to define a software RAID was slightly different.

This section defines what the old-style configuration looks like because it is still supported for backward compatibility.

Keep the following in mind when configuring a RAID using this deprecated syntax:

The device for RAID is always /dev/md.
The property partition_nr is used to determine the MD device number. If partition_nr is equal to 0, then /dev/md/0 is configured. Adding several partition sections means that you want to have multiple software RAIDs (/dev/md/0, /dev/md/1, etc.).
All RAID-specific options are contained in the raid_options resource.

Example 4.15: Old style RAID10 configuration #

<partitioning config:type="list">
  <drive>
    <device>/dev/sda</device>
    <partitions config:type="list">
      <partition>
        <partition_id config:type="integer">253</partition_id>
        <format config:type="boolean">false</format>
        <raid_name>/dev/md0</raid_name>
        <raid_type>raid1</raid_type>
        <size>4G</size>
      </partition>

        <!-- Insert a configuration for the regular partitions located on
                /dev/sda here (for example / and swap) -->

    </partitions>
    <use>all</use>
  </drive>
  <drive>
    <device>/dev/sdb</device>
    <partitions config:type="list">
      <partition>
        <format config:type="boolean">false</format>
        <partition_id config:type="integer">253</partition_id>
        <raid_name>/dev/md0</raid_name>
        <size>4gb</size>
      </partition>
    </partitions>
    <use>all</use>
  </drive>
  <drive>
    <device>/dev/md</device>
    <partitions config:type="list">
      <partition>
        <filesystem config:type="symbol">ext4</filesystem>
        <format config:type="boolean">true</format>
        <mount>/space</mount>
        <partition_id config:type="integer">131</partition_id>
        <partition_nr config:type="integer">0</partition_nr>
        <raid_options>
          <chunk_size>4</chunk_size>
           <parity_algorithm>near_2</parity_algorithm>
          <raid_type>raid10</raid_type>
        </raid_options>
      </partition>
    </partitions>
    <use>all</use>
  </drive>
</partitioning>

4.5.6.2 RAID options #

The following elements must be placed within the following XML structure:

<partition>
     <raid_options>
     ...
     </raid_options>
     </partition>

chunk_size

Can be expressed as a number with the corresponding units (for example, <hunk_size>32M</chunk_size>) or just as a number. If the unit is omitted, kilobytes are used as the default unit. Do not specify chunk_size for RAID1. Bear in mind that raid1 is the default type.

<chunk_size>4</chunk_size>

parity_algorithm

Possible values are:

left_asymmetric, left_symmetric, right_asymmetric, right_symmetric, first, last, first_6, left_asymmetric_6, left_symmetric_6, right_asymmetric_6, right_symmetric_6, near_2, offset_2, far_2, near_3, offset_3, or far_3.

For RAID6 and RAID10, the following values can be used:

parity_first, parity_last, left_asymmetric_6, left_symmetric_6, right_asymmetric_6, right_symmetric_6, parity_first_6, n2, o2, f2, n3, o3, or f3.

The accepted values for each RAID depend on the RAID level (eg. raid5) and the number of devices in the RAID. Given that RAID0 or RAID1 do not provide any parity, do not specify this option for such devices.

<parity_algorithm>left_asymmetric</parity_algorithm>

raid_type

Possible values are: raid0, raid1, raid5, raid6 and raid10.

<raid_type>raid1</raid_type>

The default is raid1.

device_order

This list contains the order of the physical devices:

<device_order config:type="list"><device>/dev/sdb2</device><device>/dev/sda1</device>...</device_order>

This is optional, and the default is alphabetical order.

4.5.7 Multipath support #

AutoYaST can handle multipath devices. To take advantage of them, you need to enable multipath support, as shown in Example 4.16, “Using multipath devices”. Alternatively, you can use the following parameter on the Kernel command line: LIBSTORAGE_MULTIPATH_AUTOSTART=ON.

Unlike SUSE Linux Enterprise 12, it is not required to set the drive section type to CT_DMMULTIPATH. You should use CT_DISK, although for historical reasons, both values are equivalent.

Example 4.16: Using multipath devices #

<general>
  <storage>
    <start_multipath config:type="boolean">true</start_multipath>
  </storage>
</general>
<partitioning>
  <drive>
    <partitions config:type="list">
      <partition>
        <size>20G</size>
        <mount>/</mount>
        <filesystem config:type="symbol">ext4</filesystem>
      </partition>
      <partition>
        <size>auto</size>
        <mount>swap</mount>
      </partition>
    </partitions>
    <type config:type="symbol">CT_DISK</type>
    <use>all</use>
  </drive>
</partitioning>

If you want to specify the device, you could use the World Wide Identifier (WWID), its device name (for example, /dev/dm-0), any other path under /dev/disk that refers to the multipath device or any of its paths.

For example, given the multipath listing from Example 4.17, “Listing multipath devices”, you could use /dev/mapper/14945540000000000f86756dce9286158be4c6e3567e75ba5, /dev/dm-3, any other corresponding path under /dev/disk (as shown in Example 4.18, “Using the WWID to identify a multipath device”), or any of its paths (/dev/sda or /dev/sdb).

Example 4.17: Listing multipath devices #

# multipath -l
14945540000000000f86756dce9286158be4c6e3567e75ba5 dm-3 ATA,VIRTUAL-DISK
size=40G features='0' hwhandler='0' wp=rw
|-+- policy='service-time 0' prio=1 status=active
| `- 2:0:0:0 sda 8:0  active ready running
`-+- policy='service-time 0' prio=1 status=enabled
  `- 3:0:0:0 sdb 8:16 active ready running

Example 4.18: Using the WWID to identify a multipath device #

<drive>
  <partitions config:type="list">
    <device>/dev/mapper/14945540000000000f86756dce9286158be4c6e3567e75ba5</device>
    <partition>
      <size>20G</size>
      <mount>/</mount>
      <filesystem config:type="symbol">ext4</filesystem>
    </partition>
  </partitions>
  <type config:type="symbol">CT_DISK</type>
  <use>all</use>
</drive>

4.5.8 `bcache` configuration #

bcache is a caching system which allows the use of multiple fast drives to speed up the access to one or more slower drives. For example, you can improve the performance of a large (but slow) drive by using a fast one as a cache.

For more information about bcache on SUSE Linux Enterprise Server, also see the blog post at https://www.suse.com/c/combine-the-performance-of-solid-state-drive-with-the-capacity-of-a-hard-drive-with-bcache-and-yast/.

To set up a bcache device, AutoYaST needs a profile that specifies the following:

To set a (slow) block device as backing device, use the bcache_backing_for element.
To set a (fast) block device as caching device, use the bcache_caching_for element. You can use the same device to speed up the access to several drives.
To specify the layout of the bcache device, use a drive section and set the type element to CT_BCACHE. The layout of the bcache device may contain partitions.

Example 4.19: bcache definition #

<partitioning config:type="list">
  <drive>
    <device>/dev/sda</device>
    <type config:type="symbol">CT_DISK</type>
    <use>all</use>
    <enable_snapshots config:type="boolean">true</enable_snapshots>
    <partitions config:type="list">
      <partition>
        <filesystem config:type="symbol">btrfs</filesystem>
        <mount>/</mount>
        <create config:type="boolean">true</create>
        <size>max</size>
      </partition>
      <partition>
        <filesystem config:type="symbol">swap</filesystem>
        <mount>swap</mount>
        <create config:type="boolean">true</create>
        <size>2GiB</size>
      </partition>
    </partitions>
  </drive>

  <drive>
    <type config:type="symbol">CT_DISK</type>
    <device>/dev/sdb</device>
    <disklabel>msdos</disklabel>
    <use>all</use>
    <partitions config:type="list">
      <partition>
        <!-- It can serve as caching device for several bcaches -->
        <bcache_caching_for config:type="list">
          <listentry>/dev/bcache0</listentry>
        </bcache_caching_for>
        <size>max</size>
      </partition>
    </partitions>
  </drive>

  <drive>
    <type config:type="symbol">CT_DISK</type>
    <device>/dev/sdc</device>
    <use>all</use>
    <disklabel>msdos</disklabel>
    <partitions config:type="list">
      <partition>
        <!-- It can serve as backing device for one bcache -->
        <bcache_backing_for>/dev/bcache0</bcache_backing_for>
      </partition>
    </partitions>
  </drive>

  <drive>
    <type config:type="symbol">CT_BCACHE</type>
    <device>/dev/bcache0</device>
    <bcache_options>
      <cache_mode>writethrough</cache_mode>
    </bcache_options>
    <use>all</use>
    <partitions config:type="list">
      <partition>
        <mount>/data</mount>
        <size>20GiB</size>
      </partition>
      <partition>
        <mount>swap</mount>
        <filesystem config:type="symbol">swap</filesystem>
        <size>1GiB</size>
      </partition>
    </partitions>
  </drive>
</partitioning>

For the time being, the only supported option in the bcache_options section is cache_mode, described below.

cache_mode

Cache mode for bcache. Possible values are:

writethrough
writeback
writearound
none

<cache_mode>writethrough</cache_mode>

4.5.9 Multi-device Btrfs configuration #

Btrfs supports creating a single volume that spans more than one storage device, offering similar features to software RAID implementations such as the Linux kernel's built-in mdraid subsystem. Multi-device Btrfs offers advantages over some other RAID implementations. For example, you can dynamically migrate a multi-device Btrfs volume from one RAID level to another, RAID levels can be set on a per-file basis, and more. However, not all of these features are fully supported yet in SUSE Linux Enterprise Server 15 SP3.

With AutoYaST, a multi-device Btrfs can be configured by specifying a drive with the CT_BTRFS type. The device property is used as an arbitrary name to identify each multi-device Btrfs.

As with RAID, you need to create all block devices first (for example, partitions, LVM logical volumes, etc.) and assign them to the Btrfs file system you want to create over such block devices.

The following example shows a simple multi-device Btrfs configuration:

Example 4.20: Multi-device Btrfs configuration #

<partitioning config:type="list">
  <drive>
    <device>/dev/sda</device>
    <disklabel>none</disklabel>
    <partitions>
      <partition>
        <btrfs_name>root_fs</btrfs_name>
      </partition>
    </partitions>
    <use>all</use>
  </drive>
  <drive>
    <device>/dev/sdb</device>
    <disklabel>gpt</disklabel>
    <partitions>
      <partition>
        <partition_nr>1</partition_nr>
        <size>4gb</size>
        <filesystem>ext4</filesystem>
        <btrfs_name>root_fs</btrfs_name>
      </partition>
    </partitions>
    <use>all</use>
  </drive>
  <drive>
    <device>root_fs</device>
    <type config:type="symbol">CT_BTRFS</type>
    <partitions>
      <partition config:type="list>
        <mount>/</mount>
      </partition>
    </partitions>
    <btrfs_options>
      <raid_leve>raid1</raid_level>
      <metadata_raid_leve>raid1</metadata_raid_level>
    </btrfs_options>
  </drive>
</partitioning>

The supported data and metadata RAID levels are: default, single, dup, raid0, raid1, and raid10. By default, file system metadata is mirrored across two devices and data is striped across all of the devices. If only one device is present, metadata will be duplicated on that one device.

Keep the following in mind when configuring a multi-device Btrfs file system:

Devices need to indicate the btrfs_name property to be included into a multi-device Btrfs file system.
All Btrfs-specific options are contained in the btrfs_options resource of a CT_BTRFS drive.

4.5.10 NFS configuration #

AutoYaST allows to install SUSE Linux Enterprise Server onto Network File System (NFS) shares. To do so, you must create a drive with the CT_NFS type and provide the NFS share name (SERVER:PATH) as device name. The information relative to the mount point is included as part of its first partition section. Note that for an NFS drive, only the first partition is taken into account.

For more information on how to configure an NFS client and server after the system has been installed, refer to Section 4.20, “NFS client and server”.

Example 4.21: NFS share definition #

        <partitioning config:type="list">
          <drive>
            <device>192.168.1.1:/exports/root_fs</device>
            <type config:type="symbol">CT_NFS</type>
            <use>all</use>
            <partitions config:type="list">
              <partition>
                <mount>/</mount>
                <fstopt>nolock</fstopt>
              </partition>
            </partitions>
          </drive>
        </partitioning>

4.5.11 `tmpfs` configuration #

AutoYaST supports the definition of tmpfs virtual file systems by setting the type element to CT_TMPFS. Each partition section represents a tmpfs file system.

Example 4.22: tmpfs definition #

      <partitioning config:type="list">
        <drive>
          <type config:type="symbol">CT_TMPFS</type>
          <partitions config:type="list">
            <partition>
              <mount>/srv</mount>
              <fstopt>size=512M</fstopt>
            </partition>
            <partition>
              <mount>/temp</mount>
            </partition>
          </partitions>
        <drive>
      <partitioning>

tmpfs devices are different from regular file systems like Ext4 or Btrfs. Therefore, the only relevant elements are mount, which is mandatory, and fstopt. The latter is used to set file system attributes like its size limit, mode, and so on. You can find additional information about the known options in the tmpfs man page.

4.5.12 IBM Z specific configuration #

4.5.12.1 Configuring DASD disks #

The elements listed below must be placed within the following XML structure:

<dasd>
 <devices config:type="list">
  <listentry>
   ...
  </listentry>
 </devices>
</dasd>

tags in the <profile> section. Each disk needs to be configured in a separate <listentry> ... </listentry> section.

DASD configuration #

device

DASD is the only value allowed.

<device>DASD</dev_name>

dev_name

Specify the device (dasdN) you want to configure in this section.

<dev_name>/dev/dasda</dev_name>

Optional but recommended. If left out, AutoYaST tries to guess the device.

channel

Channel by which the disk is accessed.

<channel>0.0.0150</channel>

Mandatory.

diag

Enable or disable the use of DIAG. Possible values are true (enable) or false (disable).

<diagconfig:type="boolean">true</diag>

Optional.

4.5.12.2 Configuring zFCP disks #

The following elements must be placed within the following XML structure:

<profile>
  <zfcp>
    <devices config:type="list">
      <listentry>
        ...
      </listentry>
    </devices>
  </zfcp>
<profile>

Each disk needs to be configured in a separate listentry section.

controller_id

Channel number

<controller_id>0.0.fc00</controller_id>

The controller_id element is required.

There are two optional elements: wwpn (Worldwide Port Number, the target port through which the SCSI device is attached) and fcp_lun (logical unit number of the SCSI device). It is not necessary to specify these for FCP devices running in NPIV (Node Port ID Virtualization) mode, and when the zfcp module parameter allow_lun_scan is set to 1 (the default setting), which enables automatic LUN scanning by the zfcp device driver.

If automatic LUN scanning is not available, set the wwpn and fcp_lun options manually.

wwpn

Worldwide port number

<wwpn>0x500507630300c562</wwpn>

fcp_lun

Logical unit number

<fcp_lun>0x4010403200000000</fcp_lun>

See the IBM documentation for more information, https://www.ibm.com/docs/en/linux-on-systems?topic=wsd-configuring-devices.

4.6 iSCSI initiator overview #

Using the iscsi-client resource, you can configure the target machine as an iSCSI client.

Example 4.23: iSCSI client #

  <iscsi-client>
    <initiatorname>iqn.2013-02.de.suse:01:e229358d2dea</initiatorname>
    <targets config:type="list">
      <listentry>
         <authmethod>None</authmethod>
         <portal>192.168.1.1:3260</portal>
         <startup>onboot</startup>
         <target>iqn.2001-05.com.doe:test</target>
         <iface>default</iface>
      </listentry>
    </targets>
    <version>1.0</version>
  </iscsi-client>

iSCSI initiator configuration settings #

initiatorname

InitiatorName is a value from /etc/iscsi/initiatorname.iscsi. In case you have iBFT, this value will be added from there and you are only able to change it in the BIOS setup.

version

Version of the YaST module. Default: 1.0

targets

List of targets. Each entry contains:

authmethod: Authentication method: None/CHAP
portal: Portal address
startup: Value: manual/onboot
target: Target name
iface: Interface name

4.7 Fibre channel over Ethernet configuration (FCoE) #

Using the fcoe_cfg resource, you can configure a Fibre Channel over Ethernet (FCoE).

Example 4.24: FCoE configuration #

  <fcoe-client>
    <fcoe_cfg>
      <DEBUG>no</DEBUG>
      <USE_SYSLOG>yes</USE_SYSLOG>
    </fcoe_cfg>
    <interfaces config:type="list">
      <listentry>
        <dev_name>eth3</dev_name>
        <mac_addr>01:000:000:000:42:42</mac_addr>
        <device>Gigabit 1313</device>
        <vlan_interface>200</vlan_interface>
        <fcoe_vlan>eth3.200</fcoe_vlan>
        <fcoe_enable>yes</fcoe_enable>
        <dcb_required>yes</dcb_required>
        <auto_vlan>no</auto_vlan>
        <dcb_capable>no</dcb_capable>
        <cfg_device>eth3.200</cfg_device>
      </listentry>
    </interfaces>
    <service_start>
      <fcoe config:type="boolean">true</fcoe>
      <lldpad config:type="boolean">true</lldpad>
    </service_start>
  </fcoe-client>

fcoe_cfg

Values: yes/no

DEBUG is used to enable or disable debugging messages from the fcoe service script and fcoemon.

USE_SYSLOG messages are sent to the system log if set to yes.

interfaces

List of network cards including the status of VLAN and FCoE configuration.

service_start

Values: yes/no

Enable or disable the start of the services fcoe and lldpad boot time.

Starting the fcoe service means starting the Fibre Channel over Ethernet service daemon fcoemon which controls the FCoE interfaces and establishes a connection with the lldpad daemon.

The lldpad service provides the Link Layer Discovery Protocol agent daemon lldpad, which informs fcoemon about DCB (Data Center Bridging) features and configuration of the interfaces.

4.8 Country settings #

Language, time zone, and keyboard settings.

Example 4.25: Language #

       <language>
         <language>en_GB</language>
         <languages>de_DE,en_US</languages>
       </language>

language: Primary language
languages: Secondary languages separated by commas

A list of available languages can be found under /usr/share/YaST2/data/languages.

If the configured value for the primary language is unknown, it will be reset to the default, en_US.

Example 4.26: Time zone #

       <timezone>
         <hwclock>UTC</hwclock>
         <timezone>Europe/Berlin</timezone>
       </timezone>

hwclock

Whether the hardware clock uses local time or UTC.

Values: localtime/UTC.

timezone

Time zone.

A list of available time zones can be found under /usr/share/YaST2/data/timezone_raw.ycp

Example 4.27: Keyboard #

       <keyboard>
         <keymap>german</keymap>
       </keyboard>

keymap

Keyboard layout

Keymap-code values or keymap-alias values are valid. A list of available entries can be found in /usr/share/YaST2/lib/y2keyboard/keyboards.rb. For example, english-us, us, english-uk, uk.

4.9 Software #

4.9.1 Product selection #

Starting with SUSE Linux Enterprise Server 15, all products are distributed using a single installation medium. Therefore you need to choose which product to install by using the product tag.

The available values for the product tag are:

SLES: SUSE Linux Enterprise Server
SLE_HPC: SUSE Linux Enterprise High Performance Computing
SLE_RT: SUSE Linux Enterprise Real Time
SLES_SAP: SUSE Linux Enterprise Server for SAP Applications
SLED: SUSE Linux Enterprise Desktop
SUSE-manager-server: SUSE Manager Server
SUSE-manager-retail-branch-server: SUSE Manager for Retail
SUSE-manager-proxy: SUSE Manager Proxy

Example 4.28: Explicit product selection #

In the following example, SUSE Linux Enterprise Desktop is the chosen product:

<software>
  <products config:type="list">
    <product>SLED</product>
  </products>
</software>

In special cases, the medium might contain only one product. If so, you do not need to select a product explicitly as described above. AutoYaST will select the only available product automatically.

Note: Using AutoYaST files from previous versions

If you are using or migrating an AutoYaST configuration file from an older version of SUSE Linux Enterprise Server, be aware that there are some special considerations. For details, refer to Section D.1, “Product selection”.

4.9.2 Package selection with patterns and packages sections #

Patterns or packages are configured like this:

Example 4.29: Package selection in the control file with patterns and packages sections #

<software>
  <patterns config:type="list">
    <pattern>directory_server</pattern>
  </patterns>
  <packages config:type="list">
    <package>apache</package>
    <package>postfix</package>
  </packages>
  <do_online_update config:type="boolean">true</do_online_update>
</software>

Note: Package and pattern names

The values are real package or pattern names. If the package name has been changed because of an upgrade, you will need to adapt these settings too.

It is possible to specify package and pattern names using regular expressions. In that case, AutoYaST will select all packages or patterns that match the expression. Beware that such expressions must be enclosed within slashes. In Example 4.30, “Packages selection using a regular expression”, all packages whose name starts with nginx will be selected (e.g., nginx and nginx-macros).

Example 4.30: Packages selection using a regular expression #

<software>
  <packages config:type="list">
    <package>/nginx.*/</package>
  </packages>
</software>

4.9.3 Installing additional/customized packages or products #

In addition to the packages available for installation on the DVD-ROMs, you can add external packages including customized kernels. Customized kernel packages must be compatible to the SUSE packages and must install the kernel files to the same locations.

Unlike in earlier versions, you do not need a special resource in the control file to install custom and external packages. Instead you need to re-create the package database and update it with any new packages or new package versions in the source repository.

A script is provided for this task which will query packages available in the repository and create the package database. Use the command /usr/bin/create_package_descr. It can be found in the inst-source-utils package in the openSUSE Build Service. When creating the database, all languages will be reset to English.

Example 4.31: Creating a package database with the additional package inst-source-utils.rpm #

The unpacked DVD is located in /usr/local/DVDs/LATEST.

> cp /tmp/inst-source-utils-2016.7.26-1.2.noarch.rpm /usr/local/DVDs/LATEST/suse/noarch
> cd /usr/local/DVDs/LATEST/suse
> create_package_descr -d /usr/local/CDs/LATEST/suse

In the above example, the directory /usr/local/CDs/LATEST/suse contains the architecture dependent (for example x86_64) and architecture independent packages (noarch). This might look different on other architectures.

The advantage of this method is that you can keep an up-to-date repository with fixed and updated package. Additionally this method makes the creation of custom CD-ROMs easier.

To add your own module such as the SDK (SUSE Software Development Kit), add a file add_on_products.xml to the installation source in the root directory.

The following example shows how the SDK module can be added to the base product repository. The complete SDK repository will be stored in the directory /sdk.

Example 4.32: add_on_products.xml #

This file describes an SDK module included in the base product.

<?xml version="1.0"?>
<add_on_products xmlns="http://www.suse.com/1.0/yast2ns"
   xmlns:config="http://www.suse.com/1.0/configns">
   <product_items config:type="list">
      <product_item>
         <name>SUSE Linux Enterprise Software Development Kit</name>
         <url>relurl:////sdk?alias=SLE_SDK</url>
         <path>/</path>
         <-- Users are asked whether to add such a product -->
         <ask_user config:type="boolean">false</ask_user>
         <-- Defines the default state of pre-selected state in case of ask_user used. -->
         <selected config:type="boolean">true</selected>
      </product_item>
   </product_items>
</add_on_products>

Besides this special case, all other modules, extensions and add-on products can be added from almost every other location during an AutoYaST installation.

Note: Repositories served by a registration server

If you want to use add-ons from a registration server (SMT, RMT, or SCC), define them in the suse_register section. See Section 4.3.1, “Extensions”.

Even repositories which do not have any product or module information can be added during the installation. These are called other add-ons.

Example 4.33: Adding the SDK extension and a user defined repository #

<add-on>
  <add_on_products config:type="list">
    <listentry>
      <media_url>cd:///sdk</media_url>
      <product>sle-sdk</product>
      <alias>SLE SDK</alias>
      <product_dir>/</product_dir>
      <priority config:type="integer">20</priority>
      <ask_on_error config:type="boolean">false</ask_on_error>
      <confirm_license config:type="boolean">false</confirm_license>
      <name>SUSE Linux Enterprise Software Development Kit</name>
    </listentry>
  </add_on_products>
  <add_on_others config:type="list">
    <listentry>
      <media_url>https://download.opensuse.org/repositories/YaST:/Head/openSUSE_Leap_15.2/</media_url>
      <alias>yast2_head</alias>
      <priority config:type="integer">30</priority>
      <name>Latest YaST2 packages from OBS</name>
    </listentry>
  </add_on_others>
</add-on>

The add_on_others and add_on_products sections support the same values:

media_url

Product URL. Can have the prefix cd:///, http://, ftp://, etc. This entry is mandatory.

If you use a multi-product medium such as the SUSE Linux Enterprise Packages DVD, then the URL path should point to the root directory of the multi-product medium. The specific product directory is selected using the product_dir value (see below).

product

Internal product name if the add-on is a product. The command zypper products shows the names of installed products.

alias

Repository alias name. Defined by the user.

product_dir

Optional subpath. This should only be used for multi-product media such as the SUSE Linux Enterprise Packages DVD.

priority

Sets the repository libzypp priority. Priority of 1 is the highest. The higher the number, the lower the priority. Default is 99.

ask_on_error

AutoYaST can ask the user to make add-on products, modules or extensions available instead of reporting a time-out error when no repository can be found at the given location. Set ask_on_error to true (the default is false).

confirm_license

The user needs to confirm the license. Default is false.

name

Repository name. The command zypper lr shows the names of added repositories.

To use unsigned installation sources with AutoYaST, turn off the checks with the following configuration in your AutoYaST control file.

Note: Unsigned installation sources—limitations

You can only disable signature checking during the first stage of the auto-installation process. In stage two, the installed system's configuration takes precedence over AutoYaST configuration.

The elements listed below must be placed within the following XML structure:

<general>
  <signature-handling>
    ...
  </signature-handling>
</general>

Default values for all options are false. If an option is set to false and a package or repository fails the respective test, it is silently ignored and will not be installed. Note that setting any of these options to true is a potential security risk. Never do it when using packages or repositories from third party sources.

accept_unsigned_file

If set to true, AutoYaST will accept unsigned files such as the content file.

<accept_unsigned_file config:type="boolean" >true</accept_unsigned_file>

accept_file_without_checksum

If set to true, AutoYaST will accept files without a checksum in the content file.

<accept_file_without_checksum config:type="boolean" >true</accept_file_without_checksum>

accept_verification_failed

If set to true, AutoYaST will accept signed files even when the verification of the signature failed.

<accept_verification_failed config:type="boolean" >true</accept_verification_failed>

accept_unknown_gpg_key

If set to true, AutoYaST will accept new GPG keys of the installation sources, for example the key used to sign the content file.

<accept_unknown_gpg_key config:type="boolean" >true</accept_unknown_gpg_key>

accept_non_trusted_gpg_key

Set this option to true to accept known keys you have not yet trusted.

<accept_non_trusted_gpg_key config:type="boolean" >true</accept_non_trusted_gpg_key>

import_gpg_key

If set to true, AutoYaST will accept and import new GPG keys on the installation source in its database.

<import_gpg_key config:type="boolean" >true</import_gpg_key>

It is possible to configure the signature handling for each add-on product, module, or extension individually. The following elements must be between the signature-handling section of the individual add-on product, module, or extension. All settings are optional. If not configured, the global signature-handling from the general section is used.

accept_unsigned_file

If set to true, AutoYaST will accept unsigned files such as the content file for this add-on product.

<accept_unsigned_file config:type="boolean" >true</accept_unsigned_file>

accept_file_without_checksum

If set to true, AutoYaST will accept files without a checksum in the content file for this add-on.

<accept_file_without_checksum config:type="boolean" >true</accept_file_without_checksum>

accept_verification_failed

If set to true, AutoYaST will accept signed files even when the verification of the signature fails.

<accept_verification_failed config:type="boolean" >true</accept_verification_failed>

accept_unknown_gpg_key

If all is set to true, AutoYaST will accept new GPG keys on the installation source.

<accept_unknown_gpg_key> <all config:type="boolean">true</all> </accept_unknown_gpg_key>

Alternatively, you can define single keys:

<accept_unknown_gpg_key> <all config:type="boolean">false</all> <keys config:type="list"> <keyid>3B3011B76B9D6523</keyid> lt;/keys> </accept_unknown_gpg_key>

accept_non_trusted_gpg_key

This means that the key is known, but it is not trusted by you. You can trust all keys by adding:

<accept_non_trusted_gpg_key> <all config:type="boolean">true</all> </accept_non_trusted_gpg_key>

Alternatively, you can trust specific keys:

<accept_non_trusted_gpg_key> <all config:type="boolean">false</all> <keys config:type="list"> <keyid>3B3011B76B9D6523</keyid> </keys> </accept_non_trusted_gpg_key>

import_gpg_key

If all is set to true, AutoYaST will accept and import all new GPG keys on the installation source into its database.

<import_gpg_key> <all config:type="boolean">true</all> </import_gpg_key>

This can be done for specific keys only:

<import_gpg_key> <all config:type="boolean">false</all> <keys config:type="list"> <keyid>3B3011B76B9D6523</keyid> </keys> </import_gpg_key>

4.9.4 Kernel packages #

Kernel packages are not part of any selection. The required kernel is determined during installation. If the kernel package is added to any selection or to the individual package selection, installation will mostly fail because of conflicts.

To force the installation of a specific kernel, use the kernel property. The following is an example of forcing the installation of the default kernel. This kernel will be installed even if an SMP or other kernel is required.

Example 4.34: Kernel selection in the control file #

<software>
  <kernel>kernel-default</kernel>
  ...
</software>

4.9.5 Removing automatically selected packages #

Some packages are selected automatically either because of a dependency or because it is available in a selection.

Removing these packages might break the system consistency, and it is not recommended to remove basic packages unless a replacement which provides the same services is provided. The best example for this case are mail transfer agent (MTA) packages. By default, postfix will be selected and installed. To use another MTA like sendmail, then postfix can be removed from the list of selected package using a list in the software resource. However, note that sendmail is not shipped with SUSE Linux Enterprise Server. The following example shows how this can be done:

Example 4.35: Package selection in control file #

<software>
  <packages config:type="list">
    <package>sendmail</package>
  </packages>
  <remove-packages config:type="list">
    <package>postfix</package>
  </remove-packages>
</software>

Note: Package removal failure

Note that it is not possible to remove a package that is part of a pattern (see Section 4.9.2, “Package selection with patterns and packages sections”). When specifying such a package for removal, the installation will fail with the following error message:

The package resolver run failed. Check
      your software section in the AutoYaST profile.

4.9.7 Installing packages in stage 2 #

To install packages after the reboot during stage two, you can use the post-packages element for that:

<software>
  <post-packages config:type="list">
    <package>yast2-cim</package>
  </post-packages>
</software>

4.9.8 Installing patterns in stage 2 #

You can also install patterns in stage 2. Use the post-patterns element for that:

<software>
  <post-patterns config:type="list">
    <pattern>apparmor</pattern>
  </post-patterns>
</software>

4.9.9 Online update in stage 2 #

You can perform an online update at the end of the installation. Set the boolean do_online_update to true. Of course this only makes sense if you add an online update repository in the suse-register/customer-center section, for example, or in a post-script. If the online update repository was already available in stage one via the add-on section, then AutoYaST has already installed the latest packages available. If a kernel update is done via online-update, a reboot at the end of stage two is triggered.

<software>
  <do_online_update config:type="boolean">true</do_online_update>
</software>

4.10 Upgrade #

AutoYaST can also be used for doing a system upgrade. Besides upgrade packages, the following sections are supported too:

scripts/pre-scripts Running user scripts very early, before anything else really happens.
add-on Defining an additional add-on product.
language Setting language.
timezone Setting timezone.
keyboard Setting keyboard.
software Installing additional software/patterns. Removing installed packages.
suse_register Running registration process.

To control the upgrade process the following sections can be defined:

Example 4.36: Upgrade and backup #

  <upgrade>
    <stop_on_solver_conflict config:type="boolean">true</stop_on_solver_conflict>
  </upgrade>
  <backup>
    <sysconfig config:type="boolean">true</sysconfig>
    <modified config:type="boolean">true</modified>
    <remove_old config:type="boolean">true</remove_old>
  </backup>

stop_on_solver_conflict: Halt installation if there are package dependency issues.
modified: Create backups of modified files.
sysconfig: Create backup of /etc/sysconfig directory.
remove_old: Remove backups from previous updates.

To start the AutoYaST upgrade mode, you need:

Procedure 4.1: Starting AutoYaST in offline upgrade mode #

Copy the AutoYaST profile to /root/autoupg.xml on its file system.
Boot the system from the installation medium.
Select the Installation menu item.
On the command line, set autoupgrade=1.
Press Enter to start the upgrade process.

Procedure 4.2: Starting AutoYaST in online upgrade mode #

Boot the system from the installation media.
Select the Installation menu item.
On the command line, set netsetup=dhcp autoupgrade=1 autoyast=http://192.169.3.1/autoyast.xml.
Here, network will be set up via DHCP.
Press Enter to start the upgrade process.

4.11 Services and targets #

With the services-manager resource you can set the default systemd target and specify in detail which system services you want to start or deactivate and how to start them.

The default-target property specifies the default systemd target into which the system boots. Valid options are graphical for a graphical login, or multi-user for a console login.

To specify the set of services that should be started on boot, use the enable and disable lists. To start a service, add its name to the enable list. To make sure that the service is not started on boot, add it to the disable list.

If a service is not listed as enabled or disabled, a default setting is used. The default setting may be either disabled or enabled.

Finally, some services like cups support on-demand activation (socket activated services). If you want to take advantage of such a feature, list the names of those services in the on_demand list instead of enable.

Example 4.37: Configuring services and targets #

<services-manager>
  <default_target>multi-user</default_target>
  <services>
    <disable config:type="list">
      <service>libvirtd</service>
    </disable>
    <enable config:type="list">
      <service>sshd</service>
    </enable>
    <on_demand config:type="list">
      <service>cups</service>
    </on_demand>
  </services>
</services-manager>

4.12 Network configuration #

4.12.1 Configuration Workflow #

Network configuration is mainly used to connect a single workstation to an Ethernet-based LAN. It is commonly configured before AutoYaST starts, to fetch the profile from a network location. This network configuration is usually done through linuxrc

Note: The linuxrc program

For a detailed description of how linuxrc works and its keywords, see Appendix C, Advanced linuxrc options.

By default, YaST copies the network settings that were used during the installation into the final, installed system. This configuration is merged with the one defined in the AutoYaST profile.

AutoYaST settings have higher priority than any existing configuration files. YaST will write ifcfg-* files based on the entries in the profile without removing old ones. If the DNS and routing section is empty or missing, YaST will keep any pre-existing values. Otherwise, it applies the settings from the profile file.

Note: Use AutoYaST network settings during installation

Since SUSE Linux Enterprise Server 15.3, writing the configuration based on the profile happens at the end of the first stage.

However, if network settings are needed during the installation, you can force AutoYaST to write and apply them before registration takes place by setting the setup_before_proposal option to true. Asking AutoYaST to set up the network in the early stages is useful when installation on a network is needed, but the configuration is too complex to define it using linuxrc (see Section 9.3.2, “Auto-installing a single system”).

<setup_before_proposal config:type="boolean">true</setup_before_proposal>

If the configuration is written at the end of installation, it will not be applied until the system is rebooted.

Network settings and service activation are defined under the profile networking global resource.

4.12.2 The Network Resource #

Example 4.38: Network configuration #

<networking>
  <dns>
    <dhcp_hostname config:type="boolean">true</dhcp_hostname>
    <hostname>linux-bqua</hostname>
    <nameservers config:type="list">
      <nameserver>192.168.1.116</nameserver>
      <nameserver>192.168.1.117</nameserver>
      <nameserver>192.168.1.118</nameserver>
    </nameservers>
    <resolv_conf_policy>auto</resolv_conf_policy>
    <searchlist config:type="list">
      <search>example.com</search>
      <search>example.net</search>
    </searchlist>
  </dns>
  <interfaces config:type="list">
    <interface>
      <bootproto>dhcp</bootproto>
      <name>eth0</name>
      <startmode>auto</startmode>
    </interface>
  </interfaces>
  <ipv6 config:type="boolean">true</ipv6>
  <keep_install_network config:type="boolean">false</keep_install_network>
  <managed config:type="boolean">false</managed>
  <net-udev config:type="list">
    <rule>
      <name>eth0</name>
      <rule>ATTR{address}</rule>
      <value>00:30:6E:08:EC:80</value>
    </rule>
  </net-udev>
  <s390-devices config:type="list">
    <listentry>
      <chanids>0.0.0800:0.0.0801:0.0.0802</chanids>
      <type>qeth</type>
    </listentry>
  </s390-devices>
  <routing>
    <ipv4_forward config:type="boolean">false</ipv4_forward>
    <ipv6_forward config:type="boolean">false</ipv6_forward>
    <routes config:type="list">
      <route>
        <destination>192.168.100.0/24</destination>
        <device>eth1</device>
        <extrapara>scope link src 192.168.100.100 table one</extrapara>
        <gateway>-</gateway>
      </route>
      <route>
        <destination>default</destination>
        <device>eth1</device>
        <gateway>192.168.100.1</gateway>
      </route>
      <route>
        <destination>default</destination>
        <device>lo</device>
        <gateway>192.168.5.1</gateway>
      </route>
    </routes>
  </routing>
</networking>

As shown in the example above, the <networking> section can be composed of a few subsections:

interfaces describes the configuration of the network interfaces, including their IP addresses, how they are started, etc.
dns specifies DNS related settings, such as the host name, the list of name servers, etc.
routing defines the routing rules.
s390-devices covers z Systems-specific device settings.
net-udev enumerates the udev rules used to set persistent names.

Additionally, there are a few elements that allow modifying how the network configuration is applied:

backend

Selects the network back-end to be used. Supported values are wicked, network_manager or none, the latter of which will disable the network service.

<backend>network_manager</backend>

keep_install_network

As described in Section 4.12.1, “Configuration Workflow”, by default, AutoYaST merges the network configuration from the running system with the one defined in the profile. If you want to use only the configuration from the profile, set this element to false. The value is true by default.

<keep_install_network config:type="boolean">false</keep_install_network>

managed

Determines whether to use NetworkManager instead of Wicked.

Deprecated. Use backend instead.

<managed config:type="boolean">true</managed>

start_immediately

Forces AutoYaST to restart the network just after writing the configuration.

<start_immediately config:type="boolean">true</start_immediately>

setup_before_proposal

Use the network configuration defined in the profile during the installation process. Otherwise, AutoYaST relies on the configuration set by linuxrc.

<setup_before_proposal config:type="boolean">true</setup_before_proposal>

strict_IP_check_timeout

After setting up the network, AutoYaST checks whether the assigned IP address is duplicated. In that case, it shows a warning whose timeout in seconds is controlled by this element. If it is set to 0, the installation is stopped.

<strict_IP_check_timeout config:type="integer">5</strict_IP_check_timeout>

virt_bridge_proposal

AutoYaST configures a bridge when a virtualization package is selected to be installed (e.g., Xen, QEMU or KVM). You can disable such a behaviour by setting this element to false.

<virt_bridge_proposal config:type="boolean">false</virt_bridge_proposal>

Tip: IPv6 address support

Using IPv6 addresses in AutoYaST is fully supported. To disable IPv6 Address Support, set <ipv6 config:type="boolean">false</ipv6>

4.12.3 Interfaces #

The interfaces section allows the user to define the configuration of interfaces, including how they are started, their IP addresses, networks, and more. The following elements must be enclosed in <interfaces>...</interfaces> tags.

bootproto

Boot protocol used by the interface. Possible values:

static for statically assigned addresses. It is required to specify the IP using the ipaddr element.
dhcp4, dhcp6 or dhcp for setting the IP address with DHCP (IPv4, IPv6 or any).
dhcp+autoip to get the IPv4 configuration from Zeroconf and get IPv6 from DHCP.
autoip to get the IPv4 configuration from Zeroconf.
ibft to get the IP address using the iBFT protocol.
none to skip setting an address. This value is used for bridges and bonding slaves.

Required.

broadcast

Broadcast IP address.

Used only with static boot protocol.

device

Device name.

Deprecated. Use name instead.

name

Device name, for example: eth0.

Required.

lladdr

Link layer address (MAC address).

Optional.

ipaddr

IP address assigned to the interface.

Used only with static boot protocol. It can include a network prefix, for example: 192.168.1.1/24.

remote_ipaddr

Remote IP address for point-to-point connections.

Used only with static boot protocol.

netmask

Network mask, for example: 255.255.255.0.

Deprecated. Use prefixlen instead or include the network prefix in the ipaddr element.

network

Network IP address.

Deprecated. Use ipaddr with prefixlen instead.

prefixlen

Network prefix, for example: 24.

Used only with static boot protocol.

startmode

When to bring up an interface. Possible values are:

hotplug when the device is plugged in. Useful for USB network cards, for example.
auto when the system boots. onboot is a deprecated alias.
ifplugd when the device is managed by the ifplugd daemon.
manual when the device is supposed to be started manually.
nfsroot when the device is needed to mount the root file system, for example, when / is on an NFS volume.
off to never start the device.

ifplugd_priority

Priority for ifplugd daemon. It determines in which order the devices are activated.

Used only with ifplugd start mode.

usercontrol

Parameter is no longer used.

Deprecated.

bonding_slaveX

Name of the bonding device.

Required for bonding devices. X is replaced by a number starting from 0, for example bonding_slave0. Each slave needs to have a unique number.

bonding_module_opts

Options for bonding device.

Used only with bond device.

mtu

Maximum transmission unit for the interface.

Optional.

ethtool_options

Ethtool options during device activation.

Optional.

zone

Firewall zone name which the interface is assigned to.

Optional.

vlan_id

Identifier used for this VLAN.

Used only with a vlan device.

etherdevice

Device to which VLAN is attached.

Used only with a vlan device and required for it.

bridge

yes if interface is a bridge.

Deprecated. It is inferred from other attributes.

bridge_ports

Space-separated list of bridge ports, for example, eth0 eth1.

Used only with a bridge device and required for it.

bridge_stp

Spanning tree protocol. Possible values are on (when enabled) and off (when disabled).

Used only with a bridge device.

bridge_forward_delay

Forward delay for bridge, for example: 15.

Used only with bridge devices. Valid values are between 4 and 30.

aliases

Additional IP addresses. See Section 4.12.4, “Assigning multiple IP addresses”.

Example 4.39: Bonding interface configuration #

<networking>
  <setup_before_proposal config:type="boolean">false</setup_before_proposal>
  <keep_install_network config:type="boolean">false</keep_install_network>
  <interfaces config:type="list">
    <interface>
      <bonding_master>yes</bonding_master>
      <bonding_module_opts>mode=active-backup miimon=100</bonding_module_opts>
      <bonding_slave0>eth1</bonding_slave0>
      <bonding_slave1>eth2</bonding_slave1>
      <bootproto>static</bootproto>
      <name>bond0</name>
      <ipaddr>192.168.1.61</ipaddr>
      <prefixlen>24</prefixlen>
      <startmode>auto</startmode>
    </interface>
    <interface>
      <bootproto>none</bootproto>
      <name>eth1</name>
      <startmode>auto</startmode>
    </interface>
    <interface>
      <bootproto>none</bootproto>
      <name>eth2</name>
      <startmode>auto</startmode>
    </interface>
  </interfaces>
  <net-udev config:type="list">
    <rule>
      <name>eth1</name>
      <rule>ATTR{address}</rule>
      <value>dc:e4:cc:27:94:c7</value>
    </rule>
    <rule>
      <name>eth2</name>
      <rule>ATTR{address}</rule>
      <value>dc:e4:cc:27:94:c8</value>
    </rule>
  </net-udev>
</networking>

Example 4.40: Bridge interface configuration #

<interfaces config:type="list">
  <interface>
    <name>br0</name>
    <bootproto>static</bootproto>
    <bridge>yes</bridge>
    <bridge_forwarddelay>0</bridge_forwarddelay>
    <bridge_ports>eth0 eth1</bridge_ports>
    <bridge_stp>off</bridge_stp>
    <ipaddr>192.168.1.100</ipaddr>
    <prefixlen>24</prefixlen>
    <startmode>auto</startmode>
  </interface>
  <interface>
    <name>eth0</name>
    <bootproto>none</bootproto>
    <startmode>hotplug</startmode>
  </interface>
  <interface>
    <name>eth1</name>
    <bootproto>none</bootproto>
    <startmode>hotplug</startmode>
  </interface>
</interfaces>

4.12.4 Assigning multiple IP addresses #

AutoYaST makes it possible to assign multiple IP addresses to the same interface. They are specified using an aliases element that contains an aliasX entry for each address.

Each entry supports the following elements:

IPADDR

Additional IP address. It can include a network prefix, for example: 192.168.1.1/24.

PREFIXLEN

Network prefix, for example: 24.

NETMASK

Netmask of the address.

Deprecated. Use PREFIXLEN instead or include the network prefix in the IPADDR element.

LABEL

Label of the address.

Note: Case sensitive elements

Keep in mind that for historical reasons, the IPADDR, PREFIXLEN, LABEL and NETMASK elements within the aliases section are case-sensitive.

Example 4.41: Multiple IP Addresses #

<interfaces config:type="list">
  <interface>
    <name>br0</name>
    <bootproto>static</bootproto>
    <ipaddr>192.168.1.100</ipaddr>
    <prefixlen>24</prefixlen>
    <startmode>auto</startmode>
    <aliases>
      <alias0>
        <IPADDR>192.168.1.101</IPADDR>
        <PREFIXLEN>24</PREFIXLEN>
        <LABEL>http</LABEL>
      </alias0>
      <alias1>
        <IPADDR>192.168.2.100</IPADDR>
        <PREFIXLEN>24</PREFIXLEN>
        <LABEL>extra</LABEL>
      </alias1>
    </aliases>
  </interface>
</interfaces>

4.12.5 Persistent names of network interfaces #

The net-udev element allows to specify a set of udev rules that can be used to assign persistent names to interfaces.

name: Network interface name, for example eth3. (Required.)
rule: ATTR{address} for a MAC-based rule, KERNELS for a bus-ID-based rule. (Required.)
value: For example: f0:de:f1:6b:da:69 for a MAC rule, 0000:00:1c.1 or 0.0.0700 for a bus ID rule. (Required.)

Tip: Handling collisions in device names

When creating an incomplete udev rule set, the chosen device name can collide with existing device names. For example, when renaming a network interface to eth0, a collision with a device automatically generated by the kernel can occur. AutoYaST tries to handle such cases in a best effort manner and renames colliding devices.

Example 4.42: Assigning a persistent name using the MAC address #

<net-udev config:type="list">
  <rule>
  <name>eth1</name>
  <rule>ATTR{address}</rule>
  <value>52:54:00:68:54:fb</value>
  </rule>
</net-udev>

4.12.6 Domain name system #

The dns section is used to define name-service related settings, such as the host name or name servers.

hostname

Host name, excluding the domain name part. For example: foo instead of foo.bar. The Linux kernel allows you to use the fully-qualified domain name (FQDN) in place of the host name, and so does YaST. However, this is not the correct usage in the dns section of YaST. The resolver should determine the FQDN. (See "THE FQDN" section of man 1 hostname for information on how FQDNs are resolved.)

If a host name is not specified and is not taken from a DHCP server (see dhcp_hostname), AutoYaST will generate a random hostname.

nameservers

List of name servers. Example:

<nameservers config:type="list">
  <nameserver>192.168.1.116</nameserver>
  <nameserver>192.168.1.117</nameserver>
</nameservers>

searchlist

Search list for host name lookup.

<searchlist config:type="list">
  <search>example.com</search>
</searchlist>

Optional.

dhcp_hostname

Specifies whether the host name must be taken from DHCP or not.

<dhcp_hostname config:type="boolean">true</dhcp_hostname>

4.12.7 Routing #

The routing table allows specification of a list of routes and the packet-forwarding settings for IPv4 and IPv6.

ipv4_forward: Optional: Whether IP forwarding must be enabled for IPv4.
ipv6_forward: Optional: Whether IP forwarding must be enabled for IPv6.
routes: Optional: List of routes.

The following settings describe how routes are defined.

destination

Required: Route destination. An address prefix can be specified, for example: 192.168.122.0/24.

The heading default can be used to indicate that the route is the default gateway in the same address family (ipv4 or ipv6) as the gateway.

device

Required: Interface associated to the route.

gateway

Optional: Gateway's IP address.

netmask

(Deprecated.) Destination's netmask.

Specifying the prefix as part of the destination value is preferred.

extrapara

Optional: Further route options like metric, mtu or table.

Example 4.43: Network routing configuration #

<routing>
  <ipv4_forward config:type="boolean">true</ipv4_forward>
  <ipv6_forward config:type="boolean">true</ipv6_forward>
  <routes config:type="list">
    <route>
      <destination>192.168.100.0/24</destination>
      <device>eth1</device>
      <extrapara>scope link src 192.168.100.100 table one</extrapara>
    </route>
    <route>
      <destination>default</destination>
      <device>eth1</device>
      <gateway>192.168.100.1</gateway>
    </route>
    <route>
      <destination>default</destination>
      <device>lo</device>
      <gateway>192.168.5.1</gateway>
    </route>
  </routes>
</routing>

4.12.8 s390 options #

The following elements must be between the <s390-devices>... </s390-devices> tags.

type

qeth, ctc or iucv.

chanids

channel IDs, separated by a colon (preferred) or a space

<chanids>0.0.0700:0.0.0701:0.0.0702</chanids>

layer2

<layer2 config:type="boolean">true</layer2>

boolean; default: false

portname

QETH port name (deprecated since SLE 12 SP2)

protocol

Optional: CTC / LCS protocol, a small number (as a string)

<protocol>1</protocol>

router

IUCV router/user

In addition to the options mentioned above, AutoYaST also supports IBM Z-specific options in other sections of the configuration file. In particular, you can define the logical link address, or LLADDR (in the case of Ethernet, that is the MAC address). To do so, use the option LLADDR in the device definition.

Tip: LLADDR for VLANs

VLAN devices inherit their LLADDR from the underlying physical devices. To set a particular address for a VLAN device, set the LLADDR option for the underlying physical device.

4.13 Proxy #

Configure your Internet proxy (caching) settings.

Configure proxies for HTTP, HTTPS, and FTP with http_proxy, https_proxy and ftp_proxy, respectively. Addresses or names that should be directly accessible need to be specified with no_proxy (space separated values). If you are using a proxy server with authorization, fill in proxy_user and proxy_password,

Example 4.44: Network configuration: proxy #

<proxy>
  <enabled config:type="boolean">true</enabled>
  <ftp_proxy>http://192.168.1.240:3128</ftp_proxy>
  <http_proxy>http://192.168.1.240:3128</http_proxy>
  <no_proxy>www.example.com .example.org localhost</no_proxy>
  <proxy_password>testpw</proxy_password>
  <proxy_user>testuser</proxy_user>
</proxy>

Note

The proxy settings will be written during the installation when the network configuration is forced to be written before the proposal or when the proxy settings are given through linuxrc.

4.14 NIS client and server #

Using the nis resource, you can configure the target machine as a NIS client. The following example shows a detailed configuration using multiple domains.

Example 4.45: Network configuration: NIS #

 <nis>
  <nis_broadcast config:type="boolean">true</nis_broadcast>
  <nis_broken_server config:type="boolean">true</nis_broken_server>
  <nis_domain>test.com</nis_domain>
  <nis_local_only config:type="boolean">true</nis_local_only>
  <nis_options></nis_options>
  <nis_other_domains config:type="list">
    <nis_other_domain>
      <nis_broadcast config:type="boolean">false</nis_broadcast>
      <nis_domain>domain.com</nis_domain>
      <nis_servers config:type="list">
        <nis_server>10.10.0.1</nis_server>
      </nis_servers>
    </nis_other_domain>
  </nis_other_domains>
  <nis_servers config:type="list">
    <nis_server>192.168.1.1</nis_server>
  </nis_servers>
  <start_autofs config:type="boolean">true</start_autofs>
  <start_nis config:type="boolean">true</start_nis>
</nis>

4.15 NIS server #

You can configure the target machine as a NIS server. NIS Master Server and NIS Slave Server and a combination of both are available.

Example 4.46: NIS server configuration #

  <nis_server>
    <domain>mydomain.de</domain>
    <maps_to_serve config:type="list">
      <nis_map>auto.master</nis_map>
      <nis_map>ethers</nis_map>
    </maps_to_serve>
    <merge_passwd config:type="boolean">false</merge_passwd>
    <mingid config:type="integer">0</mingid>
    <minuid config:type="integer">0</minuid>
    <nopush config:type="boolean">false</nopush>
    <pwd_chfn config:type="boolean">false</pwd_chfn>
    <pwd_chsh config:type="boolean">false</pwd_chsh>
    <pwd_srcdir>/etc</pwd_srcdir>
    <securenets config:type="list">
      <securenet>
        <netmask>255.0.0.0</netmask>
        <network>127.0.0.0</network>
      </securenet>
    </securenets>
    <server_type>master</server_type>
    <slaves config:type="list"/>
    <start_ypbind config:type="boolean">false</start_ypbind>
    <start_yppasswdd config:type="boolean">false</start_yppasswdd>
    <start_ypxfrd config:type="boolean">false</start_ypxfrd>
  </nis_server>

Attribute, Values, Description #

domain

NIS domain name.

maps_to_serve

List of maps which are available for the server.

Values: auto.master, ethers, group, hosts, netgrp, networks, passwd, protocols, rpc, services, shadow

merge_passwd

Select if your passwd file should be merged with the shadow file (only possible if the shadow file exists).

Value: true/false

mingid

Minimum GID to include in the user maps.

minuid

Minimum UID to include in the user maps.

nopush

Do not push the changes to slave servers. (Useful if there are none).

Value: true/false

pwd_chfn

YPPWD_CHFN - allow changing the full name

Value: true/false

pwd_chsh

YPPWD_CHSH - allow changing the login shell

Value: true/false

pwd_srcdir

YPPWD_SRCDIR - source directory for passwd data

Default: /etc

securenets

List of allowed hosts to query the NIS server

A host address will be allowed if network is equal to the bitwise AND of the host's address and the netmask.

The entry with netmask 255.0.0.0 and network 127.0.0.0 must exist to allow connections from the local host.

Entering netmask 0.0.0.0 and network 0.0.0.0 gives access to all hosts.

server_type

Select whether to configure the NIS server as a master or a slave or not to configure a NIS server.

Values: master, slave, none

slaves

List of host names to configure as NIS server slaves.

start_ypbind

This host is also a NIS client (only when client is configured locally).

Value: true/false

start_yppasswdd

Also start the password daemon.

Value: true/false

start_ypxfrd

Also start the map transfer daemon. Fast Map distribution; it will speed up the transfer of maps to the slaves.

Value: true/false

4.16 Hosts definition #

Using the host resource, you can add more entries to the /etc/hosts file. Already existing entries will not be deleted. The following example shows details.

Example 4.47: /etc/hosts #

    <host>
     <hosts config:type="list">
      <hosts_entry>
       <host_address>133.3.0.1</host_address>
       <names config:type="list">
        <name>booking</name>
       </names>
      </hosts_entry>
      <hosts_entry>
       <host_address>133.3.0.5</host_address>
       <names config:type="list">
        <name>test-machine</name>
       </names>
      </hosts_entry>
     </hosts>
    </host>

4.17 Windows domain membership #

Using the samba-client resource, you can configure membership of a workgroup, NT domain, or Active Directory domain.

Example 4.48: Samba client configuration #

  <samba-client>
    <disable_dhcp_hostname config:type="boolean">true</disable_dhcp_hostname>
    <global>
      <security>domain</security>
      <usershare_allow_guests>No</usershare_allow_guests>
      <usershare_max_shares>100</usershare_max_shares>
      <workgroup>WORKGROUP</workgroup>
    </global>
    <winbind config:type="boolean">false</winbind>
  </samba-client>

Attribute, Values, Description #

disable_dhcp_hostname

Do not allow DHCP to change the host name.

Value: true/false

global/security

Kind of authentication regime (domain technology or Active Directory server (ADS)).

Value: ADS/domain

global/usershare_allow_guests

Sharing guest access is allowed.

Value: No/Yes

global/usershare_max_shares

Max. number of shares from smb.conf.

0 means that shares are not enabled.

global/workgroup

Workgroup or domain name.

winbind

Using winbind.

Value: true/false

4.18 Samba server #

Configuration of a simple Samba server.

Example 4.49: Samba server configuration #

  <samba-server>
    <accounts config:type="list"/>
    <backend/>
    <config config:type="list">
      <listentry>
        <name>global</name>
        <parameters>
          <security>domain</security>
          <usershare_allow_guests>No</usershare_allow_guests>
          <usershare_max_shares>100</usershare_max_shares>
          <workgroup>WORKGROUP</workgroup>
        </parameters>
      </listentry>
    </config>
    <service>Disabled</service>
    <trustdom/>
    <version>2.11</version>
  </samba-server>

Attribute, Values, Description #

accounts

List of Samba accounts.

backend

List of available back-ends.

Value: true/false.

config

Setting additional user-defined parameters in /etc/samba/smb.conf.

The example shows parameters in the global section of /etc/samba/smb.conf.

service

Samba service starts during boot.

Value: Enabled/Disabled.

trustdom/

Trusted Domains.

A map of two maps (keys: establish, revoke). Each map contains entries in the format key: domainname value: password.

version

Samba version.

Default: 2.11.

4.19 Authentication client #

The configuration file must be in the JSON format. Verify that both autoyast2 and autoyast2-installation are installed. Use the Autoinstallation Configuration module in YaST to generate a valid JSON configuration file. Launch YaST and switch to the Miscellaneous › Autoinstallation Configuration. Choose Network Services › User Logon Management, click Edit, and configure the available settings. Click OK when done. To save the generated configuration file, use File › Save.

Tip: Using ldaps://

To use LDAP with native SSL (rather than TLS), add the ldaps resource.

4.20 NFS client and server #

Configuring a system as an NFS client or an NFS server can be done using the configuration system. The following examples show how both NFS client and server can be configured.

From SUSE Linux Enterprise Server 15 SP3 on, the structure of NFS client configuration has changed. Some global configuration options were introduced: enable_nfs4 to switch NFS4 support on/off and idmapd_domain to define domain name for rpc.idmapd (this only makes sense when NFS4 is enabled). Attention: the old structure is not compatible with the new one and the control files with an NFS section created on older releases will not work with newer products.

For more information on how to install SUSE Linux Enterprise Server onto NFS shares, refer to Section 4.5.10, “NFS configuration”.

Example 4.50: Network configuration: NFS client #

<nfs>
  <enable_nfs4 config:type="boolean">true</enable_nfs4>
  <idmapd_domain>suse.cz</idmapd_domain>
  <nfs_entries config:type="list">
    <nfs_entry>
      <mount_point>/home</mount_point>
      <nfs_options>sec=krb5i,intr,rw</nfs_options>
      <server_path>saurus.suse.cz:/home</server_path>
      <vfstype>nfs4</vfstype>
    </nfs_entry>
    <nfs_entry>
      <mount_point>/work</mount_point>
      <nfs_options>defaults</nfs_options>
      <server_path>bivoj.suse.cz:/work</server_path>
      <vfstype>nfs</vfstype>
    </nfs_entry>
    <nfs_entry>
      <mount_point>/mnt</mount_point>
      <nfs_options>defaults</nfs_options>
      <server_path>fallback.suse.cz:/srv/dist</server_path>
      <vfstype>nfs</vfstype>
    </nfs_entry>
  </nfs_entries>
</nfs>

Example 4.51: Network configuration: NFS server #

<nfs_server>
  <nfs_exports config:type="list">
    <nfs_export>
      <allowed config:type="list">
        <allowed_clients>*(ro,root_squash,sync)</allowed_clients>
      </allowed>
      <mountpoint>/home</mountpoint>
    </nfs_export>
    <nfs_export>
      <allowed config:type="list">
        <allowed_clients>*(ro,root_squash,sync)</allowed_clients>
      </allowed>
      <mountpoint>/work</mountpoint>
    </nfs_export>
  </nfs_exports>
  <start_nfsserver config:type="boolean">true</start_nfsserver>
</nfs_server>

4.21 NTP client #

Important: NTP client profile incompatible

Starting with SUSE Linux Enterprise Server 15, the NTP client profile has a new format and is not compatible with previous profiles. You need to update your NTP client profile used in prior SUSE Linux Enterprise Server versions to be compatible with version 15 and newer.

Following is an example of the NTP client configuration:

Example 4.52: Network configuration: NTP client #

<ntp-client>
  <ntp_policy>auto</ntp_policy>1
  <ntp_servers config:type="list">
    <ntp_server>
      <address>cz.pool.ntp.org</address>2
      <iburst config:type="boolean">false</iburst>3
      <offline config:type="boolean">false</offline>4
    </ntp_server>
  </ntp_servers>
  <ntp_sync>15</ntp_sync>5
</ntp-client>

1	The `ntp_policy` takes the same values as the `NETCONFIG_NTP_POLICY` option in `/etc/sysconfig/network/config`. The most common options are 'static' and 'auto' (default). See `man 8 netconfig` for more details.
2	URL of the time server or pool of time servers.
3	`iburst` speeds up the initial time synchronization for the specific time source after `chronyd` is started.
4	When the `offline` option is set to `true` it will prevent the client from polling the time server if it is not available when `chronyd` is started. Polling will not resume until it is started manually with `chronyc online`. This command does not survive a reboot. Setting it to `false` ensures that clients will always attempt to contact the time server, without administrator intervention.
5	For `ntp_sync`, enter 'systemd' (default) when running an NTP daemon, an integer interval in seconds to synchronize using cron, or 'manual' for no automatic synchronization.

The following example illustrates an IPv6 configuration. You may use the server's IP address, host name, or both:

<ntp-server>
  <address>2001:418:3ff::1:53</address>
</ntp-server>

<ntp-server>
  <address>2.pool.ntp.org</address>
</ntp-server>

4.22 Mail server configuration #

For the mail configuration of the client, this module lets you create a detailed mail configuration. The module contains various options. We recommended you use it at least for the initial configuration.

Example 4.53: Mail configuration #

<mail>
  <aliases config:type="list">
    <alias>
      <alias>root</alias>
      <comment></comment>
      <destinations>foo</destinations>
    </alias>
    <alias>
      <alias>test</alias>
      <comment></comment>
      <destinations>foo</destinations>
    </alias>
  </aliases>
  <connection_type config:type="symbol">permanent</connection_type>
  <fetchmail config:type="list">
    <fetchmail_entry>
      <local_user>foo</local_user>
      <password>bar</password>
      <protocol>POP3</protocol>
      <remote_user>foo</remote_user>
      <server>pop.foo.com</server>
    </fetchmail_entry>
    <fetchmail_entry>
      <local_user>test</local_user>
      <password>bar</password>
      <protocol>IMAP</protocol>
      <remote_user>test</remote_user>
      <server>blah.com</server>
    </fetchmail_entry>
  </fetchmail>
  <from_header>test.com</from_header>
  <listen_remote config:type="boolean">true</listen_remote>
  <local_domains config:type="list">
    <domains>test1.com</domains>
  </local_domains>
  <masquerade_other_domains config:type="list">
      <domain>blah.com</domain>
  </masquerade_other_domains>
  <masquerade_users config:type="list">
    <masquerade_user>
      <address>joe@test.com</address>
      <comment></comment>
      <user>joeuser</user>
    </masquerade_user>
    <masquerade_user>
      <address>bar@test.com</address>
      <comment></comment>
      <user>foo</user>
    </masquerade_user>
  </masquerade_users>
  <mta config:type="symbol">postfix</mta>
  <outgoing_mail_server>test.com</outgoing_mail_server>
  <postfix_mda config:type="symbol">local</postfix_mda>
  <smtp_auth config:type="list">
    <listentry>
      <password>bar</password>
      <server>test.com</server>
      <user>foo</user>
    </listentry>
  </smtp_auth>
  <use_amavis config:type="boolean">true</use_amavis>
  <virtual_users config:type="list">
    <virtual_user>
      <alias>test.com</alias>
      <comment></comment>
      <destinations>foo.com</destinations>
    </virtual_user>
    <virtual_user>
      <alias>geek.com</alias>
      <comment></comment>
      <destinations>bar.com</destinations>
    </virtual_user>
  </virtual_users>
</mail>

4.23 Apache HTTP server configuration #

This section is used for configuration of an Apache HTTP server.

For less experienced users, we would suggest to configure the Apache server using the HTTP server YaST module. After that, call the AutoYaST configuration module, select the HTTP server YaST module and clone the Apache settings. These settings can be exported via the menu File.

Example 4.54: HTTP server configuration #

  <http-server>
    <Listen config:type="list">
      <listentry>
        <ADDRESS/>
        <PORT>80</PORT>
      </listentry>
    </Listen>
    <hosts config:type="list">
      <hosts_entry>
        <KEY>main</KEY>
        <VALUE config:type="list">
          <listentry>
            <KEY>DocumentRoot</KEY>
            <OVERHEAD>
            #
            # Global configuration that will be applicable for all
            # virtual hosts, unless deleted here or overriden elsewhere.
            #
            </OVERHEAD>
            <VALUE>"/srv/www/htdocs"</VALUE>
          </listentry>
          <listentry>
            <KEY>_SECTION</KEY>
            <OVERHEAD>
            #
            # Configure the DocumentRoot
            #
            </OVERHEAD>
            <SECTIONNAME>Directory</SECTIONNAME>
            <SECTIONPARAM>"/srv/www/htdocs"</SECTIONPARAM>
            <VALUE config:type="list">
              <listentry>
                <KEY>Options</KEY>
                <OVERHEAD>
                # Possible values for the Options directive are "None", "All",
                # or any combination of:
                #   Indexes Includes FollowSymLinks SymLinksifOwnerMatch
                #   ExecCGI MultiViews
                #
                # Note that "MultiViews" must be named *explicitly*
                # --- "Options All"
                # does not give it to you.
                #
                # The Options directive is both complicated and important.
                #  Please see
                #  http://httpd.apache.org/docs/2.4/mod/core.html#options
                # for more information.
                </OVERHEAD>
                <VALUE>None</VALUE>
              </listentry>
              <listentry>
                <KEY>AllowOverride</KEY>
                <OVERHEAD>
                # AllowOverride controls what directives may be placed in
                # .htaccess files. It can be "All", "None", or any combination
                # of the keywords:
                #   Options FileInfo AuthConfig Limit
                </OVERHEAD>
                <VALUE>None</VALUE>
              </listentry>
              <listentry>
                <KEY>_SECTION</KEY>
                <OVERHEAD>
                # Controls who can get stuff from this server.
                </OVERHEAD>
                <SECTIONNAME>IfModule</SECTIONNAME>
                <SECTIONPARAM>!mod_access_compat.c</SECTIONPARAM>
                <VALUE config:type="list">
                  <listentry>
                    <KEY>Require</KEY>
                    <VALUE>all granted</VALUE>
                  </listentry>
                </VALUE>
              </listentry>
              <listentry>
                <KEY>_SECTION</KEY>
                <SECTIONNAME>IfModule</SECTIONNAME>
                <SECTIONPARAM>mod_access_compat.c</SECTIONPARAM>
                <VALUE config:type="list">
                  <listentry>
                    <KEY>Order</KEY>
                    <VALUE>allow,deny</VALUE>
                  </listentry>
                  <listentry>
                    <KEY>Allow</KEY>
                    <VALUE>from all</VALUE>
                  </listentry>
                </VALUE>
              </listentry>
            </VALUE>
          </listentry>
          <listentry>
            <KEY>Alias</KEY>
            <OVERHEAD>
            # Aliases: aliases can be added as needed (with no limit).
            # The format is Alias fakename realname
            #
            # Note that if you include a trailing / on fakename then the
            # server will require it to be present in the URL.  So "/icons"
            # is not aliased in this example, only "/icons/".  If the fakename
            # is slash-terminated, then the realname must also be slash
            # terminated, and if the fakename omits the trailing slash, the
            # realname must also omit it.
            # We include the /icons/ alias for FancyIndexed directory listings.
            # If you do not use FancyIndexing, you may comment this out.
            #
            </OVERHEAD>
            <VALUE>/icons/ "/usr/share/apache2/icons/"</VALUE>
          </listentry>
          <listentry>
            <KEY>_SECTION</KEY>
            <OVERHEAD>
            </OVERHEAD>
            <SECTIONNAME>Directory</SECTIONNAME>
            <SECTIONPARAM>"/usr/share/apache2/icons"</SECTIONPARAM>
            <VALUE config:type="list">
              <listentry>
                <KEY>Options</KEY>
                <VALUE>Indexes MultiViews</VALUE>
              </listentry>
              <listentry>
                <KEY>AllowOverride</KEY>
                <VALUE>None</VALUE>
              </listentry>
              <listentry>
                <KEY>_SECTION</KEY>
                <SECTIONNAME>IfModule</SECTIONNAME>
                <SECTIONPARAM>!mod_access_compat.c</SECTIONPARAM>
                <VALUE config:type="list">
                  <listentry>
                    <KEY>Require</KEY>
                    <VALUE>all granted</VALUE>
                  </listentry>
                </VALUE>
              </listentry>
              <listentry>
                <KEY>_SECTION</KEY>
                <SECTIONNAME>IfModule</SECTIONNAME>
                <SECTIONPARAM>mod_access_compat.c</SECTIONPARAM>
                <VALUE config:type="list">
                  <listentry>
                    <KEY>Order</KEY>
                    <VALUE>allow,deny</VALUE>
                  </listentry>
                  <listentry>
                    <KEY>Allow</KEY>
                    <VALUE>from all</VALUE>
                  </listentry>
                </VALUE>
              </listentry>
            </VALUE>
          </listentry>
          <listentry>
            <KEY>ScriptAlias</KEY>
            <OVERHEAD>
            # ScriptAlias: This controls which directories contain server
            # scripts. ScriptAliases are essentially the same as Aliases,
            # except that documents in the realname directory are treated
            # as applications and run by the server when requested rather
            # than as documents sent to the client.
            # The same rules about trailing "/" apply to ScriptAlias
            # directives as to Alias.
            #
            </OVERHEAD>
            <VALUE>/cgi-bin/ "/srv/www/cgi-bin/"</VALUE>
          </listentry>
          <listentry>
            <KEY>_SECTION</KEY>
            <OVERHEAD>
            # "/srv/www/cgi-bin" should be changed to wherever your
            # ScriptAliased CGI directory exists, if you have that configured.
            #
            </OVERHEAD>
            <SECTIONNAME>Directory</SECTIONNAME>
            <SECTIONPARAM>"/srv/www/cgi-bin"</SECTIONPARAM>
            <VALUE config:type="list">
              <listentry>
                <KEY>AllowOverride</KEY>
                <VALUE>None</VALUE>
              </listentry>
              <listentry>
                <KEY>Options</KEY>
                <VALUE>+ExecCGI -Includes</VALUE>
              </listentry>
              <listentry>
                <KEY>_SECTION</KEY>
                <SECTIONNAME>IfModule</SECTIONNAME>
                <SECTIONPARAM>!mod_access_compat.c</SECTIONPARAM>
                <VALUE config:type="list">
                  <listentry>
                    <KEY>Require</KEY>
                    <VALUE>all granted</VALUE>
                  </listentry>
                </VALUE>
              </listentry>
              <listentry>
                <KEY>_SECTION</KEY>
                <SECTIONNAME>IfModule</SECTIONNAME>
                <SECTIONPARAM>mod_access_compat.c</SECTIONPARAM>
                <VALUE config:type="list">
                  <listentry>
                    <KEY>Order</KEY>
                    <VALUE>allow,deny</VALUE>
                  </listentry>
                  <listentry>
                    <KEY>Allow</KEY>
                    <VALUE>from all</VALUE>
                  </listentry>
                </VALUE>
              </listentry>
            </VALUE>
          </listentry>
          <listentry>
            <KEY>_SECTION</KEY>
            <OVERHEAD>
            # UserDir: The name of the directory that is appended onto a
            # user's home directory if a ~user request is received.
            # To disable it, simply remove userdir from the list of modules
            # in APACHE_MODULES in /etc/sysconfig/apache2.
            #
            </OVERHEAD>
            <SECTIONNAME>IfModule</SECTIONNAME>
            <SECTIONPARAM>mod_userdir.c</SECTIONPARAM>
            <VALUE config:type="list">
              <listentry>
                <KEY>UserDir</KEY>
                <OVERHEAD>
                # Note that the name of the user directory ("public_html")
                # cannot simply be changed here, since it is a compile time
                # setting. The apache package would need to be rebuilt.
                # You could work around by deleting /usr/sbin/suexec, but
                # then all scripts from the directories would be executed
                # with the UID of the webserver.
                </OVERHEAD>
                <VALUE>public_html</VALUE>
              </listentry>
              <listentry>
                <KEY>Include</KEY>
                <OVERHEAD>
                # The actual configuration of the directory is in
                # /etc/apache2/mod_userdir.conf.
                </OVERHEAD>
                <VALUE>/etc/apache2/mod_userdir.conf</VALUE>
              </listentry>
            </VALUE>
          </listentry>
          <listentry>
            <KEY>IncludeOptional</KEY>
            <OVERHEAD>
            # Include all *.conf files from /etc/apache2/conf.d/.
            #
            # This is mostly meant as a place for other RPM packages to drop
            # in their configuration snippet.
            #
            # 
            # You can comment this out here if you want those bits include
            # only in a certain virtual host, but not here.
            </OVERHEAD>
            <VALUE>/etc/apache2/conf.d/*.conf</VALUE>
          </listentry>
          <listentry>
            <KEY>IncludeOptional</KEY>
            <OVERHEAD>
            # The manual... if it is installed ('?' means it will not complain)
            </OVERHEAD>
            <VALUE>/etc/apache2/conf.d/apache2-manual?conf</VALUE>
          </listentry>
          <listentry>
            <KEY>ServerName</KEY>
            <VALUE>linux-wtyj</VALUE>
          </listentry>
          <listentry>
            <KEY>ServerAdmin</KEY>
            <OVERHEAD>
            </OVERHEAD>
            <VALUE>root@linux-wtyj</VALUE>
          </listentry>
          <listentry>
            <KEY>NameVirtualHost</KEY>
            <VALUE>192.168.43.2</VALUE>
          </listentry>
        </VALUE>
      </hosts_entry>
      <hosts_entry>
        <KEY>192.168.43.2/secondserver.suse.de</KEY>
        <VALUE config:type="list">
          <listentry>
            <KEY>DocumentRoot</KEY>
            <VALUE>/srv/www/htdocs</VALUE>
          </listentry>
          <listentry>
            <KEY>ServerName</KEY>
            <VALUE>secondserver.suse.de</VALUE>
          </listentry>
          <listentry>
            <KEY>ServerAdmin</KEY>
            <VALUE>second_server@suse.de</VALUE>
          </listentry>
          <listentry>
            <KEY>_SECTION</KEY>
            <SECTIONNAME>Directory</SECTIONNAME>
            <SECTIONPARAM>/srv/www/htdocs</SECTIONPARAM>
            <VALUE config:type="list">
              <listentry>
                <KEY>AllowOverride</KEY>
                <VALUE>None</VALUE>
              </listentry>
              <listentry>
                <KEY>Require</KEY>
                <VALUE>all granted</VALUE>
              </listentry>
            </VALUE>
          </listentry>
        </VALUE>
      </hosts_entry>
    </hosts>
    <modules config:type="list">
      <module_entry>
        <change>enable</change>
        <name>socache_shmcb</name>
        <userdefined config:type="boolean">true</userdefined>
      </module_entry>
      <module_entry>
        <change>enable</change>
        <name>reqtimeout</name>
        <userdefined config:type="boolean">true</userdefined>
      </module_entry>
      <module_entry>
        <change>enable</change>
        <name>authn_core</name>
        <userdefined config:type="boolean">true</userdefined>
      </module_entry>
      <module_entry>
        <change>enable</change>
        <name>authz_core</name>
        <userdefined config:type="boolean">true</userdefined>
      </module_entry>
    </modules>
    <service config:type="boolean">true</service>
    <version>2.9</version>
  </http-server>

List Name, List Elements, Description #

Listen

List of host Listen settings

PORT

port address

ADDRESS

Network address. All addresses will be taken if this entry is empty.

hosts

List of Hosts configuration

KEY

Host name; <KEY>main</KEY> defines the main hosts, for example <KEY>192.168.43.2/secondserver.suse.de</KEY>

VALUE

List of different values describing the host.

modules

Module list. Only user-defined modules need to be described.

name

Module name

userdefined

For historical reasons, it is always set to true.

change

For historical reasons, it is always set to enable.

Element, Description, Comment #

version

Version of used Apache server

Only for information. Default 2.9

service

Enable Apache service

Optional. Default: false

Note: Firewall

To run an Apache server correctly, make sure the firewall is configured appropriately.

4.24 Squid server #

Squid is a caching and forwarding Web proxy.

Example 4.55: Squid server configuration #

  <squid>
    <acls config:type="list">
      <listentry>
        <name>QUERY</name>
        <options config:type="list">
          <option>cgi-bin \?</option>
        </options>
        <type>urlpath_regex</type>
      </listentry>
      <listentry>
        <name>apache</name>
        <options config:type="list">
          <option>Server</option>
          <option>^Apache</option>
        </options>
        <type>rep_header</type>
      </listentry>
      <listentry>
        <name>all</name>
        <options config:type="list">
          <option>0.0.0.0/0.0.0.0</option>
        </options>
        <type>src</type>
      </listentry>
      <listentry>
        <name>manager</name>
        <options config:type="list">
          <option>cache_object</option>
        </options>
        <type>proto</type>
      </listentry>
      <listentry>
        <name>localhost</name>
        <options config:type="list">
          <option>127.0.0.1/255.255.255.255</option>
        </options>
        <type>src</type>
      </listentry>
      <listentry>
        <name>to_localhost</name>
        <options config:type="list">
          <option>127.0.0.0/8</option>
        </options>
        <type>dst</type>
      </listentry>
      <listentry>
        <name>SSL_ports</name>
        <options config:type="list">
          <option>443</option>
        </options>
        <type>port</type>
      </listentry>
      <listentry>
        <name>Safe_ports</name>
        <options config:type="list">
          <option>80</option>
        </options>
        <type>port</type>
      </listentry>
      <listentry>
        <name>Safe_ports</name>
        <options config:type="list">
          <option>21</option>
        </options>
        <type>port</type>
      </listentry>
      <listentry>
        <name>Safe_ports</name>
        <options config:type="list">
          <option>443</option>
        </options>
        <type>port</type>
      </listentry>
      <listentry>
        <name>Safe_ports</name>
        <options config:type="list">
          <option>70</option>
        </options>
        <type>port</type>
      </listentry>
      <listentry>
        <name>Safe_ports</name>
        <options config:type="list">
          <option>210</option>
        </options>
        <type>port</type>
      </listentry>
      <listentry>
        <name>Safe_ports</name>
        <options config:type="list">
          <option>1025-65535</option>
        </options>
        <type>port</type>
      </listentry>
      <listentry>
        <name>Safe_ports</name>
        <options config:type="list">
          <option>280</option>
        </options>
        <type>port</type>
      </listentry>
      <listentry>
        <name>Safe_ports</name>
        <options config:type="list">
          <option>488</option>
        </options>
        <type>port</type>
      </listentry>
      <listentry>
        <name>Safe_ports</name>
        <options config:type="list">
          <option>591</option>
        </options>
        <type>port</type>
      </listentry>
      <listentry>
        <name>Safe_ports</name>
        <options config:type="list">
          <option>777</option>
        </options>
        <type>port</type>
      </listentry>
      <listentry>
        <name>CONNECT</name>
        <options config:type="list">
          <option>CONNECT</option>
        </options>
        <type>method</type>
      </listentry>
    </acls>
    <http_accesses config:type="list">
      <listentry>
        <acl config:type="list">
          <listentry>manager</listentry>
          <listentry>localhost</listentry>
        </acl>
        <allow config:type="boolean">true</allow>
      </listentry>
      <listentry>
        <acl config:type="list">
          <listentry>manager</listentry>
        </acl>
        <allow config:type="boolean">false</allow>
      </listentry>
      <listentry>
        <acl config:type="list">
          <listentry>!Safe_ports</listentry>
        </acl>
        <allow config:type="boolean">false</allow>
      </listentry>
      <listentry>
        <acl config:type="list">
          <listentry>CONNECT</listentry>
          <listentry>!SSL_ports</listentry>
        </acl>
        <allow config:type="boolean">false</allow>
      </listentry>
      <listentry>
        <acl config:type="list">
          <listentry>localhost</listentry>
        </acl>
        <allow config:type="boolean">true</allow>
      </listentry>
      <listentry>
        <acl config:type="list">
          <listentry>all</listentry>
        </acl>
        <allow config:type="boolean">false</allow>
      </listentry>
    </http_accesses>
    <http_ports config:type="list">
      <listentry>
        <host/>
        <port>3128</port>
        <transparent config:type="boolean">false</transparent>
      </listentry>
    </http_ports>
    <refresh_patterns config:type="list">
      <listentry>
        <case_sensitive config:type="boolean">true</case_sensitive>
        <max>10080</max>
        <min>1440</min>
        <percent>20</percent>
        <regexp>^ftp:</regexp>
      </listentry>
      <listentry>
        <case_sensitive config:type="boolean">true</case_sensitive>
        <max>1440</max>
        <min>1440</min>
        <percent>0</percent>
        <regexp>^gopher:</regexp>
      </listentry>
      <listentry>
        <case_sensitive config:type="boolean">true</case_sensitive>
        <max>4320</max>
        <min>0</min>
        <percent>20</percent>
        <regexp>.</regexp>
      </listentry>
    </refresh_patterns>
    <service_enabled_on_startup config:type="boolean">true</service_enabled_on_startup>
    <settings>
      <access_log config:type="list">
        <listentry>/var/log/squid/access.log</listentry>
      </access_log>
      <cache_dir config:type="list">
        <listentry>ufs</listentry>
        <listentry>/var/cache/squid</listentry>
        <listentry>100</listentry>
        <listentry>16</listentry>
        <listentry>256</listentry>
      </cache_dir>
      <cache_log config:type="list">
        <listentry>/var/log/squid/cache.log</listentry>
      </cache_log>
      <cache_mem config:type="list">
        <listentry>8</listentry>
        <listentry>MB</listentry>
      </cache_mem>
      <cache_mgr config:type="list">
        <listentry>webmaster</listentry>
      </cache_mgr>
      <cache_replacement_policy config:type="list">
        <listentry>lru</listentry>
      </cache_replacement_policy>
      <cache_store_log config:type="list">
        <listentry>/var/log/squid/store.log</listentry>
      </cache_store_log>
      <cache_swap_high config:type="list">
        <listentry>95</listentry>
      </cache_swap_high>
      <cache_swap_low config:type="list">
        <listentry>90</listentry>
      </cache_swap_low>
      <client_lifetime config:type="list">
        <listentry>1</listentry>
        <listentry>days</listentry>
      </client_lifetime>
      <connect_timeout config:type="list">
        <listentry>2</listentry>
        <listentry>minutes</listentry>
      </connect_timeout>
      <emulate_httpd_log config:type="list">
        <listentry>off</listentry>
      </emulate_httpd_log>
      <error_directory config:type="list">
        <listentry/>
      </error_directory>
      <ftp_passive config:type="list">
        <listentry>on</listentry>
      </ftp_passive>
      <maximum_object_size config:type="list">
        <listentry>4096</listentry>
        <listentry>KB</listentry>
      </maximum_object_size>
      <memory_replacement_policy config:type="list">
        <listentry>lru</listentry>
      </memory_replacement_policy>
      <minimum_object_size config:type="list">
        <listentry>0</listentry>
        <listentry>KB</listentry>
      </minimum_object_size>
    </settings>
  </squid>

Attribute, Values, Description #

acls

List of Access Control Settings (ACLs).

Each list entry contains the name, type, and additional options. Use the YaST Squid configuration module to get an overview of possible entries.

http_accesses

In the Access Control table, access can be denied or allowed to ACL Groups.

If there are more ACL Groups in one definition, access will be allowed or denied to members who belong to all ACL Groups at the same time.

The Access Control table is checked in the order listed here. The first matching entry is used.

http_ports

Define all ports where Squid will listen for clients' HTTP requests.

Host can contain a host name or IP address or remain empty.

transparent disables PMTU discovery when transparent.

refresh_patterns

Refresh patterns define how Squid treats the objects in the cache.

The refresh patterns are checked in the order listed here. The first matching entry is used.

Min determines how long (in minutes) an object should be considered fresh if no explicit expiry time is given. Max is the upper limit of how long objects without an explicit expiry time will be considered fresh. Percent is the percentage of the object's age (time since last modification). An object without an explicit expiry time will be considered fresh.

settings

Map of all available general parameters with default values.

Use the YaST Squid configuration module to get an overview about possible entries.

service_enabled_on_startup

Squid service start when booting.

Value: true/false

4.25 FTP server #

Configure your FTP Internet server settings.

Example 4.56: FTP server configuration: #

  <ftp-server>
    <AnonAuthen>2</AnonAuthen>
    <AnonCreatDirs>NO</AnonCreatDirs>
    <AnonMaxRate>0</AnonMaxRate>
    <AnonReadOnly>NO</AnonReadOnly>
    <AntiWarez>YES</AntiWarez>
    <Banner>Welcome message</Banner>
    <CertFile/>
    <ChrootEnable>NO</ChrootEnable>
    <EnableUpload>YES</EnableUpload>
    <FTPUser>ftp</FTPUser>
    <FtpDirAnon>/srv/ftp</FtpDirAnon>
    <FtpDirLocal/>
    <GuestUser/>
    <LocalMaxRate>0</LocalMaxRate>
    <MaxClientsNumber>10</MaxClientsNumber>
    <MaxClientsPerIP>3</MaxClientsPerIP>
    <MaxIdleTime>15</MaxIdleTime>
    <PasMaxPort>40500</PasMaxPort>
    <PasMinPort>40000</PasMinPort>
    <PassiveMode>YES</PassiveMode>
    <SSL>0</SSL>
    <SSLEnable>NO</SSLEnable>
    <SSLv2>NO</SSLv2>
    <SSLv3>NO</SSLv3>
    <StartDaemon>2</StartDaemon>
    <TLS>YES</TLS>
    <Umask/>
    <UmaskAnon/>
    <UmaskLocal/>
    <VerboseLogging>NO</VerboseLogging>
    <VirtualUser>NO</VirtualUser>
  </ftp-server>

Element, Description, Comment #

AnonAuthen

Enable/disable anonymous and local users.

Authenticated Users Only: 1; Anonymous Only: 0; Both: 2

AnonCreatDirs

Anonymous users can create directories.

Values: YES/NO

AnonReadOnly

Anonymous users can upload.

Values: YES/NO

AnonMaxRate

The maximum data transfer rate permitted for anonymous clients.

KB/s

AntiWarez

Disallow downloading of files that were uploaded but not validated by a local admin.

Values: YES/NO

Banner

Specify the name of a file containing the text to display when someone connects to the server.

CertFile

DSA certificate to use for SSL-encrypted connections

This option specifies the location of the DSA certificate to use for SSL-encrypted connections.

ChrootEnable

When enabled, local users will by default be placed in a chroot jail in their home directory after login.

Warning: This option has security implications. Values: YES/NO

EnableUpload

If enabled, FTP users can upload.

To allow anonymous users to upload, enable AnonReadOnly. Values: YES/NO

FTPUser

Defines the anonymous FTP user.

FtpDirAnon

FTP directory for anonymous users.

Specify a directory which is used for anonymous FTP users.

FtpDirLocal

FTP directory for authenticated users.

Specify a directory which is used for FTP authenticated users.

LocalMaxRate

The maximum data transfer rate permitted for local authenticated users.

KB/s

MaxClientsNumber

The maximum number of clients allowed to connect.

MaxClientsPerIP

Defines the maximum number of clients for one IP.

This limits the number of clients allowed to connect from a single source Internet address.

MaxIdleTime

The maximum time (timeout) a remote client may wait between FTP commands.

Minutes

PasMaxPort

Maximum value for a port range for passive connection replies.

PassiveMode needs to be set to YES.

PasMinPort

Minimum value for a port range for passive connection replies.

PassiveMode needs to be set to YES.

PassiveMode

Enable Passive Mode

Value: YES/NO

SSL

Security Settings

Disable TLS/SSL: 0; Accept TLS and SSL: 1; Refuse Connections Without TLS/SSL: 2

SSLEnable

If enabled, SSL connections are allowed.

Value: YES/NO

SSLv2

If enabled, SSL version 2 connections are allowed.

Value: YES/NO

SSLv3

If enabled, SSL version 3 connections are allowed.

Value: YES/NO

StartDaemon

How the FTP daemon will be started.

Manually: 0; when booting: 1; via systemd socket: 2

TLS

If enabled, TLS connections are allowed.

Value: YES/NO

Umask

File creation mask, in the format (umask for files):(umask for directories).

For example 177:077 if you feel paranoid.

UmaskAnon

The value to which the umask for file creation is set for anonymous users.

To specify octal values, remember the "0" prefix, otherwise the value will be treated as a base-10 integer.

UmaskLocal

Umask for authenticated users.

To specify octal values, remember the "0" prefix, otherwise the value will be treated as a base-10 integer.

VerboseLogging

When enabled, all FTP requests and responses are logged.

Value: YES/NO

VirtualUser

By using virtual users, FTP accounts can be administrated without affecting system accounts.

Value: YES/NO

Note: Firewall

Proper Firewall setting will be required for the FTP server to run correctly.

4.26 TFTP server #

Configure your TFTP Internet server settings.

Use this to enable a server for TFTP (trivial file transfer protocol). The server will be started using the systemd socket.

Note that TFTP and FTP are not the same.

Example 4.57: TFTP server configuration: #

  <tftp-server>
    <start_tftpd config:type="boolean">true</start_tftpd>
    <tftp_directory>/tftpboot</tftp_directory>
  </tftp-server>

start_tftpd

Enabling TFTP server service. Value: true/ false.

tftp_directory

Boot Image Directory: Specify the directory where served files are located.

The usual value is /tftpboot. The directory will be created if it does not exist. The server uses this as its root directory (using the -s option).

4.27 Firstboot workflow #

The YaST firstboot utility (YaST Initial System Configuration), which runs after the installation is completed, lets you configure the freshly installed system. On the first boot after the installation, users are guided through a series of steps that allow for easier configuration of a system. YaST firstboot does not run by default and needs to be configured to run.

Example 4.58: Enabling firstboot workflow #

      <firstboot>
        <firstboot_enabled config:type="boolean">true</firstboot_enabled>
      </firstboot>

4.28 Security settings #

Using the features of this module, you can change the local security settings on the target system. The local security settings include the boot configuration, login settings, password settings, user addition settings, and file permissions.

Configuring the security settings automatically is similar to the Custom Settings in the security module available in the running system. This allows you create a customized configuration.

Example 4.59: Security configuration #

See the reference for the meaning and the possible values of the settings in the following example.

<security>
  <console_shutdown>ignore</console_shutdown>
  <displaymanager_remote_access>no</displaymanager_remote_access>
  <fail_delay>3</fail_delay>
  <faillog_enab>yes</faillog_enab>
  <gid_max>60000</gid_max>
  <gid_min>101</gid_min>
  <gdm_shutdown>root</gdm_shutdown>
  <lastlog_enab>yes</lastlog_enab>
  <encryption>md5</encryption>
  <obscure_checks_enab>no</obscure_checks_enab>
  <pass_max_days>99999</pass_max_days>
  <pass_max_len>8</pass_max_len>
  <pass_min_days>1</pass_min_days>
  <pass_min_len>6</pass_min_len>
  <pass_warn_age>14</pass_warn_age>
  <passwd_use_cracklib>yes</passwd_use_cracklib>
  <permission_security>secure</permission_security>
  <run_updatedb_as>nobody</run_updatedb_as>
  <uid_max>60000</uid_max>
  <uid_min>500</uid_min>
  <selinux_mode>permissive</selinux_mode>
</security>

4.28.1 Password settings options #

Use the <pass_* resources to change various password settings, such as minimum password length, password expiration, and more.

Use the <encryption> resource to activate one of the encryption methods currently supported. If not set, sha512 is configured.

You can use one of the following encryption methods:

md5 — allows longer passwords with 128-bit hash value
sha256 or sha512 — widely used secure hash algorithm
des — we do not recommend using this encryption method because of insufficient security

4.28.2 Boot settings #

Use the security resource, to change various boot settings.

How to interpret Ctrl–Alt–Del?: When someone at the console has pressed the Ctrl–Alt–Del key combination, the system usually reboots. Sometimes it is desirable to ignore this event, for example, when the system serves as both workstation and server.
Shutdown behavior of GDM: Configure a list of users allowed to shut down the machine from GDM.

4.28.4 New user settings (`useradd` settings) #

Set the minimum and maximum possible user and group IDs.

4.28.5 SELinux settings #

Configuring SELinux mode. Possible values are permissive,enforcing and disabled.

4.29 Linux audit framework (LAF) #

This module allows the configuration of the audit daemon and to add rules for the audit subsystem.

Example 4.60: LAF configuration #

  <audit-laf>
    <auditd>
      <flush>INCREMENTAL</flush>
      <freq>20</freq>
      <log_file>/var/log/audit/audit.log</log_file>
      <log_format>RAW</log_format>
      <max_log_file>5</max_log_file>
      <max_log_file_action>ROTATE</max_log_file_action>
      <name_format>NONE</name_format>
      <num_logs>4</num_logs>
    </auditd>
    <rules/>
  </audit-laf>

Attribute, Values, Description #

auditd/flush

Describes how to write the data to disk.

If set to INCREMENTAL the Frequency parameter tells how many records to write before issuing an explicit flush to disk. NONE means: no special effort is made to flush data, DATA: keep data portion synchronized, SYNC: keep data and metadata fully synchronized.

auditd/freq

This parameter tells how many records to write before issuing an explicit flush to disk.

The parameter flush needs to be set to INCREMENTAL.

auditd/log_file

The full path name to the log file.

auditd/log_fomat

How much information needs to be logged.

Set RAW to log all data (store in a format exactly as the kernel sends it) or NOLOG to discard all audit information instead of writing it to disk (does not affect data sent to the dispatcher).

auditd/max_log_file

How much information needs to be logged.

Unit: Megabytes

auditd/num_logs

Number of log files.

max_log_file_action needs to be set to ROTATE

auditd/max_log_file_action

What happens if the log capacity has been reached.

If the action is set to ROTATE the Number of Log Files specifies the number of files to keep. Set to SYSLOG, the audit daemon will write a warning to the system log. With SUSPEND the daemon stops writing records to disk. IGNORE means do nothing, KEEP_LOGS is similar to ROTATE, but log files are not overwritten.

auditd/name_format

Computer Name Format describes how to write the computer name to the log file.

If USER is set, the user-defined name is used. NONE means no computer name is inserted. HOSTNAME uses the name returned by the 'gethostname' syscall. FQD uses the fully qualified domain name.

rules

Rules for auditctl

You can edit the rules manually, which we only recommend for advanced users. For more information about all options, see man auditctl.

4.30 Users and groups #

4.30.1 Users #

A list of users can be defined in the <users> section. To be able to log in, make sure that either the root users are set up or rootpassword is specified as a linuxrc option.

Example 4.61: Minimal user configuration #

<users config:type="list">
  <user>
    <username>root</username>
    <user_password>password</user_password>
    <encrypted config:type="boolean">false</encrypted>
  </user>
    <user>
    <username>tux</username>
    <user_password>password</user_password>
    <encrypted config:type="boolean">false</encrypted>
  </user>
</users>

The following example shows a more complex scenario. System-wide default settings from /etc/default/useradd, such as the shell or the parent directory for the home directory, are applied.

Example 4.62: Complex user configuration #

<users config:type="list">
  <user>
    <username>root</username>
    <user_password>password</user_password>
    <uid>1001</uid>
    <gid>100</gid>
    <encrypted config:type="boolean">false</encrypted>
    <fullname>Root User</fullname>
    <authorized_keys config:type="list">
      <listentry> ssh-rsa AAAAB3NzaC1yc2EAAAADAQABAAABAQDKLt1vnW2vTJpBp3VK91rFsBvpY97NljsVLdgUrlPbZ/L51FerQQ+djQ/ivDASQjO+567nMGqfYGFA/De1EGMMEoeShza67qjNi14L1HBGgVojaNajMR/NI2d1kDyvsgRy7D7FT5UGGUNT0dlcSD3b85zwgHeYLidgcGIoKeRi7HpVDOOTyhwUv4sq3ubrPCWARgPeOLdVFa9clC8PTZdxSeKp4jpNjIHEyREPin2Un1luCIPWrOYyym7aRJEPopCEqBA9HvfwpbuwBI5F0uIWZgSQLfpwW86599fBo/PvMDa96DpxH1VlzJlAIHQsMkMHbsCazPNC0++Kp5ZVERiH root@example.net</listentry>
    </authorized_keys>
  </user>
  <user>
    <username>tux</username>
    <user_password>password</user_password>
    <uid>1002</uid>
    <gid>100</gid>
    <encrypted config:type="boolean">false</encrypted>
    <fullname>Plain User</fullname>
    <home>/Users/plain</home>
    <password_settings>
      <max>120</max>
      <inact>5</inact>
    </password_settings>
  </user>
</users>

Note: authorized_keys file will be overwritten

If the profile defines a set of SSH authorized keys for a user in the authorized_keys section, an existing $HOME/.ssh/authorized_keys file will be overwritten. If not existing, the file will be created with the content specified. Avoid overwriting an existing authorized_keys file by not specifying the respective section in the AutoYaST control file.

Note: Combine rootpassword and root user options

It is possible to specify rootpassword in linuxrc and have a user section for the root user. If this section is missing the password, then the password from linuxrc will be used. Passwords in profiles take precedence over linuxrc passwords.

Warning: Do not create a superuser account with a name other than root

While it is technically possible to create an account with the user ID (uid) 0 and a name other than root, certain applications, scripts or third-party products may rely on the existence of a user called root. While such a configuration always targets individual environments, necessary adjustments could be overwritten by vendor updates, so this becomes an ongoing task, not a one-time setting. This is especially true in very complex setups involving third-party applications, where it needs to be verified with every involved vendor whether a rename of the root account is supported.

As the implications for renaming the root account cannot be foreseen, SUSE does not support renaming the root account.

Usually, the idea behind renaming the root account is to hide it or make it unpredictable. However, /etc/passwd requires 644 permissions for regular users, so any user of the system can retrieve the login name for the user ID 0. For better ways to secure the root account, refer to Section 14.5, “Restricting root logins” and Section 14.5.3, “Restricting SSH logins”.

Note: Specifying a user ID (uid)

Each user on a Linux system has a numeric user ID. You can either specify such a user ID within the AutoYaST control file manually by using uid, or let the system automatically choose a user ID by not using uid.

User IDs should be unique throughout the system. If not, some applications such as the login manager gdm may no longer work as expected.

When adding users with the AutoYaST control file, it is strongly recommended not to mix user-defined IDs and automatically provided IDs. When doing so, unique IDs cannot be guaranteed. Either specify IDs for all users added with the AutoYaST control file or let the system choose the ID for all users.

Attribute, Values, Description #

username

Text

<username>lukesw</username>

Required. It should be a valid user name. Check man 8 useradd if you are not sure.

fullname

Text

<fullname>Tux Torvalds</fullname>

Optional. User's full name.

forename

Text

<forname>Tux</forename>

Optional. User's forename.

surname

Text

<surname>Skywalker</surname>

Optional. User's surname.

uid

Number

<uid>1001</uid>

Optional. User ID. It should be a unique and must be a non-negative number. If not specified, AutoYaST will automatically choose a user ID. Also refer to Note: Specifying a user ID (uid) for additional information.

gid

Number

<gid>100</gid>

Optional. Initial group ID. It must be a unique and non-negative number. Moreover it must refer to an existing group.

home

Path

<home>/home/luke</home>

Optional. Absolute path to the user's home directory. By default, /home/username will be used (for example, alice's home directory will be /home/alice).

home_btrfs_subvolume

Boolean

<home_btrfs_subvolume config:type="boolean">true</home_btrfs_subvolume>

Optional. Generates the home directory in a Btrfs subvolume. Disabled by default.

shell

Path

<shell>/usr/bin/zsh</shell>

Optional. /bin/bash is the default value. If you choose another one, make sure that it is installed (adding the corresponding package to the software section).

user_password

Text

<user_password>some-password</user_password>

Optional. A user's password can be written in plain text (not recommended) or in encrypted form. To create an encrypted password, use mkpasswd. Enter the password as written in /etc/shadow (second column). To enable or disable the use of encrypted passwords in the profile, see the encrypted parameter. With encrypted passwords disabled, if you enter an exclamation mark (!), a random password will be generated. With encrypted passwords enabled, the value is copied to the password field of /etc/shadow. If you enter an exclamation mark (!) in this case, you get an account with locked password that cannot login on console.

encrypted

Boolean

<encrypted config:type="boolean">true</encrypted>

Optional. Considered false if not present. Indicates if the user's password in the profile is encrypted or not. AutoYaST supports standard encryption algorithms (see man 3 crypt).

password_settings

Password settings

<password_settings>
  <expire/>
  <max>60</max>
  <warn>7</warn>
</password_settings>

Optional. Some password settings can be customized: expire (account expiration date in format YYYY-MM-DD), flag (/etc/shadow flag), inact (number of days after password expiration that account is disabled), max (maximum number of days a password is valid), min (grace period in days until which a user can change password after it has expired) and warn (number of days before expiration when the password change reminder starts).

authorized_keys

List of authorized keys

<authorized_keys config:type="list">
  <listentry>ssh-rsa ...</listentry>
</authorized_keys>

A list of authorized keys to be written to $HOME/.ssh/authorized_keys. See example below.

4.30.2 User defaults #

The profile can specify a set of default values for new users like password expiration, initial group, home directory prefix, etc. Besides using them as default values for the users that are defined in the profile, AutoYaST will write those settings to /etc/default/useradd or any other appropriate file to be read for useradd.

Attribute, Values, Description #

group

Text

<group>100</group>

Optional. Default initial login group.

home

Path

<home>/home</home>

Optional. User's home directory prefix.

expire

Date

<expire>2017-12-31</expire>

Optional. Default password expiration date in YYYY-MM-DD format.

inactive

Number

<inactive>3</inactive>

Optional. Number of days after which an expired account is disabled.

shell

Path

<shell>/usr/bin/fish</shell>

Default login shell. /bin/bash is the default value. If you choose another one, make sure that it is installed (adding the corresponding package to the software section).

umask

File creation mode mask

<umask>022</umask>

Set the file creation mode mask for the home directory. By default useradd will use 022. Check man 8 useradd and man 1 umask for further information.

4.30.3 Groups #

A list of groups can be defined in <groups> as shown in the example.

Example 4.63: Group configuration #

<groups config:type="list">
  <group>
    <gid>100</gid>
    <groupname>users</groupname>
    <userlist>bob,alice</userlist>
  </group>
</groups>

Attribute, Values, Description #

groupname

Text

<groupname>users</groupname>

Required. It should be a valid group name. Check man 8 groupadd if you are not sure.

gid

Number

<gid>100</gid>

Optional. Group ID. It must be a unique and non-negative number.

group_password

Text

<group_password>password</group_password>

Optional. The group's password can be written in plain text (not recommended) or in encrypted form. Check the encrypted to select the desired behavior.

encrypted

Boolean

<encrypted config:type="boolean">true</encrypted>

Optional. Indicates if the group's password in the profile is encrypted or not.

userlist

Users list

<userlist>bob,alice</userlist>

Optional. A list of users who belong to the group. User names must be separated by commas.

4.30.4 Login settings #

Two special login settings can be enabled through an AutoYaST profile: autologin and password-less login. Both of them are disabled by default.

Example 4.64: Enabling autologin and password-less login #

<login_settings>
  <autologin_user>vagrant</autologin_user>
  <password_less_login config:type="boolean">true</password_less_login>
</login_settings>

Attribute, Values, Description #

password_less_login

Boolean

<password_less_login config:type="boolean">true</password_less_login>

Optional. Enables password-less login. It only affects graphical login.

autologin_user

Text

<autologin_user>alice</autologin_user>

Optional. Enables autologin for the given user.

4.31 Custom user scripts #

By adding scripts to the auto-installation process you can customize the installation according to your needs and take control in different stages of the installation.

In the auto-installation process, five types of scripts can be executed at different points in time during the installation:

All scripts need to be in the <scripts> section.

pre-scripts (very early, before anything else really happens)
postpartitioning-scripts (after partitioning and mounting to /mnt but before RPM installation)
chroot-scripts (after the package installation, before the first boot)
post-scripts (during the first boot of the installed system, no services running)
init-scripts (during the first boot of the installed system, all services up and running)

4.31.1 Pre-scripts #

Executed before YaST does any real change to the system (before partitioning and package installation but after the hardware detection).

You can use a pre-script to modify your control file and let AutoYaST reread it. Find your control file in /tmp/profile/autoinst.xml. Adjust the file and store the modified version in /tmp/profile/modified.xml. AutoYaST will read the modified file after the pre-script finishes.

It is also possible to modify the storage devices in your pre-scripts. For example, you can create new partitions or change the configuration of certain technologies like multipath. AutoYaST always inspects the storage devices again after executing all the pre-scripts.

Note: Pre-scripts with confirmation

Pre-scripts are executed at an early stage of the installation. This means if you have requested to confirm the installation, these scripts will be executed before the confirmation screen shows up (profile/install/general/mode/confirm).

Note: Pre-scripts and Zypper

To call Zypper in the pre-script you will need to set the environment variable ZYPP_LOCKFILE_ROOT="/var/run/autoyast" to prevent conflicts with the running YaST process.

The pre-script elements must be placed as follows:

<scripts>
  <pre-scripts config:type="list">
    <script>
      ...
    </script>
  </pre-scripts>
</scripts>

4.31.2 Postpartitioning scripts #

Executed after YaST has done the partitioning and written /etc/fstab. The empty system is already mounted to /mnt.

The postpartitioning-script elements must be placed as follows:

<scripts>
  <postpartitioning-scripts config:type="list">
    <script>
      ...
    </script>
  </postpartitioning-scripts>
</scripts>

4.31.3 Chroot environment scripts #

Chroot scripts are executed before the machine reboots for the first time. You can execute chroot scripts before the installation chroots into the installed system and configures the boot loader or you can execute a script after the chroot into the installed system has happened (look at the chrooted parameter for that).

The chroot-scripts elements must be placed as follows:

<scripts>
  <chroot-scripts config:type="list">
    <script>
      ...
    </script>
  </chroot-scripts>
</scripts>

4.31.4 Post-scripts #

These scripts are executed after AutoYaST has completed the system configuration and after it has booted the system for the first time.

The post-script elements must be placed as follows:

<scripts>
    <post-scripts config:type="list">
      <script>
        ...
      </script>
    </post-scripts>
  </scripts>

4.31.5 Init scripts #

These scripts are executed when YaST has finished, during the initial boot process after the network has been initialized. These final scripts are executed using /usr/lib/YaST2/bin/autoyast-initscripts.sh and are executed only once. Init scripts are configured using the tag init-scripts.

The init-script elements must be placed as follows:

<scripts>
    <init-scripts config:type="list">
      <script>
        ...
      </script>
    </init-scripts>
</scripts>

Init scripts are different from the other script types because they are not executed by YaST, but after YaST has finished. For this reason, their XML representation is different from other script types.

Init script XML representation #

location

Define a location from where the script gets fetched. Locations can be the same as for the profile (HTTP, FTP, NFS, etc.).

<location>http://10.10.0.1/myInitScript.sh</location>

Either <location> or <source> must be defined.

source

The script itself (source code), encapsulated in a CDATA tag. If you do not want to put the whole shell script into the XML profile, use the location parameter.

<source>
<![CDATA[echo "Testing the init script" >/tmp/init_out.txt]]></source>

Either <location> or <source> must be defined.

filename

The file name of the script. It will be stored in a temporary directory under /tmp

<filename>mynitScript5.sh</filename>

Optional in case you only have a single init script. The default name (init-scripts) is used in this case. If having specified more than one init script, you must set a unique name for each script.

rerun

Normally, a script is only run once, even if you use ayast_setup to run an XML file multiple times. Change this default behavior by setting this boolean to true.

<rerun config:type="boolean">true</rerun>

Optional. Default is false (scripts only run once).

When added to the control file manually, scripts need to be included in a CDATA element to avoid confusion with the file syntax and other tags defined in the control file.

4.31.6 Script XML representation #

Most of the XML elements described below can be used for all the script types described above, except for init scripts, whose definitions can contain only a subset of these elements. See Section 4.31.5, “Init scripts” for further information about them.

Important: Deprecated elements

debug is a deprecated element and can be removed in future releases. To adapt, use an interpreter-specific debugging parameter in interpreter. For example, instead of <interpreter>shell</interpreter> use <interpreter>/bin/sh -x</interpreter> for the same result as having enabled the debug flag.

Script XML representation #

location

Define a location from where the script gets fetched. Locations can be the same as for the control file (HTTP, FTP, NFS, etc.). Additionally a relative URL can be used that defines a path relative to the directory with the control file, using the syntax relurl://script.sh.

<location>http://10.10.0.1/myPreScript.sh</location>

Either location or source must be defined.

source

The script itself (source code), encapsulated in a CDATA tag. If you do not want to put the whole shell script into the XML control file, refer to the location parameter.

<source>
<![CDATA[
echo "Testing the pre script" > /tmp/pre-script_out.txt
]]>
</source>

Either location or source must be defined.

interpreter

Specify the interpreter that must be used for the script. Any interpreter available in the given environment can be specified. It is possible to provide a full path to the interpreter, including parameters. There are also deprecated keywords interpreter "shell", "perl" and "python" that are supported by the debug flag.

<interpreter>/bin/bash -x</interpreter>

Optional; default is shell.

file name

The file name of the script. It will be stored in a temporary directory under /tmp.

<filename>myPreScript5.sh</filename>

Optional; default is the type of the script (pre-scripts in this case). If you have more than one script, you should define different names for each script. If filename is not defined and location is defined, the file name from the location path will be used.

feedback

If this boolean is true, output and error messages of the script (STDOUT and STDERR) will be shown in a pop-up. The user needs to confirm them via the OK button.

<feedback config:type="boolean">true</feedback>

Optional; default is false.

feedback_type

This can be message, warning or error. Set the timeout for these pop-ups in the <report> section.

<feedback_type>warning</feedback_type>

Optional; if missing, an always-blocking pop-up is used.

debug

If this is true, every single line of a shell script is logged. Perl scripts are run with warnings turned on. This only works for the deprecated keyword interpreter. For other languages, give the path to the interpreter as a parameter in the interpreter value, for example "<interpreter>ruby -w</interpreter>".

<debug config:type="boolean">true</debug>

Optional; default is true.

notification

This text will be shown in a pop-up for the time the script is running in the background.

<notification>Please wait while script is running...</notification>

Optional; if not configured, no notification pop-up will be shown.

param-list

It is possible to specify parameters given to the script being called. You may have more than one param entry. They are concatenated by a single space character on the script command line. If any shell quoting should be necessary (for example to protect embedded spaces) you need to include this.

<param-list config:type="list">
  <param>par1</param>
  <param>par2 par3</param>
  <param>"par4.1 par4.2"</param>
</param-list>

Optional; if not configured, no parameters get passed to script.

rerun

A script is only run once. Even if you use ayast_setup to run an XML file multiple times, the script is only run once. Change this default behavior by setting this boolean to true.

<rerun config:type="boolean">true</rerun>

Optional; default is false, meaning that scripts only run once.

chrooted

During installation, the new system is mounted at /mnt. If this parameter is set to false, AutoYaST does not run chroot and does not install the boot loader at this stage. If the parameter is set to true, AutoYaST performs a chroot into /mnt and installs the boot loader. The result is that to change anything in the newly-installed system, you no longer need to use the /mnt prefix.

<chrooted config:type="boolean">true</chrooted>

Optional; default is false. This option is only available for chroot environment scripts.

4.31.7 Script example #

Example 4.65: Script configuration #

<?xml version="1.0"?>
<!DOCTYPE profile>
<profile xmlns="http://www.suse.com/1.0/yast2ns" xmlns:config="http://www.suse.com/1.0/configns">
<scripts>
  <chroot-scripts config:type="list">
    <script>
      <chrooted config:type="boolean">true</chrooted>
      <filename>chroot-post.sh</filename>
      <interpreter>shell</interpreter>
      <source><![CDATA[
echo "Testing chroot (chrooted) scripts"
ls
]]>
      </source>
    </script>
    <script>
      <filename>chroot-pre.sh</filename>
        <interpreter>/bin/bash -x</interpreter>
        <source><![CDATA[
echo "Testing chroot scripts"
df
cd /mnt
ls
]]>
        </source>
      </script>
    </chroot-scripts>
    <post-scripts config:type="list">
      <script>
        <filename>post.sh</filename>
        <interpreter>shell</interpreter>
        <source><![CDATA[
echo "Running Post-install script"
systemctl start portmap
mount -a 192.168.1.1:/local /mnt
cp /mnt/test.sh /tmp
umount /mnt
]]>
        </source>
      </script>
      <script>
        <filename>post.pl</filename>
        <interpreter>perl</interpreter>
        <source><![CDATA[
print "Running Post-install script";
]]>
        </source>
      </script>
    </post-scripts>
    <pre-scripts config:type="list">
      <script>
        <interpreter>shell</interpreter>
        <location>http://192.168.1.1/profiles/scripts/prescripts.sh</location>
      </script>
      <script>
        <filename>pre.sh</filename>
        <interpreter>shell</interpreter>
        <source><![CDATA[
echo "Running pre-script"
]]>
        </source>
      </script>
    </pre-scripts>
    <postpartitioning-scripts config:type="list">
      <script>
        <filename>postpart.sh</filename>
        <interpreter>shell</interpreter>
        <debug config:type="boolean">false</debug>
        <feedback config:type="boolean">true</feedback>
        <source><![CDATA[
touch /mnt/testfile
echo Hi
]]>
        </source>
      </script>
    </postpartitioning-scripts>
  </scripts>
</profile>

After installation is finished, the scripts and the output logs can be found in the directory /var/adm/autoinstall. The scripts are located in the subdirectory scripts and the output logs in the log directory.

The log consists of the output produced when executing the scripts, containing a combination of both the standard output and the standard error output.

If the script ends with a non-zero exit code, then a warning will be shown with the content of the logs, unless the feedback option was provided.

4.32 System variables (sysconfig) #

Using the sysconfig resource, it is possible to define configuration variables in the sysconfig repository (/etc/sysconfig) directly. Sysconfig variables, offer the possibility to fine-tune many system components and environment variables exactly to your needs.

The following example shows how a variable can be set using the sysconfig resource.

Example 4.66: Sysconfig configuration #

<sysconfig config:type="list" >
  <sysconfig_entry>
    <sysconfig_key>XNTPD_INITIAL_NTPDATE</sysconfig_key>
    <sysconfig_path>/etc/sysconfig/xntp</sysconfig_path>
    <sysconfig_value>ntp.host.com</sysconfig_value>
  </sysconfig_entry>
  <sysconfig_entry>
    <sysconfig_key>HTTP_PROXY</sysconfig_key>
    <sysconfig_path>/etc/sysconfig/proxy</sysconfig_path>
    <sysconfig_value>proxy.host.com:3128</sysconfig_value>
  </sysconfig_entry>
  <sysconfig_entry>
    <sysconfig_key>FTP_PROXY</sysconfig_key>
    <sysconfig_path>/etc/sysconfig/proxy</sysconfig_path>
    <sysconfig_value>proxy.host.com:3128</sysconfig_value>
  </sysconfig_entry>
</sysconfig>

Both relative and absolute paths can be provided. If no absolute path is given, it is treated as a sysconfig file under the /etc/sysconfig directory.

4.33 Adding complete configurations #

For many applications and services you may have a configuration file which should be copied to the appropriate location on the installed system. For example, if you are installing a Web server, you may have a server configuration file (httpd.conf).

Using this resource, you can embed the file into the control file by specifying the final path on the installed system. YaST will copy this file to the specified location.

This feature requires the autoyast2 package to be installed. If the package is missing, AutoYaST will automatically install the package if it is missing.

You can specify the file_location where the file should be retrieved from. This can also be a location on the network such as an HTTP server: <file_location>http://my.server.site/issue</file_location>.

It is also possible to specify a local file using the relurl:// prefix, for example: <file_location>relurl://path/to/file.conf</file_location>.

You can create directories by specifying a file_path that ends with a slash.

Example 4.67: Dumping files into the installed system #

<files config:type="list">
  <file>
    <file_path>/etc/apache2/httpd.conf</file_path>
    <file_contents>

<![CDATA[
some content
]]>

    </file_contents>
  </file>
  <file>
    <file_path>/mydir/a/b/c/</file_path> <!-- create directory -->
  </file>
</files>

A more advanced example is shown below. This configuration will create a file using the content supplied in file_contents and change the permissions and ownership of the file. After the file has been copied to the system, a script is executed. This can be used to modify the file and prepare it for the client's environment.

Example 4.68: Dumping files into the installed system #

<files config:type="list">
  <file>
    <file_path>/etc/someconf.conf</file_path>
    <file_contents>

<![CDATA[
some content
]]>

    </file_contents>
    <file_owner>tux.users</file_owner>
    <file_permissions>444</file_permissions>
    <file_script>
      <interpreter>shell</interpreter>
      <source>

<![CDATA[
#!/bin/sh

echo "Testing file scripts" >> /etc/someconf.conf
df
cd /mnt
ls
]]>

      </source>
    </file_script>
  </file>
</files>

4.34 Ask the user for values during installation #

You have the option to let the user decide the values of specific parts of the control file during the installation. If you use this feature, a pop-up will ask the user to enter a specific part of the control file during installation. If you want a full auto installation, but the user should set the password of the local account, you can do this via the ask directive in the control file.

The elements listed below must be placed within the following XML structure:

<general>
  <ask-list config:type="list">
    <ask>
      ...
    </ask>
  </ask-list>
</general>

Ask the user for values: XML representation #

question

The question you want to ask the user.

<question>Enter the LDAP server</question>

The default value is the path to the element (the path often looks strange, so we recommend entering a question).

default

Set a preselection for the user. A text entry will be filled out with this value. A check box will be true or false and a selection will have the given value preselected.

<default>dc=suse,dc=de</default>

Optional.

help

An optional help text that is shown on the left side of the question.

<help>Enter the LDAP server address.</help>

Optional.

title

An optional title that is shown above the questions.

<title>LDAP server</title>

Optional.

type

The type of the element you want to change. Possible values are symbol, boolean, string and integer. The file system in the partition section is a symbol, while the encrypted element in the user configuration is a boolean. You can see the type of that element if you look in your control file at the config:type="...." attribute. You can also use static_text as type. A static_text is a text that does not require any user input and can show information not included in the help text.

<type>symbol</type>

Optional. The default is string. If type is symbol, you must provide the selection element too (see below).

password

If this boolean is set to true, a password dialog pops up instead of a simple text entry. Setting this to true only makes sense if type is string.

<password config:type="boolean">true</password>

Optional. The default is false.

pathlist

A list of path elements. A path is a comma-separated list of elements that describes the path to the element you want to change. For example, the network configuration element can be found in the control file in the <networking> section. So, to change that value, you need to set the path to networking.

<pathlist config:type="list">
  <path>networking,dns,hostname</path>
  <path>...</path>
</pathlist>

To change the password of the first user in the control file, you need to set the path to users,0,user_password. 0 indicates the first item in the configuration section. For example, in the <users config:type="list"> list of users mentioned below, it relates to root. 1 would be the second item, and so on.

<users config:type="list">
  <user>
    <username>root</username>
    <user_password>password to change</user_password>
    <encrypted config:type="boolean">false</encrypted>
  </user>
  <user>
    <username>tux</username>
    <user_password>password to change</user_password>
    <encrypted config:type="boolean">false</encrypted>
  </user>
</users>

To set a password for root if the <user> section is similar to the one above, use the <pathlist> as follows:

<pathlist config:type="list">
          <path>users,0,user_password</path>
        </pathlist>

This information is optional but you should at least provide path or file.

file

You can store the answer to a question in a file, to use it in one of your scripts later. If you ask during stage=initial and you want to use the answer in stage 2, then you need to copy the answer-file in a chroot script that is running as chrooted=false. Use the command: cp /tmp/my_answer /mnt/tmp/. The reason is that /tmp in stage 1 is in the RAM disk and will be lost after the reboot, but the installed system is already mounted at /mnt/.

<file>/tmp/answer_hostname</file>

This information is optional, but you should at least provide path or file.

stage

Stage configures the installation stage in which the question pops up. You can set this value to cont or initial. initial means the pop-up comes up very early in the installation, shortly after the pre-script has run. cont means, that the dialog with the question comes after the first reboot when the system boots for the very first time. Questions you answer during the initial stage will write their answer into the control file on the hard disk. You should know that if you enter clear text passwords during initial. Of course it does not make sense to ask for the file system to use during the cont phase. The hard disk is already partitioned at that stage and the question will have no effect.

<stage>cont</stage>

Optional. The default is initial.

selection

The selection element contains a list of entry elements. Each entry represents a possible option for the user to choose. The user cannot enter a value in a text box, but they can choose from a list of values.

<selection config:type="list">
  <entry>
    <value>
        btrfs
    </value>
    <label>
        Btrfs File System
    </label>
  </entry>
  <entry>
    <value>
        ext3
    </value>
    <label>
        Extended3 File System
    </label>
  </entry>
</selection>

Optional for type=string, not possible for type=boolean and mandatory for type=symbol.

dialog

You can ask more than one question per dialog. To do so, specify the dialog-id with an integer. All questions with the same dialog-id belong to the same dialog. The dialogs are sorted by the id too.

<dialog config:type="integer">3</dialog>

Optional.

element

You can have more than one question per dialog. To make that possible you need to specify the element-id with an integer. The questions in a dialog are sorted by ID.

<element config:type="integer">1</element>

Optional (see dialog).

width

You can increase the default width of the dialog. If there are multiple width specifications per dialog, the largest one is used. The number is roughly equivalent to the number of characters.

<width config:type="integer">50</width>

Optional.

height

You can increase the default height of the dialog. If there are multiple height specifications per dialog, the largest one is used. The number is roughly equivalent to the number of lines.

<height config:type="integer">15</height>

Optional.

frametitle

You can have more than one question per dialog. Each question on a dialog has a frame that can have a frame title, a small caption for each question. You can put multiple elements into one frame. They need to have the same frame title.

<frametitle>User data</frametitle>

Optional; default is no frame title.

script

You can run scripts after a question has been answered. See the table below for detailed instructions about scripts.

<script>...</script>

Optional; default is no script.

ok_label

You can change the label on the Ok button. The last element that specifies the label for a dialog wins.

<ok_label>Finish</ok_label>

Optional.

back_label

You can change the label on the Back button. The last element that specifies the label for a dialog wins.

<back_label>change values</back_label>

Optional.

timeout

You can specify an integer here that is used as timeout in seconds. If the user does not answer the question before the timeout, the default value is taken as answer. When the user touches or changes any widget in the dialog, the timeout is turned off and the dialog needs to be confirmed via Ok.

<timeout config:type="integer">30</timeout>

Optional; a missing value is interpreted as 0, which means that there is no timeout.

default_value_script

You can run scripts to set the default value for a question (see Section 4.34.1, “Default value scripts” for detailed instructions about default value scripts). This feature is useful if you can calculate a default value, especially in combination with the timeout option.

<default_value_script>...</default_value_script>

Optional; default is no script.

4.34.1 Default value scripts #

You can run scripts to set the default value for a question. This feature is useful if you can calculate a default value, especially in combination with the timeout option.

The scripts are defined by placing the elements described in Section 4.31.6, “Script XML representation” within the following XML structure:

<general>
  <ask-list config:type="list">
    <ask>
      <default_value_script>
        ...
      </default_value_script>
    </ask>
  </ask-list>
</general>

Whatever you echo to STDOUT will be used as default value for the ask-dialog. If your script has an exit code other than 0, the normal default element is used. Take care you use echo -n to suppress the \n and that you echo reasonable values and not “okay” for a boolean (use “true” instead).

4.34.2 Scripts #

You can run scripts after a question has been answered.

The elements listed below must be placed within the following XML structure:

<general>
  <ask-list config:type="list">
    <ask>
      <script>
        ...
      </script>
    </ask>
  </ask-list>
</general>

In addition to the elements listed in Section 4.31.6, “Script XML representation”, scripts in <ask> elements support these options:

Scripts: XML representation #

filename

The file name of the script.

<filename>my_ask_script.sh</filename>

The default is ask_script.sh

environment

A boolean that passes the value of the answer to the question as an environment variable to the script. The variable is named VAL.

<environment config:type="boolean">true</environment>

Optional. Default is false.

feedback

A boolean that turns on feedback for the script execution. STDOUT will be displayed in a pop-up window that must be confirmed after the script execution.

<feedback config:type="boolean">true</feedback>

Optional, default is false.

rerun_on_error

Keep the dialog open until the script has an exit code of 0 (zero). You can use this feature to validate the user's input. The script should print some meaningful error message and return a code different from zero. Bear in mind that you should also set the feedback option to true so the user can read the error message from the script. Optional, default is false.

Your script can create a file /tmp/next_dialog containing the ID of the following dialog to display. A value of -1 terminates the sequence.

Below you can see an example of the usage of the ask feature.

<general>
  <ask-list config:type="list">
    <ask>
      <pathlist config:type="list">
        <path>ldap,ldap_server</path>
      </pathlist>
      <stage>cont</stage>
      <help>Choose your server depending on your department</help>
      <selection config:type="list">
        <entry>
          <value>ldap1.mydom.de</value>
          <label>LDAP for development</label>
        </entry>
        <entry>
          <value>ldap2.mydom.de</value>
          <label>LDAP for sales</label>
        </entry>
      </selection>
      <default>ldap2.mydom.de</default>
      <default_value_script>
        <source> <![CDATA[
echo -n "ldap1.mydom.de"
]]>
        </source>
      </default_value_script>
    </ask>
    <ask>
      <pathlist config:type="list">
        <path>networking,dns,hostname</path>
      </pathlist>
      <question>Enter Hostname</question>
      <stage>initial</stage>
      <default>enter your hostname here</default>
    </ask>
    <ask>
      <pathlist config:type="list">
        <path>partitioning,0,partitions,0,filesystem</path>
      </pathlist>
      <question>File System</question>
      <type>symbol</type>
      <selection config:type="list">
        <entry>
          <value config:type="symbol">ext4</value>
          <label>default File System (recommended)</label>
        </entry>
        <entry>
          <value config:type="symbol">ext3</value>
          <label>Fallback File System</label>
        </entry>
      </selection>
    </ask>
  </ask-list>
</general>

The following example shows a to choose between AutoYaST control files. AutoYaST will read the modified.xml file again after the ask-dialogs are done. This way you can fetch a complete new control file.

<general>
  <ask-list config:type="list">
    <ask>
      <selection config:type="list">
        <entry>
          <value>part1.xml</value>
          <label>Simple partitioning</label>
        </entry>
        <entry>
          <value>part2.xml</value>
          <label>encrypted /tmp</label>
        </entry>
        <entry>
          <value>part3.xml</value>
          <label>LVM</label>
        </entry>
      </selection>
      <title>XML Profile</title>
      <question>Choose a profile</question>
      <stage>initial</stage>
      <default>part1.xml</default>
      <script>
        <filename>fetch.sh</filename>
        <environment config:type="boolean">true</environment>
        <source>
<![CDATA[
wget http://10.10.0.162/$VAL -O /tmp/profile/modified.xml 2>/dev/null
]]>
        </source>
        <debug config:type="boolean">false</debug>
        <feedback config:type="boolean">false</feedback>
      </script>
    </ask>tion>
  </ask-list>
</general>

You can verify the answer of a question with a script like this:

<general>
  <ask-list config:type="list">
    <ask>
      <script>
        <filename>my.sh</filename>
        <rerun_on_error config:type="boolean">true</rerun_on_error>
        <environment config:type="boolean">true</environment>
        <source><![CDATA[
if [ "$VAL" = "myhost" ]; then
    echo "Illegal Hostname!";
    exit 1;
fi
exit 0
]]>
        </source>
        <debug config:type="boolean">false</debug>
        <feedback config:type="boolean">true</feedback>
      </script>
      <dialog config:type="integer">0</dialog>
      <element config:type="integer">0</element>
      <pathlist config:type="list">
        <path>networking,dns,hostname</path>
      </pathlist>
      <question>Enter Hostname</question>
      <default>enter your hostname here</default>
    </ask>
  </ask-list>
</general>

4.35 Kernel dumps #

Note: Availability

This feature is not available on AArch64, or on systems with less than 1 GB of RAM.

With Kdump the system can create crashdump files if the whole kernel crashes. Crash dump files contain the memory contents while the system crashed. Such core files can be analyzed later by support or a (kernel) developer to find the reason for the system crash. Kdump is mostly useful for servers where you cannot easily reproduce such crashes but it is important to get the problem fixed.

There is a downside to this. Enabling Kdump requires between 64 MB and 128 MB of additional system RAM reserved for Kdump in case the system crashes and the dump needs to be generated.

This section only describes how to set up Kdump with AutoYaST. It does not describe how Kdump works. For details, refer to the kdump(7) manual page.

The following example shows a general Kdump configuration.

Example 4.69: Kdump configuration #

<kdump>
  <!-- memory reservation -->
  <add_crash_kernel config:type="boolean">true</add_crash_kernel>
  <crash_kernel>256M-:64M</crash_kernel>
  <general>

    <!-- dump target settings -->
    <KDUMP_SAVEDIR>ftp://stravinsky.suse.de/incoming/dumps</KDUMP_SAVEDIR>
    <KDUMP_COPY_KERNEL>true</KDUMP_COPY_KERNEL>
    <KDUMP_FREE_DISK_SIZE>64</KDUMP_FREE_DISK_SIZE>
    <KDUMP_KEEP_OLD_DUMPS>5</KDUMP_KEEP_OLD_DUMPS>

    <!-- filtering and compression -->
    <KDUMP_DUMPFORMAT>compressed</KDUMP_DUMPFORMAT>
    <KDUMP_DUMPLEVEL>1</KDUMP_DUMPLEVEL>

    <!-- notification -->
    <KDUMP_NOTIFICATION_TO>tux@example.com</KDUMP_NOTIFICATION_TO>
    <KDUMP_NOTIFICATION_CC>spam@example.com devnull@example.com</KDUMP_NOTIFICATION_CC>
    <KDUMP_SMTP_SERVER>mail.example.com</KDUMP_SMTP_SERVER>
    <KDUMP_SMTP_USER></KDUMP_SMTP_USER>
    <KDUMP_SMTP_PASSWORD></KDUMP_SMTP_PASSWORD>

    <!-- kdump kernel -->
    <KDUMP_KERNELVER></KDUMP_KERNELVER>
    <KDUMP_COMMANDLINE></KDUMP_COMMANDLINE>
    <KDUMP_COMMANDLINE_APPEND></KDUMP_COMMANDLINE_APPEND>

    <!-- expert settings -->
    <KDUMP_IMMEDIATE_REBOOT>yes</KDUMP_IMMEDIATE_REBOOT>
    <KDUMP_VERBOSE>15</KDUMP_VERBOSE>
    <KEXEC_OPTIONS></KEXEC_OPTIONS>
  </general>
</kdump>

Kdump is enabled by default. The following configuration shows how to disable it.

Example 4.70: Disabled Kdump configuration #

<kdump>
  <add_crash_kernel config:type="boolean">false</add_crash_kernel>
</kdump>

4.35.1 Memory reservation #

The first step is to reserve memory for Kdump at boot-up. Because the memory must be reserved very early during the boot process, the configuration is done via a kernel command line parameter called crashkernel. The reserved memory will be used to load a second kernel which will be executed without rebooting if the first kernel crashes. This second kernel has a special initrd, which contains all programs necessary to save the dump over the network or to disk, send a notification e-mail, and finally reboot.

To reserve memory for Kdump, specify the amount (such as 64M to reserve 64 MB of memory from the RAM) and the offset. The syntax is crashkernel=AMOUNT@OFFSET. The kernel can auto-detect the right offset (except for the Xen hypervisor, where you need to specify 16M as offset). The amount of memory that needs to be reserved depends on architecture and main memory. Refer to Section 20.7.1, “Manual Kdump configuration” for recommendations on the amount of memory to reserve for Kdump.

You can also use the extended command line syntax to specify the amount of reserved memory depending on the System RAM. That is useful if you share one AutoYaST control file for multiple installations or if you often remove or install memory on one machine. The syntax is:

BEGIN_RANGE_1-END_RANGE_1:AMOUNT_1,BEGIN_RANGE_2-END_RANGE_2:AMOUNT_2@OFFSET

BEGIN_RANGE_1 is the start of the first memory range (for example: 0M) and END_RANGE_1 is the end of the first memory range (can be empty in case infinity should be assumed) and so on. For example, 256M-2G:64M,2G-:128M reserves 64 MB of crashkernel memory if the system has between 256 MB and 2 GB RAM and reserves 128 MB of crashkernel memory if the system has more than 2 GB RAM.

On the other hand, it is possible to specify multiple values for the crashkernel parameter. For example, when you need to reserve different segments of low and high memory, use values like 72M,low and 256M,high:

Example 4.71: Kdump memory reservation with multiple values #

<kdump>
  <!-- memory reservation (high and low) -->
  <add_crash_kernel config:type="boolean">true</add_crash_kernel>
  <crash_kernel config:type="list">
    <listentry>72M,low</listentry>
    <listentry>256M,high</listentry>
  </crash_kernel>
</kdump>

The following list shows the settings necessary to reserve memory:

Kdump memory reservation settings:XML representation #

add_crash_kernel

Set to true if memory should be reserved and Kdump enabled.

<add_crash_kernel config:type="boolean">true</add_crash_kernel>

required

crash_kernel

Use the syntax of the crashkernel command line as discussed above.

<crash_kernel>256M:64M</crash_kernel>

A list of values is also supported.

<crash_kernel config:type="list">
  <listentry>72M,low</listentry>
  <listentry>256M,high</listentry>
</crash_kernel>

required

4.35.2 Dump saving #

This section describes where and how crash dumps will be stored.

4.35.2.1 Target #

The element KDUMP_SAVEDIR specifies the URL to where the dump is saved. The following methods are possible:

file to save to the local disk,
ftp to save to an FTP server (without encryption),
sftp to save to an SSH2 SFTP server,
nfs to save to an NFS location and
cifs to save the dump to a CIFS/SMP export from Samba or Microsoft Windows.

For details see the kdump(5) manual page. Two examples are: file:///var/crash (which is the default location according to FHS) and ftp://user:password@host:port/incoming/dumps. A subdirectory, with the time stamp contained in the name, will be created and the dumps saved there.

When the dump is saved to the local disk, KDUMP_KEEP_OLD_DUMPS can be used to delete old dumps automatically. Set it to the number of old dumps that should be kept. If the target partition would end up with less free disk space than specified in KDUMP_FREE_DISK_SIZE, the dump is not saved.

To save the whole kernel and the debug information (if installed) to the same directory, set KDUMP_COPY_KERNEL to true. You will have everything you need to analyze the dump in one directory (except kernel modules and their debugging information).

4.35.2.2 Filtering and compression #

The kernel dump is uncompressed and unfiltered. It can get as large as your system RAM. To get smaller files, compress the dump file afterward. The dump needs to be decompressed before opening.

To use page compression, which compresses every page and allows dynamic decompression with the crash(8) debugging tool, set KDUMP_DUMPFORMAT to compressed (default).

You may not want to save all memory pages, for example those filled with zeroes. To filter the dump, set the KDUMP_DUMPLEVEL. 0 produces a full dump and 31 is the smallest dump. The manual pages kdump(5) and makedumpfile(8) list for each value which pages will be saved.

4.35.2.3 Summary #

Dump target settings: XML representation #

KDUMP_SAVEDIR

A URL that specifies the target to which the dump and related files will be saved.

<KDUMP_SAVEDIR>file:///var/crash/</KDUMP_SAVEDIR>

required

KDUMP_COPY_KERNEL

Set to true, if not only the dump should be saved to KDUMP_SAVEDIR but also the kernel and its debugging information (if installed).

<KDUMP_COPY_KERNEL>false</KDUMP_COPY_KERNEL>

optional

KDUMP_FREE_DISK_SIZE

Disk space in megabytes that must remain free after saving the dump. If not enough space is available, the dump will not be saved.

<KDUMP_FREE_DISK_SIZE>64</KDUMP_FREE_DISK_SIZE>

optional

KDUMP_KEEP_OLD_DUMPS

The number of dumps that are kept (not deleted) if KDUMP_SAVEDIR points to a local directory. Specify 0 if you do not want any dumps to be automatically deleted, specify -1 if all dumps except the current one should be deleted.

<KDUMP_KEEP_OLD_DUMPS>4</KDUMP_KEEP_OLD_DUMPS>

optional

4.35.3 E-mail notification #

Configure e-mail notification to be informed when a machine crashes and a dump is saved.

Because Kdump runs in the initrd, a local mail server cannot send the notification e-mail. An SMTP server needs to be specified (see below).

You need to provide exactly one address in KDUMP_NOTIFICATION_TO. More addresses can be specified in KDUMP_NOTIFICATION_CC. Only use e-mail addresses in both cases, not a real name.

Specify KDUMP_SMTP_SERVER and (if the server needs authentication) KDUMP_SMTP_USER and KDUMP_SMTP_PASSWORD. Support for TLS/SSL is not available but may be added in the future.

E-mail notification settings: XML representation #

KDUMP_NOTIFICATION_TO

Exactly one e-mail address to which the e-mail should be sent. Additional recipients can be specified in KDUMP_NOTIFICATION_CC.

<KDUMP_NOTIFICATION_TO
>tux@example.com</KDUMP_NOTIFICATION_TO>

optional (notification disabled if empty)

KDUMP_NOTIFICATION_CC

Zero, one or more recipients that are in the cc line of the notification e-mail.

<KDUMP_NOTIFICATION_CC
>wilber@example.com suzanne@example.com</KDUMP_NOTIFICATION_CC>

optional

KDUMP_SMTP_SERVER

Host name of the SMTP server used for mail delivery. SMTP authentication is supported (see KDUMP_SMTP_USER and KDUMP_SMTP_PASSWORD) but TLS/SSL are not.

<KDUMP_SMTP_SERVER>email.suse.de</KDUMP_SMTP_SERVER>

optional (notification disabled if empty)

KDUMP_SMTP_USER

User name used together with KDUMP_SMTP_PASSWORD for SMTP authentication.

<KDUMP_SMTP_USER>bwalle</KDUMP_SMTP_USER>

optional

KDUMP_SMTP_PASSWORD

Password used together with KDUMP_SMTP_USER for SMTP authentication.

<KDUMP_SMTP_PASSWORD>geheim</KDUMP_SMTP_PASSWORD>

optional

4.35.4 Kdump kernel settings #

As already mentioned, a special kernel is booted to save the dump. If you do not want to use the auto-detection mechanism to find out which kernel is used (see the kdump(5) manual page that describes the algorithm which is used to find the kernel), you can specify the version of a custom kernel in KDUMP_KERNELVER. If you set it to foo, then the kernel located in /boot/vmlinuz-foo or /boot/vmlinux-foo (in that order on platforms that have a vmlinuz file) will be used.

You can specify the command line used to boot the Kdump kernel. Normally the boot command line is used, minus settings that are not relevant for Kdump (like the crashkernel parameter) plus some settings needed by Kdump (see the manual page kdump(5)). To specify additional parameters, use KDUMP_COMMANDLINE_APPEND. If you know what you are doing and you want to specify the entire command line, set KDUMP_COMMANDLINE.

Kernel settings: XML representation #

KDUMP_KERNELVER

Version string for the kernel used for Kdump. Leave it empty to use the auto-detection mechanism (strongly recommended).

<KDUMP_KERNELVER
>2.6.27-default</KDUMP_KERNELVER>

optional (auto-detection if empty)

KDUMP_COMMANDLINE_APPEND

Additional command line parameters for the Kdump kernel.

<KDUMP_COMMANDLINE_APPEND
>console=ttyS0,57600</KDUMP_COMMANDLINE_APPEND>

optional

KDUMP_Command Line

Overwrite the automatically generated Kdump command line. Use with care. Usually, KDUMP_COMMANDLINE_APPEND should suffice.

<KDUMP_COMMANDLINE_APPEND
>root=/dev/sda5 maxcpus=1 irqpoll</KDUMP_COMMANDLINE>

optional

4.35.5 Expert settings #

Expert settings: XML representations #

KDUMP_IMMEDIATE_REBOOT

true if the system should be rebooted automatically after the dump has been saved, false otherwise. The default is to reboot the system automatically.

<KDUMP_IMMEDIATE_REBOOT
>true</KDUMP_IMMEDIATE_REBOOT>

optional

KDUMP_VERBOSE

Bitmask that specifies how verbose the Kdump process should be. Read kdump(5) for details.

<KDUMP_VERBOSE>3</KDUMP_VERBOSE>

optional

KEXEC_OPTIONS

Additional options that are passed to kexec when loading the Kdump kernel. Normally empty.

<KEXEC_OPTIONS>--noio</KEXEC_OPTIONS>

optional

4.36 DNS server #

The Bind DNS server can be configured by adding a dns-server resource. The three more straightforward properties of that resource can have a value of 1 to enable them or 0 to disable.

Attribute	Value	Description
`chroot`	0 / 1	The DNS server must be jailed in a chroot.
`start_service`	0 / 1	Bind is enabled (executed on system start).
`use_ldap`	0 / 1	Store the settings in LDAP instead of native configuration files.

Example 4.72: Basic DNS server settings #

<dns-server>
  <chroot>0</chroot>
  <start_service>1</start_service>
  <use_ldap>0</use_ldap>
</dns-server>

In addition to those basic settings, there are three properties of type list that can be used to fine-tune the service configuration.

List	Description
`logging`	Options of the DNS server logging.
`options`	Bind options like the files and directories to use, the list of forwarders and other configuration settings.
`zones`	List of DNS zones known by the server, including all the settings, records and SOA records.

Example 4.73: Configuring DNS server zones and advanced settings #

<dns-server>
  <logging config:type="list">
    <listentry>
      <key>channel</key>
      <value>log_syslog { syslog; }</value>
    </listentry>
  </logging>
  <options config:type="list">
    <option>
      <key>forwarders</key>
      <value>{ 10.10.0.1; }</value>
    </option>
  </options>
  <zones config:type="list">
    <listentry>
      <is_new>1</is_new>
      <modified>1</modified>
      <options config:type="list"/>
      <records config:type="list">
        <listentry>
          <key>mydom.uwe.</key>
          <type>MX</type>
          <value>0 mail.mydom.uwe.</value>
        </listentry>
        <listentry>
          <key>mydom.uwe.</key>
          <type>NS</type>
          <value>ns.mydom.uwe.</value>
        </listentry>
      </records>
      <soa>
        <expiry>1w</expiry>
        <mail>root.aaa.aaa.cc.</mail>
        <minimum>1d</minimum>
        <refresh>3h</refresh>
        <retry>1h</retry>
        <serial>2005082300</serial>
        <server>aaa.aaa.cc.</server>
        <zone>@</zone>
      </soa>
      <soa_modified>1</soa_modified>
      <ttl>2d</ttl>
      <type>master</type>
      <update_actions config:type="list">
        <listentry>
          <key>mydom.uwe.</key>
          <operation>add</operation>
          <type>NS</type>
          <value>ns.mydom.uwe.</value>
        </listentry>
      </update_actions>
      <zone>mydom.uwe</zone>
    </listentry>
  </zones>
</dns-server>

4.37 DHCP server #

The dhcp-server resource makes it possible to configure all the settings of a DHCP server by means of the six following properties.

Element	Value	Description
`chroot`	0 / 1	A value of 1 means that the DHCP server must be jailed in a chroot.
`start_service`	0 / 1	Set this to 1 to enable the DHCP server (that is, run it on system start-up).
`use_ldap`	0 / 1	If set to 1, the settings will be stored in LDAP instead of native configuration files.
`other_options`	Text	String with parameters that will be passed to the DHCP server executable when started. For example, use "-p 1234" to listen on a non-standard 1234 port. For all possible options, consult the dhcpd manual page. If left blank, default values will be used.
`allowed_interfaces`	List	List of network cards in which the DHCP server will be operating. See the example below for the exact format.
`settings`	List	List of settings to configure the behavior of the DHCP server. The configuration is defined in a tree-like structure where the root represents the global options, with subnets and host nested from there. The `children`, `parent_id` and `parent_type` properties are used to represent that nesting. See the example below for the exact format.

Example 4.74: Example dhcp-server section #

<dhcp-server>
  <allowed_interfaces config:type="list">
    <allowed_interface>eth0</allowed_interface>
  </allowed_interfaces>
  <chroot>0</chroot>
  <other_options>-p 9000</other_options>
  <start_service>1</start_service>
  <use_ldap>0</use_ldap>

  <settings config:type="list">
    <settings_entry>
      <children config:type="list"/>
      <directives config:type="list">
        <listentry>
          <key>fixed-address</key>
          <type>directive</type>
          <value>192.168.0.10</value>
        </listentry>
        <listentry>
          <key>hardware</key>
          <type>directive</type>
          <value>ethernet d4:00:00:bf:00:00</value>
        </listentry>
      </directives>
      <id>static10</id>
      <options config:type="list"/>
      <parent_id>192.168.0.0 netmask 255.255.255.0</parent_id>
      <parent_type>subnet</parent_type>
      <type>host</type>
    </settings_entry>
    <settings_entry>
      <children config:type="list">
        <child>
          <id>static10</id>
          <type>host</type>
        </child>
      </children>
      <directives config:type="list">
        <listentry>
          <key>range</key>
          <type>directive</type>
          <value>dynamic-bootp 192.168.0.100 192.168.0.150</value>
        </listentry>
        <listentry>
          <key>default-lease-time</key>
          <type>directive</type>
          <value>14400</value>
        </listentry>
        <listentry>
          <key>max-lease-time</key>
          <type>directive</type>
          <value>86400</value>
        </listentry>
      </directives>
      <id>192.168.0.0 netmask 255.255.255.0</id>
      <options config:type="list"/>
      <parent_id/>
      <parent_type/>
      <type>subnet</type>
    </settings_entry>
    <settings_entry>
      <children config:type="list">
        <child>
          <id>192.168.0.0 netmask 255.255.255.0</id>
          <type>subnet</type>
        </child>
      </children>
      <directives config:type="list">
        <listentry>
          <key>ddns-update-style</key>
          <type>directive</type>
          <value>none</value>
        </listentry>
        <listentry>
          <key>default-lease-time</key>
          <type>directive</type>
          <value>14400</value>
        </listentry>
      </directives>
      <id/>
      <options config:type="list"/>
      <parent_id/>
      <parent_type/>
      <type/>
    </settings_entry>
  </settings>
</dhcp-server>

4.38 Firewall configuration #

SuSEfirewall2 has been replaced by firewalld starting with SUSE Linux Enterprise Server 15 GA. Profiles using SuSEfirewall2 properties will be translated to firewalld profiles. However, not all profile properties can be converted. For details about firewalld, refer to Section 23.4, “firewalld”.

Important: Limited backward compatibility with SuSEFirewall2 based profiles

The use of SuSEfirewall2-based profiles will be only partially supported as many options are not valid in firewalld, and some missing configuration could affect your network security.

4.38.1 General firewall configuration #

In firewalld, the general configuration only exposes a few properties, and most of the configuration is done by zones.

Attribute	Value	Description
`start_firewall`	Boolean	Whether `firewalld` should be started right after applying the configuration.
`enable_firewall`	Boolean	Whether `firewalld` should be started on every system start-up.
`default_zone`	Zone name	The default zone is used for everything that is not explicitly assigned.
`log_denied_packets`	Type of dropped packets to be logged	Enable logging of dropped packets for the type selected. Values: `off`, `unicast`, `multicast`, `broadcast`, `all`.
`name`	Identifier of zone	Used to identify a zone. If the zone is not known yet, a new zone will be created.
`short`	Short summary of zone	Briefly summarizes the purpose of the zone. Ignored for already existing zones. If not specified, the name is used.
`description`	Description of zone	Describes the purpose of the zone. Ignored for already existing zones. If not specified, the name is used.
`target`	Default action	Defines the default action in the zone if no rule matches. Possible values are `ACCEPT`, `%%REJECT%%`, `DROP` and `default`. If not specified, `default` is used. For details about values, see https://firewalld.org/documentation/zone/options.html.

4.38.2 Firewall zones configuration #

The configuration of firewalld is based on the existence of several zones, which define the trust level for a connection, interface, or source address. The behavior of each zone can be tweaked in several ways although not all the properties are exposed yet.

Attributes	Value	Description
`interfaces`	List of interface names	List of interface names assigned to this zone. Interfaces or sources can only be part of one zone.
`services`	List of services	List of services accessible in this zone.
`ports`	List of ports	List of single ports or ranges to be opened in the assigned zone.
`protocols`	List of protocols	List of protocols to be opened or be accessible in the assigned zone.
`masquerade`	Enable masquerade	It will enable or disable network address translation (NAT) in the assigned zone.

4.38.3 Installation stages when the `firewalld` profile is applied #

Starting with SUSE Linux Enterprise Server 15 SP3, the firewalld profile is usually applied at the end of the first stage of the installation. (To learn about the installation stages, see Section 1.2, “Overview and concept”.) However, there are circumstances where the profile is applied in the second stage. The following list specifies the conditions under which the firewalld profile is applied in the first or second stage:

You are running AutoYaST with a firewalld section, and not installing SLE over SSH or VNC. The firewall is configured in the first stage.
You are running AutoYaST with a firewalld section, installing SLE over SSH or VNC, and no second stage is required. The firewall is configured in the first stage.
You are running AutoYaST with a firewalld section, installing SLE over SSH or VNC, and the second stage is required. The firewall is configured in the second stage.
You are running AutoYaST without a firewalld section. The firewall is configured in the first stage according to the default product proposals.
You are running AutoYaST with or without a firewall section, together with custom script which requires network access. The firewall is configured in the first stage either according to the profile or the product proposals, and the firewall configuration must be adapted so that the custom script has network access as needed.

4.38.4 A full example #

A full example of the firewall section, including general and zone specific properties, could look like this.

Example 4.75: Example firewall section #

<firewall>
  <enable_firewall config:type="true">true</enable_firewall>
  <log_denied_packets>all</log_denied_packets>
  <default_zone>external</default_zone>
  <zones config:type="list">
    <zone>
      <name>public</name>
      <interfaces config:type="list">
        <interface>eth0</interface>
      </interfaces>
      <services config:type="list">
        <service>ssh</service>
        <service>dhcp</service>
        <service>dhcpv6</service>
        <service>samba</service>
        <service>vnc-server</service>
      </services>
      <ports config:type="list">
        <port>21/udp</port>
        <port>22/udp</port>
        <port>80/tcp</port>
        <port>443/tcp</port>
        <port>8080/tcp</port>
      </ports>
    </zone>
    <zone>
      <name>dmz</name>
      <interfaces config:type="list">
        <interface>eth1</interface>
      </interfaces>
    </zone>
  </zones>
</firewall>

4.39 Miscellaneous hardware and system components #

In addition to the core component configuration, like network authentication and security, AutoYaST offers a wide range of hardware and system configuration options, the same as available by default on any system installed manually and in an interactive way. For example, it is possible to configure printers, sound devices, TV cards and any other hardware components which have a module within YaST.

Any new configuration options added to YaST will be automatically available in AutoYaST.

4.39.1 Printer #

AutoYaST support for printing is limited to basic settings defining how CUPS is used on a client for printing via the network.

There is no AutoYaST support for setting up local print queues. Modern printers are usually connected via USB. CUPS accesses USB printers by a model-specific device URI like usb://ACME/FunPrinter?serial=1a2b3c. Usually it is not possible to predict the correct USB device URI in advance, because it is determined by the CUPS back-end usb during runtime. Therefore it is not possible to set up local print queues with AutoYaST.

Basics on how CUPS is used on a client workstation to print via network:

On client workstations application programs submit print jobs to the CUPS daemon process (cupsd). cupsd forwards the print jobs to a CUPS print server in the network where the print jobs are processed. The server sends the printer specific data to the printer device.

If there is only a single CUPS print server in the network, there is no need to have a CUPS daemon running on each client workstation. Instead it is simpler to specify the CUPS server in /etc/cups/client.conf and access it directly (only one CUPS server entry can be set). In this case application programs that run on client workstations submit print jobs directly to the specified CUPS print server.

Example 4.76, “Printer configuration” shows a printer configuration section. The cupsd_conf_content entry contains the whole verbatim content of the cupsd configuration file /etc/cups/cupsd.conf. The client_conf_content entry contains the whole verbatim content of /etc/cups/client.conf. The printer section contains the cupsd configuration but it does not specify whether the cupsd should run.

Example 4.76: Printer configuration #

  <printer>
    <client_conf_content>
      <file_contents><![CDATA[
... verbatim content of /etc/cups/client.conf ...
]]></file_contents>
    </client_conf_content>
    <cupsd_conf_content>
      <file_contents><![CDATA[
... verbatim content of /etc/cups/cupsd.conf ...
]]></file_contents>
    </cupsd_conf_content>
  </printer>

Note: /etc/cups/cups-files.conf

With release 1.6 the CUPS configuration file has been split into two files: cupsd.conf and cups-files.conf. As of SUSE Linux Enterprise Server 15 SP3, AutoYaST only supports modifying cupsd.conf since the default settings in cups-files.conf are sufficient for usual printing setups.

4.39.2 Sound devices #

An example of the sound configuration created using the configuration system is shown below.

Example 4.77: Sound configuration #

<sound>
  <autoinstall config:type="boolean">true</autoinstall>
  <modules_conf config:type="list">
    <module_conf>
      <alias>snd-card-0</alias>
      <model>M5451, ALI</model>
      <module>snd-ali5451</module>
      <options>
        <snd_enable>1</snd_enable>
        <snd_index>0</snd_index>
        <snd_pcm_channels>32</snd_pcm_channels>
      </options>
    </module_conf>
  </modules_conf>
  <volume_settings config:type="list">
    <listentry>
      <Master config:type="integer">75</Master>
    </listentry>
  </volume_settings>
</sound>

4.40 Importing SSH keys and configuration #

YaST allows SSH keys and server configuration to be imported from previous installations. The behavior of this feature can also be controlled through an AutoYaST profile.

Example 4.78: Importing SSH keys and configuration from /dev/sda2 #

<ssh_import>
  <import config:type="boolean">true</import>
  <copy_config config:type="boolean">true</copy_config>
  <device>/dev/sda2</device>
</ssh_import>

Attributes	Value	Description
`import`	true / false	SSH keys will be imported. If set to `false`, nothing will be imported.
`copy_config`	true / false	Additionally, SSH server configuration will be imported. This setting will not have effect if `import` is set to `false`.
`device`	Partition	Partition to import keys and configuration from. If it is not set, the partition which contains the most recently accessed key is used.

4.41 Configuration management #

AutoYaST allows delegating part of the configuration to a configuration management tool like Salt. AutoYaST takes care of the basic system installation (partitioning, network setup, etc.) and the remaining configuration tasks can be delegated.

Note: Only Salt is supported

Although Puppet is mentioned in this document, only Salt is supported. Nevertheless, feel free to report any problems you might find with Puppet.

AutoYaST supports two different approaches:

Using a configuration management server. In this case, AutoYaST sets up a configuration management tool. It connects to a master server to get the instructions to configure the system.
Getting the configuration from elsewhere (for example, an HTTP server or a flash disk like a USB stick) and running the configuration management tool in stand-alone mode.

4.41.1 Connecting to a configuration management server #

This approach is especially useful when a configuration management server (a master in Salt and Puppet jargon) is already in place. In this case, the hardest part might be to set up a proper authentication mechanism.

Both Salt and Puppet support the following authentication methods:

Manual authentication on the fly. When AutoYaST starts the client, a new authentication request is generated. The administrator can manually accept this request on the server. AutoYaST will retry the connection. If the key was accepted meanwhile, AutoYaST continues the installation.
Using a preseed key. Refer to the documentation of your configuration management system of choice to find out how to generate them. Use the keys_url option to tell AutoYaST where to look for them.

With the configuration example below, AutoYaST will launch the client to generate the authentication request. It will try to connect up to three times, waiting 15 seconds between each try.

Example 4.79: Client/server with manual authentication #

<configuration_management>
    <type>salt</type>
    <master>my-salt-server.example.net</master>
    <auth_attempts config:type="integer">3</auth_attempts>
    <auth_time_out config:type="integer">15</auth_time_out>
</configuration_management>

However, with the following example, AutoYaST will retrieve the keys from a flash disk (for example, a USB stick) and will use them to connect to the master server.

Example 4.80: Client/server with preseed keys #

<configuration_management>
    <type>salt</type>
    <master>my-salt-server.example.net</master>
    <keys_url>usb:/</keys_url>
</configuration_management>

The table below summarizes the supported options for these scenarios.

Attributes	Value	Description
`type`	String	Configuration management name. Currently only `salt` is supported.
`master`	String	Host name or IP address of the configuration management server.
`auth_attempts`	Integer	Maximum attempts to connect to the server. The default is three attempts.
`auth_time_out`	Integer	Time (in seconds) between attempts to connect to the server. The default is 15 seconds.
`keys_url`	URL of used key	Path to an HTTP server, hard disk, flash disk or similar with the files `default.key` and `default.pub`. This key must be known to the configuration management master.
`enable_services`	True/False	Enables the configuration management services on the client side after the installation. The default is `true`.

4.41.2 Running in stand-alone mode #

For simple scenarios, deploying a configuration management server is unnecessary. Instead, use Salt or Puppet in stand-alone (or masterless) mode.

As there is no server, AutoYaST needs to know where to get the configuration from. Put the configuration into a TAR archive and store it anywhere (for example, on a flash disk, an HTTP/HTTPS server, an NFS/SMB share).

The TAR archive must have the same layout that is expected under /srv in a Salt server. This means that you need to place your Salt states in a salt directory and your formulas in a separate formulas directory.

Additionally, you can have a pillar directory containing the pillar data. Alternatively, you can provide that data in a separate TAR archive by using the pillar_url option.

Example 4.81: Stand-alone mode #

<configuration_management>
    <type>salt</type>
    <states_url>my-salt-server.example.net</states_url>
    <pillar_url>my-salt-server.example.net</pillar_url>
</configuration_management>

Attributes	Value	Description
`type`	String	Configuration management name. Currently only `salt` is supported.
`states_url`	URL	Location of the Salt states TAR archive. It may include formulas and pillars. Files must be located in a `salt` directory.
`pillar_url`	URL	Location of the TAR archive that contains the pillars.
`modules_url`	URL	Location of Puppet modules.

4.41.3 SUSE Manager Salt formulas support #

AutoYaST offers support for SUSE Manager Salt formulas when running in stand-alone mode. In case a formula is found in the states TAR archive, AutoYaST displays a screen which allows the user to select and configure the formulas to apply.

Bear in mind that this feature defeats the AutoYaST purpose of performing an unattended installation, as AutoYaST will wait for the user's input.

4 Configuration and installation options #

4.1 General options #

4.1.1 The mode section #

4.1.2 Configuring the installation settings screen #

4.1.3 The self-update section #

4.1.4 The semi-automatic section #

4.1.5 The signature handling section #

4.1.6 The wait section #

4.1.7 Ignoring unused devices on IBM Z #

4.1.8 Examples for the general section #

4.2 Reporting #

4.3 System registration and extension selection #

4.3.1 Extensions #

4.4 The boot loader #

4.4.1 Loader type #

4.4.2 Globals #

4.4.3 Device map #

4.5 Partitioning #

4.5.1 Automatic partitioning #

4.5.2 Guided partitioning #

4.5.3 Expert partitioning #

4.5.3.1 Drive configuration #

4.5.3.2 Partition configuration #

4.5.3.3 Btrfs subvolumes #

4.5.3.4 Using the whole disk #

4.5.3.5 Filling the gaps #

4.5.4 Advanced partitioning features #

4.5.4.1 Wipe out partition table #

4.5.4.2 Mount options #

4.5.4.3 Keeping specific partitions #

4.5.5 Logical volume manager (LVM) #

4.5.6 Software RAID #

4.5.6.1 Using the deprecated syntax #

4.5.6.2 RAID options #

4.5.7 Multipath support #

4.5.8 bcache configuration #

4.5.9 Multi-device Btrfs configuration #

4.5.10 NFS configuration #

4.5.11 tmpfs configuration #

4.5.12 IBM Z specific configuration #

4.5.12.1 Configuring DASD disks #

4.5.12.2 Configuring zFCP disks #

4.6 iSCSI initiator overview #

4.7 Fibre channel over Ethernet configuration (FCoE) #

4.8 Country settings #

4.9 Software #

4.9.1 Product selection #

4.9.2 Package selection with patterns and packages sections #

4.9.3 Installing additional/customized packages or products #

4.9.4 Kernel packages #

4.9.5 Removing automatically selected packages #

4.9.6 Installing recommended packages and patterns #

4.9.7 Installing packages in stage 2 #

4.9.8 Installing patterns in stage 2 #

4.9.9 Online update in stage 2 #

4.10 Upgrade #

4.11 Services and targets #

4.12 Network configuration #

4.12.1 Configuration Workflow #

4.12.2 The Network Resource #

4.12.3 Interfaces #

4.12.4 Assigning multiple IP addresses #

4.12.5 Persistent names of network interfaces #

4.12.6 Domain name system #

4.12.7 Routing #

4.12.8 s390 options #

4.13 Proxy #

4.14 NIS client and server #

4.15 NIS server #

4.16 Hosts definition #

4.17 Windows domain membership #

4.18 Samba server #

4.19 Authentication client #

4.20 NFS client and server #

4.21 NTP client #

4.22 Mail server configuration #

4.23 Apache HTTP server configuration #

4.24 Squid server #

4.25 FTP server #

4.26 TFTP server #

4.1.8 Examples for the `general` section #

4.5.8 `bcache` configuration #

4.5.11 `tmpfs` configuration #

4.28.4 New user settings (`useradd` settings) #

4.38.3 Installation stages when the `firewalld` profile is applied #