Introduction to SUSE Linux Enterprise Server for ARM on the Raspberry Pi
Systems Management
3rd Party
This guide contains an overview of SUSE Linux Enterprise Server for ARM on the Raspberry Pi platform and will guide you through the setup procedure.
Disclaimer: Documents published as part of the SUSE Best Practices series have been contributed voluntarily by SUSE employees and third parties. They are meant to serve as examples of how particular actions can be performed. They have been compiled with utmost attention to detail. However, this does not guarantee complete accuracy. SUSE cannot verify that actions described in these documents do what is claimed or whether actions described have unintended consequences. SUSE LLC, its affiliates, the authors, and the translators may not be held liable for possible errors or the consequences thereof.
1 Platform Overview #
To be able to use SUSE Linux Enterprise Server for ARM on the Raspberry Pi, an Arm compatible Raspberry Pi* is required. SUSE Linux Enterprise Server 12 SP3 for ARM is tested to work on a Raspberry Pi 3 Model B board.
1.1 Technical Details of the Raspberry Pi 3 Model B #
The Raspberry Pi is a series of small single-board computers based on a System on a Chip (SoC) by Broadcom*, featuring various peripherals on the board.
- CPU
The Broadcom BCM2837 SoC includes a quad-core Arm* Cortex*-A53 Application Processor supporting the ARMv8 32-bit and 64-bit instruction sets. With the default configuration, it is clocked up to 1.2 GHz.
- RAM
1024 MiB DDR2 memory mounted on the back of the board.
- Graphics
Broadcom* VideoCore* IV providing OpenGL* ES 2.0 support. Displays can be connected over HDMI or composite (TRRS jack).
- Ethernet
A USB Ethernet adapter on the board provides 10/100 MBit/s Ethernet.
- WLAN
The BCM43438 chip supports IEEE-802.11b, IEEE-802.11g and IEEE-802.11n in the 2.4 GHz band. It also provides Bluetooth 2.0-4.1 (Low Energy).
- Storage
The microSDHC card slot allows for a memory card to be inserted as primary boot medium.
- Power
The Raspberry Pi's main power source is the Micro USB connector. If your Raspberry Pi comes with a power supply, it is recommended to use the bundled power supply only.
- USB
A total of four USB 2.0 ports is available.
- Connectors
A 0.1 inch multi-function pin header is also available. Note that not all functionality of this header is exposed in SUSE Linux Enterprise Server for ARM on the Raspberry Pi.
1.2 SUSE Linux Enterprise Server for ARM 12 SP3 #
SUSE Linux Enterprise Server for ARM 12 SP3 is the first fully supported commercial Linux operating system release available for the Raspberry Pi. You can purchase subscriptions which entitle you to receive all released bug and security fixes, feature updates, and technical assistance from SUSE's worldwide support. Learn more about subscription and support options at https://www.suse.com/support/programs/subscriptions/?id=SUSE_Linux_Enterprise_Server
If you want to try out SUSE Linux Enterprise Server for ARM 12 SP3 on the Raspberry Pi, SUSE will provide you with a trial version. This gives you access to free patches and updates for a period of 60 days. You must sign in to the SUSE Customer Center at https://scc.suse.com/login using your Customer Center account credentials to receive this free offer. If you do not have a Customer Center account, you must create one to take advantage of the trial version.
Minimum System Requirements for Installation#
Raspberry Pi 3 Model B
SD Card with at least 8GB capacity
USB keyboard, mouse
HDMI cable and monitor
Power supply with at least 2.5A capacity
1.2.1 Differences Compared to the Previous Release “SUSE Linux Enterprise Server for the Raspberry Pi” #
The previous release of “SUSE Linux Enterprise Server for the Raspberry Pi” (based on SUSE Linux Enterprise Server 12 SP2) was intended for experimental users of SUSE Linux Enterprise Server on the Raspberry Pi platform. It included several large packages such as the C compiler and development tools. The commercial release of the Raspberry Pi image of SUSE Linux Enterprise Server for ARM is different in several ways:
It is based on the later code base from SUSE Linux Enterprise Server 12 SP3.
It uses the normal SUSE Linux Enterprise Server for ARM support channels instead of a special purpose “SUSE Linux Enterprise Server for the Raspberry Pi” channel.
The image is significantly smaller than the previous release to allow the installation to be tailored for the actual use.
Additional packages can be installed by YaST or Zypper after registration. Since many of our customers are interested in using SUSE Linux Enterprise Server for ARM on a Raspberry Pi for industrial monitoring and digital signage, it makes more sense to provide a minimal image that can easily be expanded.
1.2.2 Differences Compared to Raspbian #
Raspbian is the de-facto default distribution for the Raspberry Pi. The following paragraphs provide a short overview of differences between SUSE Linux Enterprise Server for ARM on the Raspberry Pi and Raspbian.
- Based on Upstream Kernel
Raspbian uses a kernel with modifications especially for the Raspberry Pi. SUSE Linux Enterprise Server for ARM uses the default SUSE Linux Enterprise kernel for AArch64 which is derived from the official mainline kernel.
- AArch64 Instruction Set
SUSE Linux Enterprise Server for ARM on the Raspberry Pi is the first distribution for the Raspberry Pi using the AArch64 instruction set.
- Boot Process
In Raspbian, the kernel is loaded directly. This is not supported by SUSE Linux Enterprise Server for ARM, where the U-Boot boot loader is used to provide an EFI boot environment. A GRUB2 EFI binary is chainloaded to provide a graphical boot screen.
- Root File System
SUSE Linux Enterprise Server for ARM on the Raspberry Pi uses Btrfs as file system for the root partition. Compression is enabled by default for better SD card performance.
1.2.3 YaST #
YaST is the installation and configuration framework
for SUSE Linux Enterprise. It is popular for its easy use, flexible graphical
interfaces and the capability to customize your system quickly
during and after the installation. YaST can be used to
configure your entire system: You can configure hardware, set up
networking, manage system services and tune your security
settings. All these tasks can be reached from the YaST
control center. To start it, choose YaST in the menu or run
the command xdg-su -c yast2
. You will be
prompted to enter the password of the root
user.
When started, YaST shows an overview of available modules (Figure 3, “The YaST Control Center”). Simply click an icon to open a module.
1.2.4 Zypper #
Zypper is the package manager for SUSE Linux Enterprise. It is the tool for installing, updating and removing packages and for managing repositories.
The general syntax for Zypper invocations is:
zypper[global-options]
command[command-options]
[arguments]
...
For most commands, there is both a short and a long form.
An overview is available with zypper --help
.
- Installing a package
zypper install mplayer
- Removing a package
zypper remove mplayer
- List available patches
zypper list-patches
- Install available patches
zypper patch
The recommended way to install available software updates is using the YaST Online Updater. To start it, choose “Online Update” in “Settings” under “Desktop Apps” in the IceWM menu.
1.2.5 Limitations #
- Graphics not hardware-accelerated
X.Org hardware acceleration is disabled to improve system stability and reliability.
To enable it, comment out the following line in
/etc/X11/xorg.conf.d/20-kms.conf
:Option "AccelMethod" "none"
by prefixing it with “#”.
For other limitations refer to the online version of the Release Notes at https://www.suse.com/releasenotes/x86_64/SUSE-SLES/12-SP3/.
2 Installation #
SUSE Linux Enterprise Server for the Raspberry Pi is distributed as XZ-compressed image file for microSD cards. This section will guide you through the process of preparing the card to the first boot. If you already have a microSD card containing the image, you can skip this section and go straight to Section 3, “Booting for the First Time”.
It is recommended to use a card with a capacity of at least 8 GB.
By following the procedure below, all data on the SD card will be overwritten and therefore irrevocably lost! Be very careful when choosing the destination device of the image writing process!
2.1 Preparing the Card on Linux #
Before and after you plug in the SD card, run the
lsblk
command. Between the two runs of
lsblk
, there should be a difference of one or
more lines. The first column and first row is the name of the node
representing the SD card in your system. To write the image to the
card, use the dd
command:
xz -cd IMAGE | dd of=/dev/SDCARDDEV bs=4096
dd
#This command decompresses the image
SLE-12-SP3-Server-RaspberryPi3.aarch64-GM.raw.xz
to the SD card mmcblk0
.
xz -cd SLE-12-SP3-Server-RaspberryPi3.aarch64-GM.raw.xz | dd of=/dev/mmcblk0 bs=4096
2.2 Preparing the Card on Microsoft Windows* Operating Systems #
The following steps will guide you through the installation of the image onto the SD card on Microsoft Windows operating systems. You need to meet these prerequisites:
Latest available image of SUSE Linux Enterprise Server for ARM on the Raspberry Pi
Easy 7-Zip from http://www.e7z.org/
Win32 Disk Imager from http://sourceforge.net/projects/win32diskimager/
Open the downloaded image using Easy 7-Zip. Extract the file content into a directory with sufficient free space.
Run Win32 Disk Imager and select the extracted file as
. Then, choose the correct drive letter as . Click to start the procedure.Note: Finding the correct deviceIf you are unsure which drive letter to choose from in the list, remove the SD card and run Win32 Disk Imager again. The option that disappeared is the right target device.
2.3 Preparing the Card on macOS* #
The following steps will guide you through the installation of the image onto the SD card on macOS. You need to meet these prerequisites:
Latest available image of SUSE Linux Enterprise Server for ARM on the Raspberry Pi
The Unarchiver from http://unarchiver.c3.cx/unarchiver
Open Finder at the location where the downloaded image is stored. Use the The Unarchiver instead of the default Archive utility and extract the content into a directory with sufficient free space.
selection to chooseOpen a Terminal window and change into the destination directory of the uncompressed image. Enter
diskutil list
before and after the SD card is inserted to find out which device to use.Run
diskutil unmountDisk /dev/diskX
, where X is the disk number from the previous step.Run
sudo dd bs=4096 if=imageFile.raw of=/dev/diskX
, where X is the disk number and imageFile.raw is the name of the uncompressed image.tux >
sudo dd bs=4096 if=SLE-12-SP3-Server-RaspberryPi3.aarch64-GM.raw.xz of=/dev/disk4 Password: 5550+0 records in 5550+0 records out 5819596800 bytes transferred in 1131.796649 secs (5141910 bytes/sec)Now unmount the disk (which is now labelled
) as usual.
3 Booting for the First Time #
After insertion of the prepared microSD card, connect a display, Ethernet and USB keyboard and mouse first, then provide power over Micro USB. After a few seconds you should be able to see a few lines of text on the screen. If that is not the case, recheck the connection to the display.
YaST can be used without a mouse by only using the keyboard. Every GUI element has an accelerator configured, visible as underlined letter. To activate such an accelerator, press the letter together with Alt.
On the first boot, the system will expand to fill the entire SD card, so be patient.
3.1 Initial System Setup with YaST #
After a few minutes, YaST will lead you through the initial system setup.
First, the system language and keyboard layout needs to be configured. Use the drop-down boxes and click
.Select
on this screen.Read the License Agreement. You need to accept the license by selecting
and choosing .Select the time zone either by clicking the area in the map or selecting region and zone in the drop-down boxes.
If the time and date shown at the bottom on the screen are incorrect, setup the Network Time Protocol client by following these steps:
Click
to open the NTPD configuration.Click
to synchronize date and time with NTPD.After the synchronization completed, click
to return to the Time and Date overview.
Click
to proceed.On this page, you can configure a default user account.
Note: Automatic Login not supportedAutomatic Login is not supported by xdm, the default display manager. Install gdm after the installation to make it work.
If you chose to skip the previous step or if you chose not to set a root password, you will be asked to provide one now. Do not forget what you enter here, you will need it for administration!
On this screen you need to enter your E-mail address and the registration code you received. You can also choose to
.Note: Skipping the RegistrationIf you choose to skip the registration here, you will not receive updates or patches until you registered manually using YaST.
After successful registration you will be given the option to activate Modules as additional package repositories. For example the Toolchain Module provides the supported versions of the GNU Compiler Collection for SUSE Linux Enterprise Server for ARM 12 SP3.
Click
to exit the setup wizard and continue the system start-up.
3.2 The Desktop Environment #
When the system finished booting, you will see the following login screen:
Type in the user name and password you chose during the
initial configuration. The default IceWM desktop starts. By using
the menu, you can start an XTerm
terminal:
4 General System Usage #
After the initial configuration procedure and the first boot of the system, you can now use various components of the system.
4.1 Bluetooth* #
The Raspberry Pi has a Bluetooth* controller on-board that can be used for various purposes, like wireless keyboards, mice or audio devices.
To enable the Bluetooth* controller for use with
bluetoothctl
and related applications, run:
root #
hciattach /dev/ttyAMA0 bcm43xx 921600
bcm43xx_init
Flash firmware /lib/firmware/BCM43430A1.hcd
Set Controller UART speed to 921600 bit/s
Device setup complete
You can then use hciconfig hci0 up
to bring
the device up and use hcitool scan
to scan the
environment for discoverable devices.
4.2 Compiler #
For compiling software, only the versions of the GNU Compiler
Collection provided by the Toolchain Module, which can be selected
after registration, are supported. To use the supported version,
gcc-7
needs to be invoked instead of
gcc
.
5 Initial System Configuration #
In this section it is explained how to perform the initial system configuration for SUSE Linux Enterprise Server for ARM 12 SP3 on the Raspberry Pi.
5.1 Changing the Host Name #
Follow these steps to change the default host name:
Open the YaST network module either by running
yast2 lan
or clicking the network icon in the YaST control center.Select
in the top tab bar.Type the new host name into the
field.Click
to save the change. After YaST exited, you need to log out and in again.
5.2 Setting up Networking #
The default configuration has DHCP enabled on the Ethernet port. If that suits your network environment, you can skip this section. If you require the use of a static IP address, use YaST:
Open the YaST network module either by running
yast2 lan
or clicking the network icon in the YaST control center.In YaST, you will see the network interface being selected. Select the built-in Ethernet and choose
to open the address configuration.Select
and type in the desired values for and . Click .With a static network configuration, you will also need to specify a DNS server (if applicable) and a gateway. For the gateway, select
in the tab bar and enter the IPs of the gateways into the specific fields.The DNS server is set in the
tab. After choosing that tab, enter the IPs of the name servers into the respective fields.
Similarly to the procedure described above, YaST also lets you configure the built-in Wi-Fi network adapter.
For detailed information about the network configuration in SUSE Linux Enterprise Server, consult the respective sections of the SUSE Linux Enterprise Server Deployment Guide and the SUSE Linux Enterprise Server Administration Guide at https://documentation.suse.com/sles/12-SP3/. To access these guides, download the compressed documentation folder.
5.3 Registration Process #
It is very important to register your SUSE Linux Enterprise Server for ARM subscription to ensure full functionality of your Raspberry Pi system. The SD card image provided by SUSE contains a minimal set of packages that are intended for the initial boot process and to get your Raspberry Pi onto the network.
When you have registered your SUSE Linux Enterprise Server for ARM subscription, you can download other packages you may need, such as compilers. The SUSE Linux Enterprise Server version that runs on your Raspberry Pi is the same version that runs on x86, Power, IBM Z, or on other Arm-based systems.
Because the Raspberry Pi does not have a persistent Real Time Clock, make sure that the clock is set to the current date and time before attempting to use Zypper or YaST to install additional packages.
You can register your system either during first boot or via the YaST Product Registration module.
Sixty day evaluation subscriptions may be requested at the following page: https://www.suse.com/products/arm/raspberry-pi/
After you obtained a registration code from a subscription card, you need to activate your subscription on the SUSE Customer Center at:
To register your subscription, perform the following steps:
Log in to the SUSE Customer Center using a browser on another machine. Create an account if required:
Click
:Click the dialog field
:Enter the registration code and accept the terms and conditions:
Confirm the subscription activation and the organization assignment. Click
:Your subscription is now active and ready to be used:
6 Product Documentation #
This introduction only covered the most basic tasks.
6.1 Product Documentation #
You can find the complete documentation for SUSE Linux Enterprise Server 12 SP3 at https://documentation.suse.com/sles-12.
Not all content in the product documentation applies to SUSE Linux Enterprise Server for ARM on the Raspberry Pi, because the Raspberry Pi differs largely from other hardware platforms.
6.2 SUSE Forums #
A valid and activated subscription entitles you to receive bug and security fixes, feature updates, and technical assistance from SUSE's support organization. Learn more at https://www.suse.com/support/. Via the SUSE Customer Center at https://scc.suse.com/login you can open an incident.
In addition, SUSE has provided conversation forums where you can get answers to questions. Go to https://forums.suse.com/. Under the main forum category SUSE Linux Enterprise Server select the sub-forum SLES for Raspberry Pi.
The SUSE Forum is no official support channel from SUSE. The individual articles or statements were contributed voluntarily by community members and users of the respective products. SUSE cannot verify either that the actions described in the articles do what they claim to do or that they do not have unintended consequences. Therefore, neither SUSE LLC, its affiliates, nor the authors may be held liable for possible errors or the consequences thereof.
Visit https://www.suse.com/support/ for more information about official support options.
7 Legal notice #
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Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or (at your option) version 1.3; with the Invariant Section being this copyright notice and license. A copy of the license version 1.2 is included in the section entitled “GNU Free Documentation License”.
SUSE, the SUSE logo and YaST are registered trademarks of SUSE LLC in the United States and other countries. For SUSE trademarks, see http://www.suse.com/company/legal/. Linux is a registered trademark of Linus Torvalds. All other names or trademarks mentioned in this document may be trademarks or registered trademarks of their respective owners.
Documents published as part of the SUSE Best Practices series have been contributed voluntarily by SUSE employees and third parties. They are meant to serve as examples of how particular actions can be performed. They have been compiled with utmost attention to detail. However, this does not guarantee complete accuracy. SUSE cannot verify that actions described in these documents do what is claimed or whether actions described have unintended consequences. SUSE LLC, its affiliates, the authors, and the translators may not be held liable for possible errors or the consequences thereof.
Below we draw your attention to the license under which the articles are published.
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You may combine the Document with other documents released under this License, under the terms defined in section 4 above for modified versions, provided that you include in the combination all of the Invariant Sections of all of the original documents, unmodified, and list them all as Invariant Sections of your combined work in its license notice, and that you preserve all their Warranty Disclaimers.
The combined work need only contain one copy of this License, and multiple identical Invariant Sections may be replaced with a single copy. If there are multiple Invariant Sections with the same name but different contents, make the title of each such section unique by adding at the end of it, in parentheses, the name of the original author or publisher of that section if known, or else a unique number. Make the same adjustment to the section titles in the list of Invariant Sections in the license notice of the combined work.
In the combination, you must combine any sections Entitled "History" in the various original documents, forming one section Entitled "History"; likewise combine any sections Entitled "Acknowledgements", and any sections Entitled "Dedications". You must delete all sections Entitled "Endorsements".
6. COLLECTIONS OF DOCUMENTS #
You may make a collection consisting of the Document and other documents released under this License, and replace the individual copies of this License in the various documents with a single copy that is included in the collection, provided that you follow the rules of this License for verbatim copying of each of the documents in all other respects.
You may extract a single document from such a collection, and distribute it individually under this License, provided you insert a copy of this License into the extracted document, and follow this License in all other respects regarding verbatim copying of that document.
7. AGGREGATION WITH INDEPENDENT WORKS #
A compilation of the Document or its derivatives with other separate and independent documents or works, in or on a volume of a storage or distribution medium, is called an "aggregate" if the copyright resulting from the compilation is not used to limit the legal rights of the compilation's users beyond what the individual works permit. When the Document is included in an aggregate, this License does not apply to the other works in the aggregate which are not themselves derivative works of the Document.
If the Cover Text requirement of section 3 is applicable to these copies of the Document, then if the Document is less than one half of the entire aggregate, the Document's Cover Texts may be placed on covers that bracket the Document within the aggregate, or the electronic equivalent of covers if the Document is in electronic form. Otherwise they must appear on printed covers that bracket the whole aggregate.
8. TRANSLATION #
Translation is considered a kind of modification, so you may distribute translations of the Document under the terms of section 4. Replacing Invariant Sections with translations requires special permission from their copyright holders, but you may include translations of some or all Invariant Sections in addition to the original versions of these Invariant Sections. You may include a translation of this License, and all the license notices in the Document, and any Warranty Disclaimers, provided that you also include the original English version of this License and the original versions of those notices and disclaimers. In case of a disagreement between the translation and the original version of this License or a notice or disclaimer, the original version will prevail.
If a section in the Document is Entitled "Acknowledgements", "Dedications", or "History", the requirement (section 4) to Preserve its Title (section 1) will typically require changing the actual title.
9. TERMINATION #
You may not copy, modify, sublicense, or distribute the Document except as expressly provided for under this License. Any other attempt to copy, modify, sublicense or distribute the Document is void, and will automatically terminate your rights under this License. However, parties who have received copies, or rights, from you under this License will not have their licenses terminated so long as such parties remain in full compliance.
10. FUTURE REVISIONS OF THIS LICENSE #
The Free Software Foundation may publish new, revised versions of the GNU Free Documentation License from time to time. Such new versions will be similar in spirit to the present version, but may differ in detail to address new problems or concerns. See http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/.
Each version of the License is given a distinguishing version number. If the Document specifies that a particular numbered version of this License "or any later version" applies to it, you have the option of following the terms and conditions either of that specified version or of any later version that has been published (not as a draft) by the Free Software Foundation. If the Document does not specify a version number of this License, you may choose any version ever published (not as a draft) by the Free Software Foundation.
ADDENDUM: How to use this License for your documents #
Copyright (c) YEAR YOUR NAME. Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts. A copy of the license is included in the section entitled "GNU Free Documentation License".
If you have Invariant Sections, Front-Cover Texts and Back-Cover Texts, replace the "with...Texts". line with this:
with the Invariant Sections being LIST THEIR TITLES, with the Front-Cover Texts being LIST, and with the Back-Cover Texts being LIST.
If you have Invariant Sections without Cover Texts, or some other combination of the three, merge those two alternatives to suit the situation.
If your document contains nontrivial examples of program code, we recommend releasing these examples in parallel under your choice of free software license, such as the GNU General Public License, to permit their use in free software.