模块和扩展快速入门 #

从 SUSE Linux Enterprise Server 15 开始，安装媒体仅包含统一安装程序：一个用于部署、更新和注册 SUSE Linux Enterprise 的精简系统。在部署期间，您可以通过选择要在统一安装程序的基础上安装的模块和扩展来添加功能。

从技术上讲，模块和扩展非常类似。它们都可以使用 YaST 或命令行工具 SUSEConnect 进行管理。模块和扩展都会添加一组包含所有必要软件包的联机软件源（main、update、source、debug）。此外，它们都可添加可以在部署期间选择的分区建议和系统角色。

不过，模块和扩展之间也存在一些重大差异：

SUSE Linux Enterprise 产品系列中提供下列模块和扩展：

请注意，可用性视产品而定。并非所有模块和扩展都可用于所有产品。有些模块包含在一个产品中，但也可以用作另一个产品的扩展。

2.10 NVIDIA Compute #

 

此模块包含 NVIDIA CUDA（Compute Unified Device Architecture，统一计算设备架构）驱动程序。此模块中的软件由 NVIDIA 根据 CUDA 最终用户许可协议提供，不受 SUSE 支持。

重要：不要使用 SUSEConnect 来添加此模块

不要尝试使用 SUSEConnect CLI 工具添加此模块。SUSEConnect 无法处理第三方软件源。

在安装期间，请从扩展和模块选择屏幕中选择该模块。在已安装的系统中运行 yast registration，依次选择选择扩展、NVIDIA Compute 模块，然后选择下一步继续。校验并接受 NVIDIA 软件源 GPG 密钥。

重要：不支持将 Workstation Extension 和 NVIDIA Compute 模块结合使用

Workstation Extension 为 NVIDIA 显卡提供驱动程序。这些驱动程序与 CUDA 共用某些软件包，但它们的版本可能不同。因此，既不建议也不支持同时启用 NVIDIA Compute 模块和 Workstation Extension。

• 依赖项：Basesystem

• 可用性：AMD64/Intel 64 和 AArch64 上的 SLES 与 SLE-HPC

• 支持：此模块中的软件由 NVIDIA 提供，SUSE 并不提供相关支持

在最初设置系统时以及在现有的 SUSE Linux Enterprise Server 安装上可以安装模块和扩展。

3.2 使用 YaST 安装模块和扩展 #

 

要从正在运行的系统安装模块和扩展，您需要确保系统已在 SUSE Customer Center 或本地注册服务器中注册。如果您在安装期间未注册系统，请参考第 9.3 节 “从安装的系统注册”中的相关说明。

注意：查看已安装的附加产品

要查看已安装的附加产品，请启动 YaST 并选择软件 › 附加产品

过程 1︰ 使用 YaST 从联机通道安装附加产品和扩展 #

 

1. 启动 YaST，然后选择软件 › 系统扩展。YaST 将连接到注册服务器并显示可用的扩展和模块列表。

   
   

   注意：可用扩展和模块

   可用扩展和模块数视注册服务器而定。本地注册服务器可能只提供更新软件源，而不提供其他扩展。

2. 单击一项可查看其说明。

3. 要添加模块或扩展，请选择您要安装的所有组件。请注意，需要为所有扩展提供付费购买的附加注册码。

4. 单击下一步继续。

5. 根据您为扩展或模块添加的软件源，系统可能会提示您导入软件源的 GPG 密钥，或者要求您同意许可条款。

6. YaST 软件包管理器将会打开，以安装每个模块的发行软件包；根据您所选的模块和扩展，它还会安装其他的软件包。强烈建议不要取消选择系统预先选择的任何软件包；不过，您可以添加其他的软件包。

   依次选择接受和完成以完成该过程。

7. 如果需要，请根据第 8.4.2 节 “管理软件源属性”中所述调整软件源的属性。

提示：模块依赖项

软件包可能需要依赖其他软件包才能正常运行，而模块与此类似，它们也可能依赖于其他模块。如果存在这种情况，系统会自动选择安装所依赖的模块。

3.4 使用 YaST 删除模块和扩展 #

 

1. 启动 YaST › 软件 › 附加产品。

   

2. 选择要去除的模块或扩展，然后单击删除。当有警告指出将要去除选定组件中的所有软件包时，请确认删除。

3. YaST 软件管理器此时将会打开，并列出已删除的模块或扩展中所有已安装的软件包。单击接受以去除所有这些软件包。强烈建议您去除不想要的软件包，因为对于已删除的模块或扩展中的软件包，系统不再提供其更新。如果您保留软件包，请务必至少去除每个已删除的模块或扩展的 *-release 软件包。

   依次单击接受和确定以继续。

警告：删除模块

请注意，切勿删除 Basesystem 模块。另外，建议不要删除 Server Applications 模块。

警告：系统不会为已删除的模块和扩展中的软件包提供更新

如果您选择保留已删除模块或扩展中的软件包，将不再会收到这些软件包的更新。因为这些更新包括安全修复，保留此类软件包可能会给系统带来安全风险。

3.5 使用 SUSEConnect 添加/删除模块和扩展 #

 

1. 运行 SUSEConnect -list-extensions 获取可用扩展的概览：

   > sudo SUSEConnect -list-extensions
   AVAILABLE EXTENSIONS AND MODULES
   
     Basesystem Module 15 SP4 x86_64 (Installed)
     Deactivate with: SUSEConnect -d -p sle-module-basesystem/15.4/x86_64
   
       Containers Module 15 SP4 x86_64
       Activate with: SUSEConnect -p sle-module-containers/15.4/x86_64
   
       Desktop Applications Module 15 SP4 x86_64
       Activate with: SUSEConnect -p sle-module-desktop-applications/15.4/x86_64
   
         Development Tools Module 15 SP4 x86_64
         Activate with: SUSEConnect -p sle-module-development-tools/15.4/x86_64
   
         SUSE Linux Enterprise Workstation Extension 15 SP4 x86_64
         Activate with: SUSEConnect -p sle-we/15.4/x86_64 -r ADDITIONAL REGCODE
   
       SUSE Cloud Application Platform Tools Module 15 SP4 x86_64
       Activate with: SUSEConnect -p sle-module-cap-tools/15.4/x86_64
   
       SUSE Linux Enterprise Live Patching 15 SP4 x86_64
       Activate with:
         SUSEConnect -p sle-module-live-patching/15.4/x86_64 -r ADDITIONAL REGCODE
   
       SUSE Package Hub 15 SP4 x86_64
       Activate with: SUSEConnect -p PackageHub/15.4/x86_64
   
       Server Applications Module 15 SP4 x86_64 (Installed)
       Deactivate with: SUSEConnect -d -p sle-module-server-applications/15.4/x86_64
   
         Legacy Module 15 SP4 x86_64
         Activate with: SUSEConnect -p sle-module-legacy/15.4/x86_64
   
         Public Cloud Module 15 SP4 x86_64
         Activate with: SUSEConnect -p sle-module-public-cloud/15.4/x86_64
   
         SUSE Enterprise Storage 6 x86_64
         Activate with: SUSEConnect -p ses/6/x86_64 -r ADDITIONAL REGCODE
   
         SUSE Linux Enterprise High Availability Extension 15 SP4 x86_64
         Activate with: SUSEConnect -p sle-ha/15.4/x86_64 -r ADDITIONAL REGCODE
   
         Web and Scripting Module 15 SP4 x86_64
         Activate with: SUSEConnect -p sle-module-web-scripting/15.4/x86_64
   
   MORE INFORMATION
   
   You can find more information about available modules here:
   https://www.suse.com/products/server/features/modules.html

2. 运行用于激活/停用模块或扩展的命令列表中的命令，以添加或删除组件。请注意，添加扩展需要提供付费购买的附加注册码。

警告：删除模块

请注意，切勿删除 Basesystem 模块。另外，建议不要删除 Server Applications 模块。

重要：系统不会自动安装/去除软件包

使用 SUSEConnect 添加或删除模块和扩展时，相应组件将会取消注册，相关的软件源或服务将从系统中去除。此时不会安装或去除软件包。如果您想要自动完成此类操作，请使用 YaST 添加或删除模块和扩展。

添加模块或扩展并不意味着会自动安装默认的软件包或软件集。您需要在命令行中使用 Zypper，或者运行 YaST › 软件管理来手动完成此操作。

删除某个模块或扩展并不意味着会自动进行清理。属于该模块或扩展的所有软件包仍会安装在系统上，但不再与某个软件源相关联，因此，不再会收到更新。要去除这些所谓的“孤立”软件包，请在命令行中使用 Zypper。zypper packages --orphaned 可列出这些软件包，zypper remove 可删除一个或多个软件包。或者，可以使用 YaST › 软件管理列出和删除孤立的软件包。

警告：系统不会为已删除的模块和扩展中的软件包提供更新

如果您选择保留已删除模块或扩展中的软件包，将不再会收到这些软件包的更新。因为这些更新包括安全修复，保留此类软件包可能会给系统带来安全风险。

默认情况下，用于搜索软件包的工具（YaST 软件管理或 zypper search）被限制为仅可在已激活的软件源中搜索。要将搜索范围扩展到尚未激活的远程软件源，您可以运行以下命令：

zypper search-packages PACKAGE

提示：在 SUSE Customer Center 中搜索软件包

您还可以在 SUSE Customer Center Web 界面（网址为 https://scc.suse.com/packages）中搜索软件包及其相应模块。此服务不需要登录 SUSE。

zypper search-packages 提供了以下选项供您调整搜索结果：

下面是如何使用 zypper search-packages 的一些示例。

> zypper search-packages openjdk nodejs
Following packages were found in following modules:

Package          Module or Repository
                    SUSEConnect Activation Command
--------------- ----------------------------------------------------------------
------------------ -------------------------------------------------------------
java-11-openjdk  Basesystem Module (sle-module-basesystem/15.4/x86_64)
                    SUSEConnect --product sle-module-basesystem/15.4/x86_64
java-17-openjdk  Basesystem Module (sle-module-basesystem/15.4/x86_64)
                    SUSEConnect --product sle-module-basesystem/15.4/x86_64
nodejs14         Web and Scripting Module (sle-module-web-scripting/15.4/x86_64)
                    SUSEConnect --product sle-module-web-scripting/15.4/x86_64
nodejs16         Web and Scripting Module (sle-module-web-scripting/15.4/x86_64)
                    SUSEConnect --product sle-module-web-scripting/15.4/x86_64
[...]

> zypper search-packages -x java-11-openjdk nodejs14
Following packages were found in following modules:

Package          Module or Repository
                   SUSEConnect Activation Command
--------------- ----------------------------------------------------------------
------------------ -------------------------------------------------------------
java-11-openjdk  Basesystem Module (sle-module-basesystem/15.4/x86_64)
                   SUSEConnect --product sle-module-basesystem/15.4/x86_64
nodejs14         Web and Scripting Module (sle-module-web-scripting/15.4/x86_64)
                   SUSEConnect --product sle-module-web-scripting/15.4/x86_64
[...]

> zypper search-packages -x vim
Following packages were found in following modules:

Package  Module or Repository
           SUSEConnect Activation Command
--- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
---------- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
vim Basesystem Module (sle-module-basesystem/15.4/x86_64)
      SUSEConnect --product sle-module-basesystem/15.4/x86_64
vim Installed
vim Available in repo Basesystem_Module_15_SP4_x86_64:SLE-Module-Basesystem15-SP4-Pool
vim Available in repo Basesystem_Module_15_SP4_x86_64:SLE-Module-Basesystem15-SP4-Updates

> zypper search-packages -x emacs
Following packages were found in following modules:

Package Module or Repository
          SUSEConnect Activation Command
----- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
--------- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
emacs Basesystem Module (sle-module-basesystem/15.4/x86_64)
        SUSEConnect --product sle-module-basesystem/15.4/x86_64
emacs Available in repo Basesystem_Module_15_SP4_x86_64:SLE-Module-Basesystem15-SP4-Pool

如果不搜索软件包，您还可以查看属于某个模块或扩展的软件包列表。启动 YaST 软件管理模块，然后单击查看 › 服务。选择一项以显示属于此模块或扩展的软件包列表。

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