安裝快速入門 #

執行以下程序可在所有支援的硬體平台上安裝該產品。這些程序假設您已成功開機至/透過 IPL 進入安裝系統。如需更詳細的安裝說明和部署策略，請參閱部署指南 。若要瞭解需執行哪些特定於某平台的準備工作才能開機，或透過 IPL 進入安裝系統，請參閱前述指南的以下部分：

1.2 離線安裝或者安裝但不註冊 #

 

預設安裝媒體 SLE-15-SP3-Online-ARCH-GM-media1.iso 的大小已進行最佳化，不包含任何模組和延伸。因此，安裝程式需要能夠存取網路，以註冊您的產品並擷取模組和延伸的儲存庫資料。

若要安裝但不註冊系統，請使用 https://download.suse.com/ 中的 SLE-15-SP3-Full-ARCH-GM-media1.iso 影像。

提示： 將安裝媒體影像複製到抽取式快閃磁碟

使用以下指令將安裝影像的內容複製到抽取式快閃磁碟。

tux > sudo dd if=IMAGE of=FLASH_DISK bs=4M && sync

需將 IMAGE 取代為 SLE-15-SP3-Online-ARCH-GM-media1.iso 或 SLE-15-SP3-Full-ARCH-GM-media1.iso 影像檔的路徑。需將 FLASH_DISK 取代為快閃記憶體裝置。若要識別裝置，請插入該裝置並執行：

root # grep -Ff <(hwinfo --disk --short) <(hwinfo --usb --short)
disk:
  /dev/sdc             General USB Flash Disk

確保裝置的大小足以容納所需的影像。您可使用以下指令檢查裝置的大小：

root # fdisk -l /dev/sdc | grep -e "^/dev"
     /dev/sdc1  *     2048 31490047 31488000  15G 83 Linux

在此範例中，裝置的容量為 15 GB。對於 SLE-15-SP3-Full-ARCH-GM-media1.iso 使用的指令為：

dd if=SLE-15-SP3-Full-ARCH-GM-media1.iso of=/dev/sdc1 bs=4M && sync

在執行 dd 指令時，不得掛接該裝置。請注意，分割區中的所有資料將被去除！

若要安裝 SUSE Linux Enterprise Server，請從整合安裝程式媒體開機至或透過 IPL 進入安裝程式，然後開始安裝。

2.1 語言、鍵盤和產品選擇 #

 

系統會依據您在開機畫面上選擇的語言來啟始化語言和鍵盤配置設定。如果您未變更預設設定，則語言為「英文 (美國)」。如果需要，可在此處變更設定。使用鍵盤測試文字方塊可測試配置。

使用整合安裝程式可以安裝所有 SUSE Linux Enterprise 基本產品：

• SUSE Linux Enterprise Server 15 SP3 (本文所述產品)

• SUSE Linux Enterprise Desktop 15 SP3 (如需安裝說明，請參閱 https://documentation.suse.com/sled/)

• SUSE Linux Enterprise High Performance Computing 15 SP3

• SUSE Linux Enterprise Real Time 15 SP3 (如需安裝說明，請參閱 https://documentation.suse.com/sle-rt/)

• SUSE Linux Enterprise Server for SAP Applications 15 SP3 (如需安裝說明，請參閱 https://documentation.suse.com/sles-sap)

• SUSE Manager Server 4.2 (如需安裝說明，請參閱 https://documentation.suse.com/suma/)

• SUSE Manager Proxy 4.2 (如需安裝說明，請參閱 https://documentation.suse.com/suma/)

• SUSE Manager Retail Branch Server 4.2 (如需安裝說明，請參閱 https://documentation.suse.com/suma-retail)

選取要安裝的產品。您需要有相應產品的註冊代碼。通篇文件假設您已選擇 SUSE Linux Enterprise Server。按繼續以繼續。

2.2 授權合約 #

 

閱讀授權合約。此內容以您在開機螢幕上選擇的語言顯示。可以透過授權語言下拉式方塊獲得翻譯。您需要核取我同意授權條款接受該合約，才能安裝 SUSE Linux Enterprise Server。按繼續以繼續。

2.3 網路設定 #

 

隨後會進行系統分析，在此過程中，安裝程式會查探儲存裝置，並嘗試尋找其他安裝的系統。如果在開始安裝期間已透過 DHCP 自動設定了網路，則您將轉至註冊步驟。

如果尚未設定網路，則網路設定對話方塊將會開啟。從清單中選取網路介面，然後使用編輯對其進行設定。您也可以手動新增一個介面。請參閱第 8.6 節 「網路設定」和第 19.4 節 「使用 YaST 設定網路連接」以獲得更多資訊。如果您希望在不存取網路的情況下執行安裝，請不做任何變更跳過此步驟，然後按下一步以繼續。

2.4 IBM Z：磁碟啟用 #

 

如果不是在 IBM Z 硬體上安裝，請跳過此步驟。

設定連接的硬碟。請選取 DASD、光纖通道連接的 SCSI 磁碟 (zFCP) 或 iSCSI 來安裝 SUSE Linux Enterprise Server。僅當連接了相應的裝置時，才可以使用 DASD 與 zFCP 組態按鈕。按下一步以繼續設定選取的磁碟類型。若需更多資訊，請參閱第 8.5 節 「IBM Z：磁碟啟用」。

2.5 註冊 #

 

若要獲得技術支援與產品更新，需在 SUSE Customer Center 或本地註冊伺服器中註冊並啟用 SUSE Linux Enterprise Server。在此階段註冊產品還可讓您立即獲得存取更新儲存庫的權限。如此，您便可將最新的更新和可用的修補程式隨系統一起安裝。

註冊時，將從註冊伺服器載入下一步要安裝的模組和延伸的儲存庫與相依項。

透過 scc.suse.com 註冊系統

若要在 SUSE Customer Center 中註冊，請輸入與您的 SCC 帳戶關聯的電子郵件地址，以及 SUSE Linux Enterprise Server 的註冊代碼。按繼續以繼續。

透過本地 SMT 伺服器註冊系統

如果您的組織提供了本地註冊伺服器，您也可以在該伺服器中註冊。啟用透過本地 SMT 伺服器註冊系統，然後從下拉式方塊中選擇 URL，或者輸入位址。按繼續以繼續。

跳過註冊

如果您處於離線狀態，或者想跳過註冊，請啟用跳過註冊。按一下確定接受警告，然後按下一步以繼續。

重要：跳過註冊

需要註冊您的系統和延伸，才能擷取更新以及獲得支援資格。僅當從 SLE-15-SP3-Full-ARCH-GM-media1.iso 影像安裝時，才能跳過註冊。

如果在安裝期間未註冊，以後隨時都可在執行中系統上註冊。為此，請執行 YaST › 產品註冊或指令行工具 SUSEConnect。

提示：在安裝時安裝產品修補程式

成功註冊 SUSE Linux Enterprise Server 後，系統會在安裝期間詢問您是否安裝最新的可用線上更新。如果您選擇是，最新的套件將隨系統一起安裝，如此便不必在安裝後套用更新。建議啟用此選項。

2.6 延伸和模組選項 #

 

成功註冊系統後，安裝程式會列出 SUSE Linux Enterprise Server 可使用的模組和延伸。模組是用於視需要定制產品功能的元件。它們是免費提供的。延伸可新增功能至產品。它們以訂閱的形式提供，並需要註冊金鑰，因此是收費的。

您在安裝的第一步中所選擇的產品，將決定有哪些模組或延伸可用。如需模組及其生命週期的描述，請選取一個模組以查看隨附文字。《模組和延伸快速入門》 和《版本說明》 中提供了更多詳細資訊。

模組的選擇會間接影響安裝範圍，因為該選擇定義了哪些軟體來源 (儲存庫) 可用於安裝，以及可用於執行中的系統。

以下模組和延伸適用於 SUSE Linux Enterprise Server：

Basesystem Module

此模組在整合安裝程式的基礎上新增一個基本系統。其他所有模組和延伸都需要此模組。只包含基礎系統的安裝其範圍相當於舊版 SUSE Linux Enterprise Server 的精簡系統安裝模式。系統預設已選擇安裝此模組，不應將其取消選取。

相依項：無

Certifications Module

包含 FIPS 140-2 認證套件。

相依項：Basesystem

Containers Module

包含容器的支援和工具。

相依項：Basesystem

Desktop Applications Module

將圖形使用者介面和最基本的桌面應用程式新增至系統。

相依項：Basesystem

Development Tools Module

包含編譯器 (包括 gcc) 以及應用程式編譯和除錯時所需的程式庫。取代了以前的 Software Development Kit (SDK)。

相依項：Basesystem、Desktop Applications

Legacy Module

透過提供 SUSE Linux Enterprise 中的停產套件，協助您將應用程式從 SUSE Linux Enterprise Server 早期版本和其他系統移轉至 SLES 15 SP3。依據移轉要求和組態的複雜層級選取此模組中的套件。

從舊版產品移轉時，建議使用此模組。

相依項：Basesystem、Server Applications

NVIDIA Compute Module

包含 NVIDIA CUDA (Compute Unified Device Architecture，統一計算裝置架構) 驅動程式。

此模組中的軟體由 NVIDIA 依據 CUDA 使用者授權合約提供，不受 SUSE 支援。

相依項：Basesystem

Public Cloud Module

包含建立影像所需的全部工具，這些影像用於在雲端環境 (例如 Amazon Web Services (AWS)、Microsoft Azure、Google Compute Platform 或 SUSE OpenStack Cloud) 中部署 SUSE Linux Enterprise Server。

相依項：Basesystem、Server Applications

Python 2 Module

SUSE Linux Enterprise 15 SP 3 使用 Python 版本 3。此模組包含 Python 2 執行時期與模組。

相依項：Basesystem

Server Applications Module

透過提供 DHCP 伺服器、名稱伺服器或 Web 伺服器等網路服務，來新增伺服器功能。系統預設已選取安裝此模組；不建議將其取消選取。

相依項：Basesystem

SUSE Cloud Application Platform Tools Module

新增用來與 SUSE Cloud Application Platform 產品互動的工具。

相依項：Basesystem

SUSE Linux Enterprise High Availability Extension

將關鍵任務型設定的叢集支援新增至 SUSE Linux Enterprise Server。此延伸需要單獨的授權金鑰。

相依項：Basesystem、Server Applications

SUSE Linux Enterprise Live Patching

新增無需關閉系統即可執行關鍵修補的支援。此延伸需要單獨的授權金鑰。

相依項：Basesystem、Server Applications

SUSE Linux Enterprise Workstation Extension

使用 SUSE Linux Enterprise Desktop 中與其他桌面應用程式 (例如辦公室套裝軟體、電子郵件用戶端、圖形編輯器等) 類似的套件和程式庫延伸 SUSE Linux Enterprise Server 的功能。使用該延伸可將這兩個產品相結合，打造功能完備的工作站。此延伸需要單獨的授權金鑰。

相依項：Basesystem、Desktop Applications

SUSE Package Hub

用於存取 openSUSE 社群所維護的各個 SUSE Linux Enterprise Server 套件。對這些套件不提供 L3 支援，且它們不會影響 SUSE Linux Enterprise Server 的支援。如需詳細資訊，請參閱 https://packagehub.suse.com/。

相依項：Basesystem

Transactional Server Module

新增了對交易更新的支援。更新將以單個交易的形式統一套用至系統，或者不套用。這種方式不會影響執行中的系統。如果某項更新失敗，或者成功套用的更新被視為不相容或存在其他錯誤，可以丟棄該更新，使系統立即回復至以前的正常運作狀態。

相依項：Basesystem

Web and Scripting Module

包含用於執行中 Web 伺服器的套件。

相依項：Basesystem、Server Applications

某些模組需要已安裝其他模組。因此，在選取某個模組時，可能會自動選取其他模組來符合相依關係。

根據具體的產品，註冊伺服器可能會將模組和延伸標示為建議安裝。系統會將推薦的模組和延伸預先選為要加以註冊和安裝。若要避免安裝這些推薦的項目，請手動取消選取。

選取要安裝的模組和延伸，然後按下一步以繼續。如果您選擇了一或多個延伸，系統會提示您提供相應的註冊代碼。根據所做的選擇，您可能還需要接受附加的授權合約。

重要：離線安裝預設選取的模組

使用 SLE-15-SP3-Full-ARCH-GM-media1.iso 執行離線安裝時，預設僅會選取 Basesystem Module。若要安裝 SUSE Linux Enterprise Server 的完整預設套件集，另外還需選取 Server Applications Module。

2.7 附加產品 #

 

使用附加產品對話方塊，您可以將不是 SUSE Customer Center 提供的其他軟體來源 (即「儲存庫」) 新增至 SUSE Linux Enterprise Server。此類附加產品可以包括協力廠商產品和驅動程式，或適用於您系統的其他軟體。

提示：在安裝期間新增驅動程式

您還可以透過附加產品對話方塊新增驅動程式更新儲存庫。http://drivers.suse.com/ 上會提供 SUSE Linux Enterprise 的驅動程式更新。已透過 SUSE SolidDriver Program 建立這些驅動程式。

如果要跳過此步驟，請按下一步繼續。否則，請啟用我想安裝附加產品。請指定媒體類型、本地路徑或託管儲存庫的網路資源，然後依照畫面上的指示操作。

核取下載儲存庫描述檔案可立即下載描述儲存庫的檔案。如果不啟用，系統將在安裝啟動後下載它們。按下一步繼續，並根據需要插入媒體。您可能需要接受其他授權合約，具體取決於產品的內容。按繼續以繼續。如果您選擇了需要註冊金鑰的附加產品，在繼續下一步之前，系統將要求您輸入該金鑰。

2.8 系統角色 #

 

可用的系統角色取決於所選的模組和延伸。例如，系統角色定義要預先選定加以安裝的軟體模式集。請參考畫面上的描述做出選擇。選取角色，然後按下一步以繼續。如果在已啟用的模組中，只有一個角色或者沒有任何角色適合相關的基本產品，則不會顯示系統角色對話方塊。

提示：版本說明

從此步驟開始，在安裝過程中，您可以在任一螢幕上選取版本說明來檢視版本說明。

2.9 建議的磁碟分割 #

 

查看系統建議的分割區設定。如果需要，可以變更它們。您可以選擇以下選項：

引導式設定

啟動用於調整磁碟分割建議的精靈。此處可用的選項取決於系統設定。如果系統包含多個硬碟，則您可以選擇要使用的磁碟，以及要放置根分割區的位置。如果磁碟已包含分割區，請決定是要移除分割區，還是調整分割區的大小。

在後續步驟中，您也可以新增 LVM 支援和磁碟加密。您可以變更根分割區的檔案系統，並決定是否建立單獨的主分割區。

進階磁碟分割程式

開啟進階磁碟分割程式，如第 10.1 節 「使用進階磁碟分割程式」中所述。此選項可讓您完全控制磁碟分割設定，以及建立自訂設定。它適用於進階使用者。

警告：磁碟空間單位

請注意，在分割時，磁碟空間的計量單位是二進位而不是十進位。例如，如果您輸入 1GB、1GiB 或 1G 做為大小，這些數字全部表示 1 GiB (千兆二進位位元組)，而不是 1 GB (千兆位元組)。

二進位

1 GiB = 1 073 741 824 位元組。

10 進位

1 GB = 1 000 000 000 位元組。

差異

1 GiB ≈ 1.07 GB。

若要接受建議的設定而不做任何變更，請選擇下一步繼續。

提示：版本說明

從此步驟開始，在安裝過程中，您可以在任一螢幕上選取版本說明來檢視版本說明。

2.10 時鐘和時區 #

 

選取系統中使用的時鐘和時區。若要手動調整時間或設定 NTP 伺服器以保持時間的同步，請選擇其他設定。請參閱第 8.12 節 「時鐘和時區」以獲得詳細資訊。按繼續以繼續。

2.11 本地使用者 #

 

若要建立本地使用者，請在使用者全名欄位中輸入姓氏和名字，在使用者名稱欄位中輸入登入名稱，在密碼欄位中輸入密碼。

密碼至少必須有 8 個字元，且應包含大小寫字母及數字。密碼的最大長度為 72 個字元，並且有大小寫之分。

出於安全考慮，強烈建議您不要啟用自動登入。此外，也不應 將此密碼做為系統管理員的密碼，而應在安裝的下一步中提供一個單獨的 root 密碼。

如果在包含舊版 Linux 安裝的系統上安裝，您可以自先前的安裝輸入使用者資料。按一下選擇使用者查看可用使用者帳戶的清單。選取一或多個使用者。

在集中管理使用者的環境中 (例如，透過 NIS 或 LDAP 進行管理)，您可以跳過本地使用者的建立程序。在這種情況下，請選取跳過使用者建立。

按繼續以繼續。

2.12 系統管理員「root」的驗證 #

 

輸入系統管理員 (稱做 root 使用者) 的密碼，或者提供公用 SSH 金鑰。如果需要，您也可以同時使用這兩種身分證明。

由於 root 使用者備有眾多的許可權，因此請慎重選擇密碼。切勿忘記 root 的密碼！在此處輸入密碼後，您將無法再從系統取回密碼。

提示：密碼和鍵盤組態

建議僅使用英文鍵盤上可用的字元。如果系統發生錯誤或您需要在救援模式下啟動系統，則本地化鍵盤可能不可用。

如果您要使用公用金鑰透過 SSH 從遠端存取系統，請從抽取式媒體或現有分割區輸入金鑰。如需詳細資訊，請參閱第 8.14 節 「系統管理員 root 的驗證」。

按繼續以繼續。

2.13 安裝設定 #

 

使用安裝設定螢幕查看多個建議的安裝設定，並依據需要變更。每個設定的當前組態都在此處列出。若要進行變更，請按一下標題。有些設定 (如防火牆或 SSH) 可以直接透過按一下相應連結變更。

重要：遠端存取

此處可變更的設定也可以日後在安裝的系統中加以變更。但是，如果您在安裝後需要立即進行遠端存取，則需調整安全性設定。

軟體

您為此安裝所選的模組和延伸定義了安裝範圍。不過，根據您所做的選擇而定，系統不一定會安裝模組內所有可用的套件。

按一下軟體會開啟軟體選項和系統任務螢幕，您可在此處透過選取或取消選取某些模式來變更軟體選擇。每個模式都包含特定功能 (例如 KVM 主機伺服器) 所需的多個軟體套件。如果想查看要安裝之軟體套件更為詳細的選擇，請選取詳細資料切換至 YaST軟體管理員。如需詳細資訊，請參閱第 21 章 「安裝或移除軟體」。

開機

此區段顯示開機載入程式組態。建議您僅在確實需要時才變更預設設定。如需詳細資訊，請參閱第 14 章 「開機載入程式 GRUB 2」。

安全性

CPU 緩和措施是指為防禦 CPU 旁路攻擊而部署的軟體緩和措施對應的核心開機指令行參數。按一下選取的項目可選擇其他選項。如需詳細資料，請參閱CPU 緩和措施。

依預設，啟用防火牆時，會將所有網路介面均設定為用於公用區域，在該區域中，所有連接埠預設均處於關閉狀態，以確保提供最高的安全性。如需組態詳細資料，請參閱Chapter 23, Masquerading and firewalls。

SSH 服務預設處於啟用狀態，但在防火牆中其連接埠 (22) 是關閉的。按一下開啟以開啟該連接埠，或按一下停用以停用該服務。請注意，如果停用了 SSH，將無法進行遠端登入。

網路組態

顯示目前網路組態。按一下網路組態以變更設定。如需詳細資料，請參閱第 19.4 節 「使用 YaST 設定網路連接」。

Kdump

如果核心當機，Kdump 可將記憶體影像 (「磁心傾印」) 儲存至檔案系統中。如此，您便可以透過對傾印檔案除錯找出當機原因。Kdump 已預先設定好，預設處於啟用狀態。如需詳細資訊，請參閱Section 19.7, “Basic Kdump configuration”。

預設 systemd 目標

如果您已安裝 Desktop Applications Module，系統會開機至支援網路、多重使用者和顯示管理員的圖形目標。如果您不需要透過顯示管理員登入，請切換至多使用者。

系統

按一下系統可檢視詳細的硬體資訊。在隨後顯示的螢幕中，還可以變更核心設定，如需詳細資訊，請參閱第 8.15.9 節 「系統」。

2.14 開始安裝 #

 

在安裝設定螢幕上確定系統組態後，按一下安裝。根據您做的軟體選擇，您可能需要同意授權合約，安裝確認螢幕才會顯示。到目前為止，我們尚未對您的系統進行任何變更。當您再次按一下安裝後，安裝過程即會開始。

2.15 安裝程序 #

 

安裝期間，詳細資料索引標籤會顯示詳細的安裝進度。SUSE Linux Enterprise Server 版本說明索引標籤顯示了重要資訊；建議您閱讀這些資訊。

安裝常式完成後，電腦會重新開機至安裝的系統。登入並啟動 YaST 以微調系統。如果您使用的不是圖形桌面或者正在從遠端工作，請參閱第 4 章 「文字模式下的 YaST」獲得有關從終端機使用 YaST 的資訊。

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