Minimal VM Quick Start

Minimal VM refers to a minimal customizable operating system that is tailored for a specific usage scenario: a container host, a virtual machine guest, an appliance base, or a small server image. Minimal VM acts as a foundation for building systems for use in a data center, creating desired virtual application images or appliances. You can choose what packages and components to install based on a specific use case. To that end, Minimal VM provides access to all regular software repositories.

If you already have SUSE Linux Enterprise Server certification, you are automatically certified for Minimal VM, as it is derived from the same code base. SUSE Linux Enterprise Server Minimal VM allows you to reduce the operating system to the packages essential for the specific usage scenario. This minimizes the number of packages and patches that need to be managed and applied. By removing unnecessary packages, you also reduce the number of potential vulnerabilities, thus making the resulting system more secure. Reducing the system's footprint also results in lower resource consumption and improved performance.

Minimal VM is delivered as preconfigured and ready-to-run virtual machine images. The system comes with the jeos-firstboot wizard for configuring system locales and the root password during the first boot. Minimal VM ships with the SSH server enabled and excluded from the firewall configuration. The supplied KIWI NG templates make it possible to create customized Minimal VM images.

Minimal VM provides ready-to-deploy server images on the AMD64/Intel 64 architecture for the following usage scenarios:

Ready-to-use Minimal VM images are available for the x86_64 architecture only. You can download Minimal VM for the following deployment targets:

Important: Supported virtualization hosts (hypervisors)

Minimal VM can run as a virtualization guest on the same virtualization hosts (hypervisors) as SUSE Linux Enterprise Server. See Section 7.3, “Supported host environments (hypervisors)” for more information on what hypervisors are supported.

2.1 Minimal VM Image for OpenStack Cloud #

 

Minimal VM for OpenStack Cloud is an image designed specifically for use in an OpenStack environment.

Instead of the jeos-firstboot tool, Minimal VM for OpenStack Cloud uses cloud-init for configuring the image. The image also uses the XFS file system and the following kernel configuration:

"plymouth.enable=0 console=ttyS0,115200 console=tty0 net.ifnames=0"

This means that the image ships without packages required by jeos-firstboot and Btrfs.

Minimal VM for OpenStack Cloud includes several OpenStack-related packages, such as cloud-init, cloud-init-config-suse, and xfsprogs.

2.1.1 cloud-init basics #

 

cloud-init automatically applies custom configuration to running instances. The tool features a wide range of configuration modules, and it can execute specific commands in the image during the boot phase.

The default configuration for cloud-init is part of the cloud-init-config-suse package, and it is located in the /etc/cloud/cloud.cfg directory.

2.1.2 cloud-init configuration examples #

 

By default, cloud-init does not set a root password. Instead, it creates a user account called sles that acts as the default user and has sudo rights. Use the following example to create passwords for both users.

Example 1: Add passwords #

 

#cloud-config
chpasswd:
  list: |
    root:$6$SalTsaLt$miA./Q1i1mKR0sYicn/yAzNHP6y32JjOdVIn5agAiaEKaSaZdC3X6CVTW2d/xslQfevCc20teWLurq12x8mbe1
    sles:$6$SalTsaLt$.cuqsgjNGxHJZSLmVqkI/j9.kWIiUQHqjlRswbHjTw9hIXdPomgey2DHzmp6Ho6wgqIKz3ufbOIKdQCnQHPSA1
  expire: False

To create the SHA-512 hashes used in the example, run the command: openssl passwd -6 -salt SalTsaLt PASSWORD.

Warning: User passwords

To avoid potential security risks, do not use passwords in production environments. Even when using hashed passwords, you are exposed to dictionary attacks. For better security, use SSH authentication instead of passwords.

When creating users, keep in mind that logging in with a password is disabled by default, and that the newly created users do not have sudo rights.

The following examples show configurations for creating various users.

Example 2: New user with password and sudo #

 

#cloud-config
users:
  - default
  - name: USER
    shell: /bin/bash
    groups: users
    # lock_passwd: Disable password login. Defaults to true
    lock_passwd: false
    passwd: $6$SalTsaLt$.cuqsgjNGxHJZSLmVqkI/j9.kWIiUQHqjlRswbHjTw9hIXdPomgey2DHzmp6Ho6wgqIKz3ufbOIKdQCnQHPSA1
    sudo: ALL=(ALL) NOPASSWD:ALL

Example 3: New user with SSH keys and sudo #

 

#cloud-config
users:
  - name: USER
    shell: /bin/bash
    groups: users
    ssh_import_id: None
    lock_passwd: true
    sudo: ALL=(ALL) NOPASSWD:ALL
    ssh_authorized_keys:
      - SSH_PUBLIC_KEY_1
      - SSH_PUBLIC_KEY_2

To connect and register with the SUMA, RMT, or SUSEConnect, use the runcmd module to run the desired commands, for example:

#cloud-config
runcmd:
  - SUSEConnect -r REGISTRATION_CODE -e EMAIL_ADDRESS

For further information, see https://documentation.suse.com/sles/html/SLES-all/cha-register-sle.html.

For RMT, the configuration is as follows:

#cloud-config
runcmd:
  - curl http://RMT_SERVER/tools/rmt-client-setup \ --output rmt-client-setup
  - sh rmt-client-setup https://RMT_SERVER/

For further information, see https://documentation.suse.com/sles/html/SLES-all/cha-rmt-client.html.

For SUMA, the configuration is as follows:

#cloud-config
runcmd:
  - curl -O http://suma01/pub/bootstrap/bootstrap.sh
  - /bin/bash bootstrap.sh

For further information, see https://documentation.suse.com/external-tree/en-us/suma/4.0/suse-manager/client-configuration/registration-bootstrap.html.

Finally, the following example shows a configuration that installs a package and starts a service during the first boot.

#cloud-config
packages:
  - qemu-guest-agent
runcmd:
  - systemctl enable qemu-guest-agent.service
  - systemctl start --no-block qemu-guest-agent.service

Provided you have KVM installed on your local machine, you can use a ready-made Minimal VM image to create a virtual machine. This allows you to experiment with Minimal VM safely.

Download a 60-day trial Minimal VM image for KVM at https://www.suse.com/products/server/jeos/.

Refer to the following procedure to create a Minimal VM virtual machine in KVM.

After the system is booted, jeos-firstboot guides you through the initial system setup.

Note: Change locale

The Minimal VM image comes with the en_US locale only. You can install and select the desired system locale after the setup is completed by installing the glibc-locale package and running the localectl set-locale LANG=LOCALE command (replace LOCALE with the desired language locale, for example, de_DE.UTF-8).

1. As the first step, you are prompted to select the appropriate keyboard layout using the keyboard selection dialog.

2. Next, read and accept the License Agreement. You cannot proceed without accepting the license agreement.

3. Specify the desired time zone.

4. When prompted, specify and confirm the desired root password.

5. As the last step, you are instructed to register your system. If you only plan to test Minimal VM, you can skip registration.

6. After the initial configuration is completed, you can log in to the system as root, using the password you specified during the setup procedure.

Tip: Installing product patches after first boot

After Minimal VM has been successfully installed and registered, we highly recommend to install the latest available online updates.

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