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documentation.suse.com / SUSE Linux Enterprise Server 설명서 / Administration Guide / Common tasks / Changing language and country settings with YaST
Applies to SUSE Linux Enterprise Server 15 SP6

5 Changing language and country settings with YaST

 

This chapter explains how to configure language and country settings. You can change the language globally for the whole system, individually for certain users or desktops, or temporarily for single applications. Additionally, you can configure secondary languages and adjust the date and country settings.

If you work in different countries or in a multilingual environment, you should configure your system accordingly. SUSE® Linux Enterprise Server can handle different locales in parallel. A locale is a set of parameters that defines the language and country settings reflected in the user interface.

The main system language is selected during installation, and keyboard and time zone settings are adjusted accordingly. However, you can install additional languages and determine which of the installed languages should be the default.

For those tasks, use the YaST language module as described in Section 5.1, “Changing the system language”. Install secondary languages to get optional localization if you need to start applications or desktops in languages other than the primary one.

The YaST time zone module allows you to adjust your country and time zone settings accordingly. It also lets you synchronize your system clock against a time server. For details, refer to Section 5.2, “Changing the country and time settings”.

5.1 Changing the system language

 

Depending on how you use your desktop and whether you want to switch the entire system to another language or only the desktop environment, you have several options:

Changing the system language globally

Proceed as described in Section 5.1.1, “Modifying system languages with YaST” and Section 5.1.2, “Switching the default system language” to install additional localized packages with YaST and to set the default language. Changes are effective after the next login. To ensure that the entire system reflects the change, reboot the system or close and restart all running services, applications and programs.

Changing the language for the desktop only

Provided you have previously installed the desired language packages for your desktop environment with YaST as described below, you can switch the language of your desktop using the desktop's control center. After the X server has been restarted, your entire desktop reflects your new choice of language. Applications not belonging to your desktop framework are not affected by this change and may still appear in the language that was set in YaST.

Temporarily switching languages for one application only

You can also run a single application in another language (that has already been installed with YaST). To do so, start it from the command line by specifying the language code as described in Section 5.1.3, “Switching languages for standard X and GNOME applications”.

5.1.1 Modifying system languages with YaST

 

YaST supports two different language categories:

Primary Language

The primary language set in YaST applies to the entire system, including YaST and the desktop environment. This language is used whenever available unless you manually specify another language.

Secondary Languages

Install secondary languages to make your system multilingual. Languages installed as secondary can be selected manually, when needed. For example, use a secondary language to start an application in a certain language to do word processing in this language.

Before installing additional languages, determine which of them should be the default system language (primary language).

To access the YaST language module, start YaST and click System › Language. Alternatively, start the Languages dialog directly by running sudo yast2 language & from a command line.

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Procedure 5.1: Installing additional languages
 

When installing additional languages, YaST allows you to set different locale settings for the user root, see Step 4. The option Locale Settings for User root determines how the locale variables (LC_*) in the file /etc/sysconfig/language are set for root. You can set them to the same locale as for regular users. Alternatively, you can keep them unaffected by any language changes, or only set the variable RC_LC_CTYPE to the same values as for the regular users. The RC_LC_CTYPE variable sets the localization for language-specific function calls.

  1. To add languages in the YaST language module, select the Secondary Languages you want to install.

  2. To make a language the default language, set it as Primary Language.

  3. Additionally, adapt the keyboard to the new primary language and adjust the time zone, if appropriate.

    Tip
    Tip: Advanced settings

    For advanced keyboard or time zone settings, select Hardware › System Keyboard Layout or System › Date and Time in YaST. For more information, refer to Chapter 32, Setting up your system keyboard layout and Section 5.2, “Changing the country and time settings”.

  4. To change language settings specific to the user root, click Details.

    1. Set Locale Settings for User root to the desired value. For more information, click Help.

    2. Decide whether to use Use UTF-8 Encoding for root or not.

  5. If your locale was not included in the list of primary languages available, try specifying it with Detailed Locale Setting. However, this may result in certain locales being incomplete.

  6. Confirm the changes in the dialogs with OK. If you have selected secondary languages, YaST installs the localized software packages for the additional languages.

The system is now multilingual. However, to start an application in a language other than the primary one, you need to set the desired language explicitly as explained in Section 5.1.3, “Switching languages for standard X and GNOME applications”.

5.1.2 Switching the default system language

 

To globally change the default language of a system, use the following procedure:

  1. Start the YaST language module.

  2. Select the desired new system language as Primary Language.

    Important
    Important: Deleting former system languages

    If you switch to a different primary language, the localized software packages for the former primary language gets removed from the system. To switch the default system language but keep the former primary language as an additional language, add it as Secondary Language by selecting the respective check box.

  3. Adjust the keyboard and time zone options as desired.

  4. Confirm your changes with OK.

  5. After YaST has applied the changes, restart current X sessions (for example, by logging out and logging in again) to make YaST and the desktop applications reflect your new language settings.

5.1.3 Switching languages for standard X and GNOME applications

 

After you have installed the respective language with YaST, you can run a single application in another language.

Start the application from the command line by using the following command: 

LANG=LANGUAGE application

For example, to start f-spot in German, run LANG=de_DE f-spot. For other languages, use the appropriate language code. Get a list of all language codes available with the locale  -av command.

5.2 Changing the country and time settings

 

Using the YaST date and time module, adjust your system date, clock and time zone information to the area you are working in. To access the YaST module, start YaST and click System › Date and Time. Alternatively, start the Clock and Time Zone dialog directly by running sudo yast2 timezone & from a command line.

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First, select a general region, such as Europe. Choose an appropriate country that matches the one you are working in, for example, Germany.

Depending on which operating systems run on your workstation, adjust the hardware clock settings accordingly:

  • If you run another operating system on your machine, such as Microsoft Windows*, your system may not use UTC, but local time. In this case, deactivate Hardware Clock Set To UTC.

  • If you only run Linux on your machine, set the hardware clock to UTC and have the switch from standard time to daylight saving time performed automatically.

Important
Important: Set the hardware clock to UTC

The switch from standard time to daylight saving time (and vice versa) can only be performed automatically when the hardware clock (CMOS clock) is set to UTC. This also applies if you use automatic time synchronization with NTP, because automatic synchronization is only performed if the time difference between the hardware and system clock is less than 15 minutes.

Since a wrong system time can cause serious problems (missed backups, dropped mail messages, mount failures on remote file systems, etc.) it is strongly recommended to always set the hardware clock to UTC.

You can change the date and time manually or opt for synchronizing your machine against an NTP server, either permanently or only for adjusting your hardware clock.

Procedure 5.2: Manually adjusting time and date
 

  1. In the YaST timezone module, click Other Settings to set date and time.

  2. Select Manually and enter date and time values.

  3. Confirm your changes.

Procedure 5.3: Setting date and time with NTP server
 

  1. Click Other Settings to set date and time.

  2. Select Synchronize with NTP Server.

  3. Enter the address of an NTP server, if not already populated.

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  4. With the Configure button, you can open the advanced NTP configuration. For details, see Section 38.1, “Configuring an NTP client with YaST”.

  5. Confirm your changes.