模块和扩展快速入门

从 SUSE Linux Enterprise Desktop 15 开始，安装媒体仅包含统一安装程序：一个用于部署、更新和注册 SUSE Linux Enterprise Desktop 的精简系统。在部署期间，您可以通过选择要在统一安装程序的基础上安装的模块和扩展来添加功能。

从技术上讲，模块和扩展非常类似。可以使用 YaST 或命令行工具 SUSEConnect 管理两者。模块和扩展都会添加一组包含所有必要软件包的联机储存库（main、update、source、debug）。此外，它们都可添加可以在部署期间选择的分区建议和系统角色。

不过，模块和扩展之间也存在一些重大差异：

SUSE Linux Enterprise 产品系列中提供下列模块和扩展：

请注意，可用性视产品而定。并非所有模块和扩展都可用于所有产品。有些模块包含在一个产品中，但也可以用作另一个产品的扩展。

2.7 Workstation Extension #

 

此扩展提供额外的桌面应用程序和库。SUSE Linux Enterprise Desktop 上默认已安装该扩展。通过在 SUSE Linux Enterprise Server 安装中添加 Workstation Extension，您可以将这两个产品无缝融合，以创建功能完备的服务器工作站。有关详细信息，请参见 https://www.suse.com/products/workstation-extension。

警告：不支持的内核模块

Workstation Extension 会安装 kernel-default-extra 软件包，该软件包包含用于桌面用途的其他内核模块，并可用于加载不受支持的模块。如果加载了这些模块，它们可能会影响您的 SLE 支持状态。

请评估您的硬件是否确实需要其他内核模块，如果需要，请测试此扩展驱动程序集以及 kernel-default 软件包中的默认驱动程序集是否可能存在配置冲突。

要阻止安装 kernel-default-extra 软件包，请运行 zypper addlock kernel-default-extra。

• 依赖项：Basesystem、Desktop

• 可用性：SLES、SLED（默认）、SLES for SAP

• 生命周期：10 年

• 扩展支持：无

• 级别：混合的 L2/L3（取决于软件包）

在最初设置系统时以及在现有的 SUSE Linux Enterprise Desktop 安装上可以安装模块和扩展。

3.2 使用 YaST 安装模块和扩展 #

 

要从正在运行的系统安装模块和扩展，您需要确保系统已在 SUSE Customer Center 或本地注册服务器中注册。如果您在安装期间未注册系统，请参考Section 6.2, “Registering from the installed system”中的相关说明。

提示：SUSE Linux Enterprise Desktop

从 SUSE Linux Enterprise 12 开始，SUSE Linux Enterprise Desktop 不仅作为独立的产品提供，还可作为 SUSE Linux Enterprise Server 的 Workstation 扩展提供。如果您在 SUSE Customer Center 上注册了产品，便可以选择安装 Workstation Extension。请注意，您需要提供有效的注册代码才能安装它。

注意：查看已安装的附加产品

要查看已安装的附加产品，请启动 YaST 并选择软件 › 附加产品。

过程 1︰ 使用 YaST 通过联机通道安装附加产品和扩展 #

 

1. 启动 YaST，然后选择软件 › 系统扩展。YaST 将连接到注册服务器并显示可用的扩展和模块列表。

   
   

   注意：可用扩展和模块

   可用扩展和模块数视注册服务器而定。本地注册服务器可能只提供更新储存库，而不提供其他扩展。

2. 单击一项可查看其说明。

3. 要添加模块或扩展，请选择您要安装的所有组件。请注意，需要为所有扩展提供付费购买的附加注册码。

4. 单击下一步继续。

5. 根据您为扩展或模块添加的储存库，系统可能会提示您导入储存库的 GPG 密钥，或者要求您同意许可条款。

6. YaST 软件包管理器将会打开，以安装每个模块的 release 软件包；根据您所选的模块和扩展，它还会安装其他软件包。强烈建议不要取消选择系统预先选择的任何软件包；不过，您可以添加其他的软件包。

   依次选择接受和完成以完成该过程。

7. 如果需要，请根据第 8.4.2 节 “管理储存库属性”中所述调整储存库的属性。

提示：模块依赖项

软件包可能需要依赖其他软件包才能正常运行，而模块与此类似，它们也可能依赖于其他模块。如果存在这种情况，系统会自动选择安装所依赖的模块。

3.4 使用 YaST 删除模块和扩展 #

 

1. 启动 YaST › 软件 › 附加产品。

   

2. 选择要去除的模块或扩展，然后单击删除。当有警告指出将要去除选定组件中的所有软件包时，请确认删除。

3. YaST 软件管理器此时将会打开，并列出已删除的模块或扩展中所有已安装的包。单击接受以去除所有这些软件包。强烈建议您去除不想要的软件包，因为对于已删除的模块或扩展中的软件包，系统不再提供其更新。如果您保留软件包，请务必至少去除每个已删除的模块或扩展的 *-release 软件包。

   依次单击接受和确定以继续。

警告：删除模块

请注意，切勿删除 Basesystem 模块。此外建议不要删除 SUSE Linux Enterprise Workstation Extension 和 Desktop Applications 模块。

警告：系统不会为来自已删除模块和扩展的软件包提供更新

如果您选择保留已删除模块或扩展中的软件包，将不再会收到这些软件包的更新。因为这些更新包括安全修复，保留此类软件包可能会给系统带来安全风险。

3.5 使用 SUSEConnect 添加或删除模块和扩展 #

 

1. 运行 SUSEConnect --list-extensions 获取可用扩展的概览：

   > sudo SUSEConnect -list-extensions
   AVAILABLE EXTENSIONS AND MODULES
   
       Basesystem Module 15 SP6 x86_64 (Activated)
       Deactivate with: SUSEConnect -d -p sle-module-basesystem/15.6/x86_64
   
           Desktop Applications Module 15 SP6 x86_64 (Activated)
           Deactivate with: SUSEConnect -d -p sle-module-desktop-applications/15.6/x86_64
   
               Development Tools Module 15 SP6 x86_64
               Activate with: SUSEConnect    -p sle-module-development-tools/15.6/x86_64
   
               SUSE Linux Enterprise Workstation Extension 15 SP6 x86_64 (Activated)
               Deactivate with: SUSEConnect -d -p sle-we/15.6/x86_64
   
           Python 3 Module 15 SP6 x86_64
           Activate with: SUSEConnect -p sle-module-python3/15.6/x86_64
   
           SUSE Package Hub 15 SP6 x86_64
           Activate with: SUSEConnect    -p PackageHub/15.6/x86_64
   
       Certifications Module 15 SP6 x86_64
       Activate with: SUSEConnect -p sle-module-certifications/15.6/x86_64
   
   
   REMARKS
   
   (Not available) The module/extension is not enabled on your RMT/SMT
   (Activated)     The module/extension is activated on your system
   
   MORE INFORMATION
   
   You can find more information about available modules here:
   https://www.suse.com/documentation/sles-15/singlehtml/art_modules/art_modules.html

2. 运行用于激活/停用模块或扩展的命令列表中的命令，以添加或删除组件。请注意，添加扩展需要提供付费购买的附加注册码。

警告：删除模块

请注意，切勿删除 Basesystem 模块。此外建议不要删除 SUSE Linux Enterprise Workstation Extension 和 Desktop Applications 模块。

重要：不会自动安装或去除软件包

SUSEConnect 只会添加或去除模块和扩展。它会注册或取消注册组件，以及启用或禁用组件的储存库，但不会安装或去除任何软件包。如果您希望系统自动完成此类操作，请使用 YaST 来管理模块和扩展。

添加模块或扩展时，SUSEConnect 不会安装默认软件包或软件集。要手动执行此类操作，请使用 Zypper 或 YaST › 软件管理。

删除模块或扩展时，SUSEConnect 不会执行清理。模块或扩展中的软件包仍会安装在系统上，但不再从储存库更新。要列出这些“孤立的”软件包，请运行 zypper packages --orphaned。要去除一个或多个软件包，请运行 zypper remove PACKAGE [ANOTHER_PACKAGE]。或者，可以使用 YaST › 软件管理，然后使用视图 › 软件包分类 › 孤立的软件包列出和删除孤立的软件包。

警告：系统不会为来自已删除模块和扩展的软件包提供更新

如果您选择保留已删除模块或扩展中的软件包，将不再会收到这些软件包的更新。因为这些更新包括安全修复，保留此类软件包可能会给系统带来安全风险。

默认情况下，用于搜索软件包的工具（YaST 软件管理或 zypper search）被限制为仅可在已激活的储存库中搜索。要将搜索范围扩展到尚未激活的远程储存库，您可以运行以下命令：

zypper search-packages PACKAGE

提示：在 SUSE Customer Center 中搜索软件包

您还可以在 SUSE Customer Center Web 界面（网址为 https://scc.suse.com/packages）中搜索软件包及其相应模块。此服务不需要登录 SUSE。

zypper search-packages 提供了以下选项供您细化搜索结果：

下面是如何使用 zypper search-packages 的一些示例。

> zypper search-packages openjdk nodejs
Following packages were found in following modules:

Package          Module or Repository
                    SUSEConnect Activation Command
--------------- ----------------------------------------------------------------
------------------ -------------------------------------------------------------
java-11-openjdk  Basesystem Module (sle-module-basesystem/15.4/x86_64)
                    SUSEConnect --product sle-module-basesystem/15.4/x86_64
java-17-openjdk  Basesystem Module (sle-module-basesystem/15.4/x86_64)
                    SUSEConnect --product sle-module-basesystem/15.4/x86_64
nodejs14         Web and Scripting Module (sle-module-web-scripting/15.4/x86_64)
                    SUSEConnect --product sle-module-web-scripting/15.4/x86_64
nodejs16         Web and Scripting Module (sle-module-web-scripting/15.4/x86_64)
                    SUSEConnect --product sle-module-web-scripting/15.4/x86_64
[...]

> zypper search-packages -x java-11-openjdk nodejs14
Following packages were found in following modules:

Package          Module or Repository
                   SUSEConnect Activation Command
--------------- ----------------------------------------------------------------
------------------ -------------------------------------------------------------
java-11-openjdk  Basesystem Module (sle-module-basesystem/15.4/x86_64)
                   SUSEConnect --product sle-module-basesystem/15.4/x86_64
nodejs14         Web and Scripting Module (sle-module-web-scripting/15.4/x86_64)
                   SUSEConnect --product sle-module-web-scripting/15.4/x86_64
[...]

> zypper search-packages -x vim
Following packages were found in following modules:

Package  Module or Repository
           SUSEConnect Activation Command
--- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
---------- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
vim Basesystem Module (sle-module-basesystem/15.4/x86_64)
      SUSEConnect --product sle-module-basesystem/15.4/x86_64
vim Installed
vim Available in repo Basesystem_Module_15_SP4_x86_64:SLE-Module-Basesystem15-SP4-Pool
vim Available in repo Basesystem_Module_15_SP4_x86_64:SLE-Module-Basesystem15-SP4-Updates

> zypper search-packages -x emacs
Following packages were found in following modules:

Package Module or Repository
          SUSEConnect Activation Command
----- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
--------- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
emacs Basesystem Module (sle-module-basesystem/15.4/x86_64)
        SUSEConnect --product sle-module-basesystem/15.4/x86_64
emacs Available in repo Basesystem_Module_15_SP4_x86_64:SLE-Module-Basesystem15-SP4-Pool

如果不搜索软件包，您还可以查看属于某个模块或扩展的软件包列表。启动 YaST 软件管理模块，然后单击查看 › 服务。选择一项以显示属于此模块或扩展的软件包列表。

版权所有 © 2006– 2024 SUSE LLC 和贡献者。保留所有权利。

根据 GNU 自由文档许可证 (GNU Free Documentation License) 版本 1.2 或（根据您的选择）版本 1.3 中的条款，在此授予您复制、分发和/或修改本文档的权限；本版权声明和许可证附带不可变部分。许可版本 1.2 的副本包含在题为“GNU Free Documentation License”的部分。

有关 SUSE 商标，请参见 https://www.suse.com/company/legal/。所有其他第三方商标分别为相应所有者的财产。商标符号（®、™ 等）代表 SUSE 及其关联公司的商标。星号 (*) 代表第三方商标。

本指南力求涵盖所有细节，但这不能确保本指南准确无误。SUSE LLC 及其关联公司、作者和译者对于可能出现的错误或由此造成的后果皆不承担责任。

Copyright (C) 2000, 2001, 2002 Free Software Foundation, Inc. 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA. Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies of this license document, but changing it is not allowed.

The purpose of this License is to make a manual, textbook, or other functional and useful document "free" in the sense of freedom: to assure everyone the effective freedom to copy and redistribute it, with or without modifying it, either commercially or non-commercially. Secondarily, this License preserves for the author and publisher a way to get credit for their work, while not being considered responsible for modifications made by others.

This License is a kind of "copyleft", which means that derivative works of the document must themselves be free in the same sense. It complements the GNU General Public License, which is a copyleft license designed for free software.

We have designed this License to use it for manuals for free software, because free software needs free documentation: a free program should come with manuals providing the same freedoms that the software does. But this License is not limited to software manuals; it can be used for any textual work, regardless of subject matter or whether it is published as a printed book. We recommend this License principally for works whose purpose is instruction or reference.

This License applies to any manual or other work, in any medium, that contains a notice placed by the copyright holder saying it can be distributed under the terms of this License. Such a notice grants a world-wide, royalty-free license, unlimited in duration, to use that work under the conditions stated herein. The "Document", below, refers to any such manual or work. Any member of the public is a licensee, and is addressed as "you". You accept the license if you copy, modify or distribute the work in a way requiring permission under copyright law.

A "Modified Version" of the Document means any work containing the Document or a portion of it, either copied verbatim, or with modifications and/or translated into another language.

A "Secondary Section" is a named appendix or a front-matter section of the Document that deals exclusively with the relationship of the publishers or authors of the Document to the Document's overall subject (or to related matters) and contains nothing that could fall directly within that overall subject. (Thus, if the Document is in part a textbook of mathematics, a Secondary Section may not explain any mathematics.) The relationship could be a matter of historical connection with the subject or with related matters, or of legal, commercial, philosophical, ethical or political position regarding them.

The "Invariant Sections" are certain Secondary Sections whose titles are designated, as being those of Invariant Sections, in the notice that says that the Document is released under this License. If a section does not fit the above definition of Secondary then it is not allowed to be designated as Invariant. The Document may contain zero Invariant Sections. If the Document does not identify any Invariant Sections then there are none.

The "Cover Texts" are certain short passages of text that are listed, as Front-Cover Texts or Back-Cover Texts, in the notice that says that the Document is released under this License. A Front-Cover Text may be at most 5 words, and a Back-Cover Text may be at most 25 words.

A "Transparent" copy of the Document means a machine-readable copy, represented in a format whose specification is available to the general public, that is suitable for revising the document straightforwardly with generic text editors or (for images composed of pixels) generic paint programs or (for drawings) some widely available drawing editor, and that is suitable for input to text formatters or for automatic translation to a variety of formats suitable for input to text formatters. A copy made in an otherwise Transparent file format whose markup, or absence of markup, has been arranged to thwart or discourage subsequent modification by readers is not Transparent. An image format is not Transparent if used for any substantial amount of text. A copy that is not "Transparent" is called "Opaque".

Examples of suitable formats for Transparent copies include plain ASCII without markup, Texinfo input format, LaTeX input format, SGML or XML using a publicly available DTD, and standard-conforming simple HTML, PostScript or PDF designed for human modification. Examples of transparent image formats include PNG, XCF and JPG. Opaque formats include proprietary formats that can be read and edited only by proprietary word processors, SGML or XML for which the DTD and/or processing tools are not generally available, and the machine-generated HTML, PostScript or PDF produced by some word processors for output purposes only.

The "Title Page" means, for a printed book, the title page itself, plus such following pages as are needed to hold, legibly, the material this License requires to appear in the title page. For works in formats which do not have any title page as such, "Title Page" means the text near the most prominent appearance of the work's title, preceding the beginning of the body of the text.

A section "Entitled XYZ" means a named subunit of the Document whose title either is precisely XYZ or contains XYZ in parentheses following text that translates XYZ in another language. (Here XYZ stands for a specific section name mentioned below, such as "Acknowledgements", "Dedications", "Endorsements", or "History".) To "Preserve the Title" of such a section when you modify the Document means that it remains a section "Entitled XYZ" according to this definition.

The Document may include Warranty Disclaimers next to the notice which states that this License applies to the Document. These Warranty Disclaimers are considered to be included by reference in this License, but only as regards disclaiming warranties: any other implication that these Warranty Disclaimers may have is void and has no effect on the meaning of this License.

You may copy and distribute the Document in any medium, either commercially or non-commercially, provided that this License, the copyright notices, and the license notice saying this License applies to the Document are reproduced in all copies, and that you add no other conditions whatsoever to those of this License. You may not use technical measures to obstruct or control the reading or further copying of the copies you make or distribute. However, you may accept compensation in exchange for copies. If you distribute a large enough number of copies you must also follow the conditions in section 3.

You may also lend copies, under the same conditions stated above, and you may publicly display copies.

If you publish printed copies (or copies in media that commonly have printed covers) of the Document, numbering more than 100, and the Document's license notice requires Cover Texts, you must enclose the copies in covers that carry, clearly and legibly, all these Cover Texts: Front-Cover Texts on the front cover, and Back-Cover Texts on the back cover. Both covers must also clearly and legibly identify you as the publisher of these copies. The front cover must present the full title with all words of the title equally prominent and visible. You may add other material on the covers in addition. Copying with changes limited to the covers, as long as they preserve the title of the Document and satisfy these conditions, can be treated as verbatim copying in other respects.

If the required texts for either cover are too voluminous to fit legibly, you should put the first ones listed (as many as fit reasonably) on the actual cover, and continue the rest onto adjacent pages.

If you publish or distribute Opaque copies of the Document numbering more than 100, you must either include a machine-readable Transparent copy along with each Opaque copy, or state in or with each Opaque copy a computer-network location from which the general network-using public has access to download using public-standard network protocols a complete Transparent copy of the Document, free of added material. If you use the latter option, you must take reasonably prudent steps, when you begin distribution of Opaque copies in quantity, to ensure that this Transparent copy will remain thus accessible at the stated location until at least one year after the last time you distribute an Opaque copy (directly or through your agents or retailers) of that edition to the public.

It is requested, but not required, that you contact the authors of the Document well before redistributing any large number of copies, to give them a chance to provide you with an updated version of the Document.

You may copy and distribute a Modified Version of the Document under the conditions of sections 2 and 3 above, provided that you release the Modified Version under precisely this License, with the Modified Version filling the role of the Document, thus licensing distribution and modification of the Modified Version to whoever possesses a copy of it. In addition, you must do these things in the Modified Version:

If the Modified Version includes new front-matter sections or appendices that qualify as Secondary Sections and contain no material copied from the Document, you may at your option designate some or all of these sections as invariant. To do this, add their titles to the list of Invariant Sections in the Modified Version's license notice. These titles must be distinct from any other section titles.

You may add a section Entitled "Endorsements", provided it contains nothing but endorsements of your Modified Version by various parties--for example, statements of peer review or that the text has been approved by an organization as the authoritative definition of a standard.

You may add a passage of up to five words as a Front-Cover Text, and a passage of up to 25 words as a Back-Cover Text, to the end of the list of Cover Texts in the Modified Version. Only one passage of Front-Cover Text and one of Back-Cover Text may be added by (or through arrangements made by) any one entity. If the Document already includes a cover text for the same cover, previously added by you or by arrangement made by the same entity you are acting on behalf of, you may not add another; but you may replace the old one, on explicit permission from the previous publisher that added the old one.

The author(s) and publisher(s) of the Document do not by this License give permission to use their names for publicity for or to assert or imply endorsement of any Modified Version.

You may combine the Document with other documents released under this License, under the terms defined in section 4 above for modified versions, provided that you include in the combination all of the Invariant Sections of all of the original documents, unmodified, and list them all as Invariant Sections of your combined work in its license notice, and that you preserve all their Warranty Disclaimers.

The combined work need only contain one copy of this License, and multiple identical Invariant Sections may be replaced with a single copy. If there are multiple Invariant Sections with the same name but different contents, make the title of each such section unique by adding at the end of it, in parentheses, the name of the original author or publisher of that section if known, or else a unique number. Make the same adjustment to the section titles in the list of Invariant Sections in the license notice of the combined work.

In the combination, you must combine any sections Entitled "History" in the various original documents, forming one section Entitled "History"; likewise combine any sections Entitled "Acknowledgements", and any sections Entitled "Dedications". You must delete all sections Entitled "Endorsements".

You may make a collection consisting of the Document and other documents released under this License, and replace the individual copies of this License in the various documents with a single copy that is included in the collection, provided that you follow the rules of this License for verbatim copying of each of the documents in all other respects.

You may extract a single document from such a collection, and distribute it individually under this License, provided you insert a copy of this License into the extracted document, and follow this License in all other respects regarding verbatim copying of that document.

A compilation of the Document or its derivatives with other separate and independent documents or works, in or on a volume of a storage or distribution medium, is called an "aggregate" if the copyright resulting from the compilation is not used to limit the legal rights of the compilation's users beyond what the individual works permit. When the Document is included in an aggregate, this License does not apply to the other works in the aggregate which are not themselves derivative works of the Document.

If the Cover Text requirement of section 3 is applicable to these copies of the Document, then if the Document is less than one half of the entire aggregate, the Document's Cover Texts may be placed on covers that bracket the Document within the aggregate, or the electronic equivalent of covers if the Document is in electronic form. Otherwise they must appear on printed covers that bracket the whole aggregate.

Translation is considered a kind of modification, so you may distribute translations of the Document under the terms of section 4. Replacing Invariant Sections with translations requires special permission from their copyright holders, but you may include translations of some or all Invariant Sections in addition to the original versions of these Invariant Sections. You may include a translation of this License, and all the license notices in the Document, and any Warranty Disclaimers, provided that you also include the original English version of this License and the original versions of those notices and disclaimers. In case of a disagreement between the translation and the original version of this License or a notice or disclaimer, the original version will prevail.

If a section in the Document is Entitled "Acknowledgements", "Dedications", or "History", the requirement (section 4) to Preserve its Title (section 1) will typically require changing the actual title.

You may not copy, modify, sublicense, or distribute the Document except as expressly provided for under this License. Any other attempt to copy, modify, sublicense or distribute the Document is void, and will automatically terminate your rights under this License. However, parties who have received copies, or rights, from you under this License will not have their licenses terminated so long as such parties remain in full compliance.

The Free Software Foundation may publish new, revised versions of the GNU Free Documentation License from time to time. Such new versions will be similar in spirit to the present version, but may differ in detail to address new problems or concerns. See https://www.gnu.org/copyleft/.

Each version of the License is given a distinguishing version number. If the Document specifies that a particular numbered version of this License "or any later version" applies to it, you have the option of following the terms and conditions either of that specified version or of any later version that has been published (not as a draft) by the Free Software Foundation. If the Document does not specify a version number of this License, you may choose any version ever published (not as a draft) by the Free Software Foundation.

Copyright (c) YEAR YOUR NAME.
Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document
under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2
or any later version published by the Free Software Foundation;
with no Invariant Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.
A copy of the license is included in the section entitled “GNU
Free Documentation License”.

If you have Invariant Sections, Front-Cover Texts and Back-Cover Texts, replace the “with...Texts.” line with this:

with the Invariant Sections being LIST THEIR TITLES, with the
Front-Cover Texts being LIST, and with the Back-Cover Texts being LIST.

If you have Invariant Sections without Cover Texts, or some other combination of the three, merge those two alternatives to suit the situation.

If your document contains nontrivial examples of program code, we recommend releasing these examples in parallel under your choice of free software license, such as the GNU General Public License, to permit their use in free software.