模块和扩展快速入门

从 SUSE Linux Enterprise Server 15 开始，安装媒体仅包含统一安装程序：一个用于部署、更新和注册 SUSE Linux Enterprise 的精简系统。在部署期间，您可以通过选择要在统一安装程序的基础上安装的模块和扩展来添加功能。

从技术上讲，模块和扩展非常类似。可以使用 YaST 或命令行工具 SUSEConnect 管理两者。模块和扩展都会添加一组包含所有必要软件包的联机储存库（main、update、source、debug）。此外，它们都可添加可以在部署期间选择的分区建议和系统角色。

不过，模块和扩展之间也存在一些重大差异：

SUSE Linux Enterprise 产品系列中提供下列模块和扩展：

请注意，可用性视产品而定。并非所有模块和扩展都可用于所有产品。有些模块包含在一个产品中，但也可以用作另一个产品的扩展。

2.3 Confidential Computing Technology Preview #

 

该模块包含一个安全虚拟机服务模块 (SVSM)，旨在为机密虚拟机 (CVM) 上的 Guest 操作系统提供安全服务和设备模拟功能。

重要：技术预览

该模块为技术预览，不受支持。其生命周期和支持选项将在后续阶段确定。

注意：需要 AMD SEV

SVSM 需要使用具有安全嵌套分页功能的 AMD 安全加密虚拟化 (AMD SEV) 技术，仅适用于 AMD 系统。

• 依赖项：Server Applications

• 适用于：AMD64/Intel 64 上的 SLES

• 生命周期：直到 SLE 15 SP7 发布

• 扩展支持：无

• 支持级别：此模块为技术预览，不受支持。

2.11 NVIDIA Compute #

 

此模块包含 NVIDIA CUDA（Compute Unified Device Architecture，统一计算设备架构）驱动程序。此模块中的软件由 NVIDIA 按照 CUDA End User License Agreement 提供，SUSE 不提供其相关支持。

提示：导入第三方 GPG 密钥

由于此模块由第三方提供，系统无法识别储存库的 GPG 密钥。要激活该模块并使用 SUSEConnect 导入密钥，请使用 --gpg-auto-import-keys 选项：

suseconnect -p sle-module-NVIDIA-compute/15/x86_64 --gpg-auto-import-keys

或者，可以使用 yast registration 激活该模块，或者在安装过程中激活。

重要：不支持将 Workstation Extension 和 NVIDIA Compute module 结合使用

Workstation Extension 为 NVIDIA 显卡提供驱动程序。这些驱动程序与 CUDA 共用某些软件包，但它们的版本可能不同。因此，既不建议也不支持同时启用 NVIDIA Compute Module和 Workstation Extension。

• 依赖项：Basesystem

• 可用性：AMD64/Intel 64 和 AArch64 上的 SLES

• 支持：此模块中的软件由 NVIDIA 提供，SUSE 不提供相关支持

2.21 Workstation Extension #

 

此扩展提供额外的桌面应用程序和库。SUSE Linux Enterprise Desktop 上默认已安装该扩展。通过在 SUSE Linux Enterprise Server 安装中添加 Workstation Extension，您可以将这两个产品无缝融合，以创建功能完备的服务器工作站。有关详细信息，请参见 https://www.suse.com/products/workstation-extension。

警告：不支持的内核模块

Workstation Extension 会安装 kernel-default-extra 软件包，该软件包包含用于桌面用途的其他内核模块，并可用于加载不受支持的模块。如果加载了这些模块，它们可能会影响您的 SLE 支持状态。

请评估您的硬件是否确实需要其他内核模块，如果需要，请测试此扩展驱动程序集以及 kernel-default 软件包中的默认驱动程序集是否可能存在配置冲突。

要阻止安装 kernel-default-extra 软件包，请运行 zypper addlock kernel-default-extra。

• 依赖项：Basesystem、Desktop

• 可用性：SLES、SLED（默认）、SLES for SAP

• 生命周期：10 年

• 扩展支持：无

• 级别：混合的 L2/L3（取决于软件包）

在最初设置系统时以及在已安装的现有 SUSE Linux Enterprise Server 系统上可以安装模块和扩展。

3.2 使用 YaST 安装模块和扩展 #

 

要从正在运行的系统安装模块和扩展，您需要确保系统已在 SUSE Customer Center 或本地注册服务器中注册。如果您在安装期间未注册系统，请参考第 10.3 节 “从安装的系统注册”中的相关说明。

注意：查看已安装的附加产品

要查看已安装的附加产品，请启动 YaST 并选择软件 › 附加产品。

过程 1︰ 使用 YaST 通过联机通道安装附加产品和扩展 #

 

1. 启动 YaST，然后选择软件 › 系统扩展。YaST 将连接到注册服务器并显示可用的扩展和模块列表。

   
   

   注意：可用扩展和模块

   可用扩展和模块数视注册服务器而定。本地注册服务器可能只提供更新储存库，而不提供其他扩展。

2. 单击一项可查看其说明。

3. 要添加模块或扩展，请选择您要安装的所有组件。请注意，需要为所有扩展提供付费购买的附加注册代码。

4. 单击下一步继续。

5. 根据您为扩展或模块添加的储存库，系统可能会提示您导入储存库的 GPG 密钥，或者要求您同意许可条款。

6. YaST 软件包管理器将会打开，以安装每个模块的 release 软件包；根据您所选的模块和扩展，它还会安装其他软件包。强烈建议不要取消选择系统预先选择的任何软件包；不过，您可以添加其他的软件包。

   依次选择接受和完成以完成该过程。

7. 如果需要，请根据第 8.4.2 节 “管理储存库属性”中所述调整储存库的属性。

提示：模块依赖项

软件包可能需要依赖其他软件包才能正常运行，而模块与此类似，它们也可能依赖于其他模块。如果存在这种情况，系统会自动选择安装所依赖的模块。

3.4 使用 YaST 删除模块和扩展 #

 

1. 启动 YaST › 软件 › 附加产品。

   

2. 选择要去除的模块或扩展，然后单击删除。当有警告指出将要去除选定组件中的所有软件包时，请确认删除。

3. YaST 软件管理器此时将会打开，并列出已删除的模块或扩展中所有已安装的包。单击接受以去除所有这些软件包。强烈建议您去除不想要的软件包，因为对于已删除的模块或扩展中的软件包，系统不再提供其更新。如果您保留软件包，请务必至少去除每个已删除的模块或扩展的 *-release 软件包。

   依次单击接受和确定以继续。

警告：删除模块

请注意，切勿删除 Basesystem 模块。另外，建议不要删除 Server Applications 模块。

警告：系统不会为来自已删除模块和扩展的软件包提供更新

如果您选择保留已删除模块或扩展中的软件包，将不再会收到这些软件包的更新。因为这些更新包括安全修复，保留此类软件包可能会给系统带来安全风险。

3.5 使用 SUSEConnect 添加或删除模块和扩展 #

 

1. 运行 SUSEConnect --list-extensions 获取可用扩展的概览：

   > sudo SUSEConnect --list-extensions
   AVAILABLE EXTENSIONS AND MODULES
   
       Basesystem Module 15 SP6 x86_64 (Activated)
       Deactivate with: SUSEConnect -d -p sle-module-basesystem/15.6/x86_64
   
           Containers Module 15 SP6 x86_64
           Activate with: SUSEConnect -p sle-module-containers/15.6/x86_64
   
           Desktop Applications Module 15 SP6 x86_64
           Activate with: SUSEConnect -p sle-module-desktop-applications/15.6/x86_64
   
               Development Tools Module 15 SP6 x86_64
               Activate with: SUSEConnect -p sle-module-development-tools/15.6/x86_64
   
                   NVIDIA Compute Module 15 x86_64
                   Activate with: SUSEConnect -p sle-module-NVIDIA-compute/15/x86_64
   
               SUSE Linux Enterprise Workstation Extension 15 SP6 x86_64
               Activate with: SUSEConnect -p sle-we/15.6/x86_64 -r ADDITIONAL REGCODE
   
           Python 3 Module 15 SP6 x86_64
           Activate with: SUSEConnect -p sle-module-python3/15.6/x86_64
   
           SUSE Linux Enterprise Live Patching 15 SP6 x86_64
           Activate with: SUSEConnect -p sle-module-live-patching/15.6/x86_64 -r ADDITIONAL REGCODE
   
           SUSE Package Hub 15 SP6 x86_64
           Activate with: SUSEConnect -p PackageHub/15.6/x86_64
   
           Server Applications Module 15 SP6 x86_64 (Activated)
           Deactivate with: SUSEConnect -d -p sle-module-server-applications/15.6/x86_64
   
               Legacy Module 15 SP6 x86_64
               Activate with: SUSEConnect -p sle-module-legacy/15.6/x86_64
   
               Public Cloud Module 15 SP6 x86_64
               Activate with: SUSEConnect -p sle-module-public-cloud/15.6/x86_64
   
               SUSE Linux Enterprise High Availability Extension 15 SP6 x86_64
               Activate with: SUSEConnect -p sle-ha/15.6/x86_64 -r ADDITIONAL REGCODE
   
               Web and Scripting Module 15 SP6 x86_64
               Activate with: SUSEConnect -p sle-module-web-scripting/15.6/x86_64
   
           Transactional Server Module 15 SP6 x86_64
           Activate with: SUSEConnect -p sle-module-transactional-server/15.6/x86_64
   
       Certifications Module 15 SP6 x86_64
       Activate with: SUSEConnect -p sle-module-certifications/15.6/x86_64
   
   
   REMARKS
   
   (Not available) The module/extension is not enabled on your RMT/SMT
   (Activated)     The module/extension is activated on your system
   
   MORE INFORMATION
   
   You can find more information about available modules here:
   https://www.suse.com/documentation/sles-15/singlehtml/art_modules/art_modules.html

2. 运行用于激活/停用模块或扩展的命令列表中的命令，以添加或删除组件。请注意，添加扩展需要提供付费购买的附加注册代码。

警告：删除模块

请注意，切勿删除 Basesystem 模块。另外，建议不要删除 Server Applications 模块。

重要：不会自动安装或去除软件包

SUSEConnect 只会添加或去除模块和扩展。它会注册或取消注册组件，以及启用或禁用组件的储存库，但不会安装或去除任何软件包。如果您希望系统自动完成此类操作，请使用 YaST 来管理模块和扩展。

添加模块或扩展时，SUSEConnect 不会安装默认软件包或软件集。要手动执行此类操作，请使用 Zypper 或 YaST › 软件管理。

删除模块或扩展时，SUSEConnect 不会执行清理。模块或扩展中的软件包仍会安装在系统上，但不再从储存库更新。要列出这些“孤立的”软件包，请运行 zypper packages --orphaned。要去除一个或多个软件包，请运行 zypper remove PACKAGE [ANOTHER_PACKAGE]。或者，可以使用 YaST › 软件管理，然后使用视图 › 软件包分类 › 孤立的软件包列出和删除孤立的软件包。

警告：系统不会为来自已删除模块和扩展的软件包提供更新

如果您选择保留已删除模块或扩展中的软件包，将不再会收到这些软件包的更新。因为这些更新包括安全修复，保留此类软件包可能会给系统带来安全风险。

默认情况下，用于搜索软件包的工具（YaST 软件管理或 zypper search）被限制为仅可在已激活的储存库中搜索。要将搜索范围扩展到尚未激活的远程储存库，您可以运行以下命令：

zypper search-packages PACKAGE

提示：在 SUSE Customer Center 中搜索软件包

您还可以在 SUSE Customer Center Web 界面（网址为 https://scc.suse.com/packages）中搜索软件包及其相应模块。此服务不需要登录 SUSE。

zypper search-packages 提供了以下选项供您细化搜索结果：

下面是如何使用 zypper search-packages 的一些示例。

> zypper search-packages openjdk nodejs
Following packages were found in following modules:

Package          Module or Repository
                    SUSEConnect Activation Command
--------------- ----------------------------------------------------------------
------------------ -------------------------------------------------------------
java-11-openjdk  Basesystem Module (sle-module-basesystem/15.4/x86_64)
                    SUSEConnect --product sle-module-basesystem/15.4/x86_64
java-17-openjdk  Basesystem Module (sle-module-basesystem/15.4/x86_64)
                    SUSEConnect --product sle-module-basesystem/15.4/x86_64
nodejs14         Web and Scripting Module (sle-module-web-scripting/15.4/x86_64)
                    SUSEConnect --product sle-module-web-scripting/15.4/x86_64
nodejs16         Web and Scripting Module (sle-module-web-scripting/15.4/x86_64)
                    SUSEConnect --product sle-module-web-scripting/15.4/x86_64
[...]

> zypper search-packages -x java-11-openjdk nodejs14
Following packages were found in following modules:

Package          Module or Repository
                   SUSEConnect Activation Command
--------------- ----------------------------------------------------------------
------------------ -------------------------------------------------------------
java-11-openjdk  Basesystem Module (sle-module-basesystem/15.4/x86_64)
                   SUSEConnect --product sle-module-basesystem/15.4/x86_64
nodejs14         Web and Scripting Module (sle-module-web-scripting/15.4/x86_64)
                   SUSEConnect --product sle-module-web-scripting/15.4/x86_64
[...]

> zypper search-packages -x vim
Following packages were found in following modules:

Package  Module or Repository
           SUSEConnect Activation Command
--- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
---------- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
vim Basesystem Module (sle-module-basesystem/15.4/x86_64)
      SUSEConnect --product sle-module-basesystem/15.4/x86_64
vim Installed
vim Available in repo Basesystem_Module_15_SP4_x86_64:SLE-Module-Basesystem15-SP4-Pool
vim Available in repo Basesystem_Module_15_SP4_x86_64:SLE-Module-Basesystem15-SP4-Updates

> zypper search-packages -x emacs
Following packages were found in following modules:

Package Module or Repository
          SUSEConnect Activation Command
----- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
--------- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
emacs Basesystem Module (sle-module-basesystem/15.4/x86_64)
        SUSEConnect --product sle-module-basesystem/15.4/x86_64
emacs Available in repo Basesystem_Module_15_SP4_x86_64:SLE-Module-Basesystem15-SP4-Pool

如果不搜索软件包，您还可以查看属于某个模块或扩展的软件包列表。启动 YaST 软件管理模块，然后单击查看 › 服务。选择一项以显示属于此模块或扩展的软件包列表。

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In the combination, you must combine any sections Entitled "History" in the various original documents, forming one section Entitled "History"; likewise combine any sections Entitled "Acknowledgements", and any sections Entitled "Dedications". You must delete all sections Entitled "Endorsements".

You may make a collection consisting of the Document and other documents released under this License, and replace the individual copies of this License in the various documents with a single copy that is included in the collection, provided that you follow the rules of this License for verbatim copying of each of the documents in all other respects.

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If the Cover Text requirement of section 3 is applicable to these copies of the Document, then if the Document is less than one half of the entire aggregate, the Document's Cover Texts may be placed on covers that bracket the Document within the aggregate, or the electronic equivalent of covers if the Document is in electronic form. Otherwise they must appear on printed covers that bracket the whole aggregate.

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If a section in the Document is Entitled "Acknowledgements", "Dedications", or "History", the requirement (section 4) to Preserve its Title (section 1) will typically require changing the actual title.

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Each version of the License is given a distinguishing version number. If the Document specifies that a particular numbered version of this License "or any later version" applies to it, you have the option of following the terms and conditions either of that specified version or of any later version that has been published (not as a draft) by the Free Software Foundation. If the Document does not specify a version number of this License, you may choose any version ever published (not as a draft) by the Free Software Foundation.

Copyright (c) YEAR YOUR NAME.
Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document
under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2
or any later version published by the Free Software Foundation;
with no Invariant Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.
A copy of the license is included in the section entitled “GNU
Free Documentation License”.

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If you have Invariant Sections without Cover Texts, or some other combination of the three, merge those two alternatives to suit the situation.

If your document contains nontrivial examples of program code, we recommend releasing these examples in parallel under your choice of free software license, such as the GNU General Public License, to permit their use in free software.