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documentation.suse.com / SUSE Linux Enterprise Server 文档 / Quick Start Manuals / 安装快速入门
SUSE Linux Enterprise Server 12 SP5

安装快速入门

SUSE Linux Enterprise Server 12 SP5

出版日期: December 11, 2023

列出系统要求,并指导您从 DVD 或 ISO 映像逐步安装 SUSE Linux Enterprise Server

按照以下过程安装新版 SUSE® Linux Enterprise Server 12 SP5。本文简要介绍了如何使用默认配置安装适用于 AMD64/Intel 64 体系结构的 SUSE Linux Enterprise Server

1 欢迎安装 SUSE Linux Enterprise Server

有关更详细的安装指导和部署策略,请参见 上的 SUSE Linux Enterprise Serverhttps://documentation.suse.com/ 文档。

1.1 最低系统要求

  • 任何 AMD64/Intel* EM64T 处理器(不支持 32 位处理器)

  • 512 MB 物理 RAM(建议 1 GB 或更多)

  • 3.5 GB 可用磁盘空间(建议更多)

  • 800 x 600 显示器分辨率(建议 1024 x 768 或以上)

1.2 安装 SUSE Linux Enterprise Server

如果计算机上没有安装 Linux 系统或要替换现有的 Linux 系统,请遵循这些指导。

  1. SUSE Linux Enterprise Server DVD 插入驱动器,然后重引导计算机以启动安装程序。在使用传统 BIOS 的计算机上,您会看到如下所示的图形引导屏幕。在配有 UEFI 的计算机上,将使用略有不同的引导屏幕。UEFI 计算机支持安全引导。

    F2 可更改安装程序的语言。系统会自动选择相应的键盘布局。有关更改引导选项的更多信息,请参见第 6.2.2.1 节 “配有传统 BIOS 的计算机上的引导屏幕”第 6.2.2.2 节 “配有 UEFI 的计算机上的引导屏幕”

    Image
  2. 在引导屏幕中选择安装,然后按 Enter 键。这会引导系统并装载 SUSE Linux Enterprise Server 安装程序。

  3. 语言键盘布局会根据您在引导屏幕上选择的语言设置进行初始化。如果需要,可以在此处更改它们。

    阅读许可协议。此内容以您在引导屏幕上选择的语言显示。我们提供了许可证译文版本。您需要选中我接受许可证条款接受该协议,才能安装 SUSE Linux Enterprise Server。单击下一步继续。

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  4. 随后会进行系统分析,在此过程中,安装程序会探测储存设备,并尝试查找其他安装的系统。如果在启动安装系统时无法自动配置网络,网络设置对话框将会打开。

    至少已有一个网络接口已配置完毕后,您才能将您的系统注册到 SUSE Customer Center (SCC)。输入与您的 SCC 帐户关联的电子邮件地址以及 SUSE Linux Enterprise Server 的注册代码。成功注册产品是您获取产品更新和有权获得技术支持的前提。单击下一步继续。

    Image
    提示
    提示:在安装时安装产品增补程序

    如果 SUSE Linux Enterprise Server 已成功注册到 SUSE Customer Center,系统会在安装期间询问您是否安装最新的可用联机更新。如果您选择,最新的包将随系统一起安装,如此便不必在安装后应用更新。建议激活此选项。

    注意
    注意:发行说明

    从此步骤开始,可以通过选择发行说明在安装过程中的任一屏幕上查看发行说明。

  5. 系统成功注册后,YaST 会列出 SUSE Customer Center 上可用于 SUSE Linux Enterprise Server 的模块和扩展。该列表包含免费模块(如 SUSE Linux Enterprise SDK)或需要付费购买注册密钥的扩展。单击一项可查看其说明。(选择性)您可以激活某个模块或扩展的选中标记来选择安装它。单击下一步继续。

    扩展选择
  6. 附加产品对话框可让您向 SUSE Linux Enterprise Server 添加不是由 SUSE Customer Center 提供的其他软件源(即储存库)。此类附加产品可以包括第三方产品和驱动程序,或适用于您系统的其他软件。

    提示
    提示:在安装过程中添加驱动程序

    您还可以通过附加产品对话框添加驱动程序更新储存库。http://drivers.suse.com/ 上会提供 SUSE Linux Enterprise 的驱动程序更新。这些驱动程序已通过 SUSE SolidDriver Program 创建。

    如果要跳过此步骤,请单击下一步继续。否则,请激活我要安装附加产品。请指定媒体类型、本地路径或托管储存库的网络资源,然后按照屏幕上的指导操作。

    选中下载安装源描述文件可立即下载用于描述安装源的文件。如果不激活,系统将在安装启动后下载它们。单击下一步继续,并根据需要插入媒体。根据产品内容,可能必须接受附加许可协议。单击下一步继续。如果您选择安装需要注册密钥的附加产品,在扩展和模块注册代码页面,您将需要输入注册密钥。

    Image
  7. 选择最符合您要求的系统角色。为物理计算机或虚拟 Guest 选择默认系统。对于可以运行其他虚拟机的虚拟化主机,请选择 KVM 虚拟化主机XEN 虚拟化主机

    Image
  8. 查看系统建议的分区设置。如果需要,可以更改它们。您可以选择以下选项:

    编辑建议设置

    可让您更改建议设置的选项,而非建议的分区布局本身。

    创建分区设置

    选择要应用建议的磁盘。

    专家分区程序

    打开专家分区程序,如第 12.1 节 “使用 YaST 分区程序”中所述。

    要接受建议的设置而不做任何改动,请选择下一步继续。

    Image
  9. 选择系统使用的时钟和时区。要手动调整时间或配置 NTP 服务器以保持时间的同步,请选择其他设置。有关详细信息,请参见第 6.12 节 “时钟和时区”。单击下一步继续。

    Image
  10. 要创建本地用户,请在用户的完整名称字段中输入姓氏和名称,在用户名字段中输入登录名,在口令字段中输入口令。

    口令至少为 8 个字符,而且应包含大小写字母及数字。口令最长为 72 个字符,区分大小写。

    出于安全考虑,强烈建议您不要启用自动登录。此外,也不应 对系统管理员使用此口令,而应在安装的下一步中提供一个单独的 root 口令。单击下一步继续。

    Image
  11. 输入系统管理员帐户(称为 root 用户)的口令。

    千万不要忘记 root 口令!您在此处输入之后,就不能检索该口令。有关详细信息,请参见第 6.14 节 “系统管理员 root 的密码”。单击下一步继续。

    Image
  12. 使用安装设置屏幕查看并根据需要更改若干建议的安装设置。每个设置的当前配置都在此处列出。要进行更改,请单击标题。有些设置(如防火墙或 SSH)可以直接通过单击相应链接更改。

    提示
    提示:远程访问

    此处可更改的设置也可以日后在安装的系统中加以更改。不过,如果您在安装后需要马上进行远程访问,此时应根据需要调整安全性设置。

    软件

    默认的软件范围包括基本系统和带有 GNOME 桌面的 X Window。单击软件会打开软件选择和系统任务屏幕,您可在此处选择或取消选择某些模式来更改软件选择。每个模式都包含特定功能(例如,Web 和 LAMP 服务器或打印服务器)所需的几个软件包。如果想查看要安装软件包的更为详细的选择,请选择细节切换到 YaST 软件管理器。有关详细信息,请参见第 13 章 “安装或删除软件

    引导

    此部分显示引导加载程序配置。建议您仅在确实需要时才更改默认设置。有关详细信息,请参见第 12 章 “引导加载程序 GRUB 2

    安全性

    CPU 缓解措施是指为防御 CPU 边信道攻击而部署的软件缓解措施对应的内核引导命令行参数。单击高亮显示的条目可选择其他选项。有关细节,请参见CPU 缓解措施

    默认情况下,系统会对为外部区域配置的活动网络接口启用防火墙。有关配置细节,请参见Section 16.4, “SuSEfirewall2”

    SSH 服务默认处于禁用状态,其端口 (22) 也会关闭。因此,默认情况下,您无法进行远程登录。单击启用并打开可切换这些设置。

    Kdump

    如果发生内核崩溃,Kdump 可将内存映像(内核转储)保存到文件系统中。如此,您便可以通过调试转储文件来查找崩溃原因。Kdump 已预先配置好,默认处于启用状态。有关详细信息,请参见Section 17.7, “Basic Kdump Configuration”

    默认 Systemd 目标和服务

    默认情况下,系统会引导至图形目标,具有联网、多用户和显示管理器支持。如果您不需要通过显示管理器登录,请切换到多用户

    系统

    单击系统可查看详细的硬件信息。在随后显示的屏幕中,还可以更改内核设置,有关更多信息,请参见第 6.15.8 节 “系统信息

    Image
  13. 安装设置屏幕上确定了系统配置后,单击安装。根据您做的软件选择,您可能需要同意许可协议,安装确认屏幕才会弹出。到目前为止,我们还未对您的系统进行任何更改。当您再次单击安装后,安装过程即会开始。

    Image
  14. 安装期间,细节选项卡中会显示详细的安装进度。

    Image
  15. 安装例程完成后,计算机会重引导至安装的系统。登录并启动 YaST 以微调系统。如果您使用的不是图形桌面或者正通过远程方式工作,请参考第 5 章 “文本方式的 YaST获得有关从终端使用 YaST 的信息。

2 法律声明

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根据 GNU 自由文档许可证 (GNU Free Documentation License) 版本 1.2 或(根据您的选择)版本 1.3 中的条款,在此授予您复制、分发和/或修改本文档的许可权限;本版权声明和许可证附带不可变部分。许可证版本 1.2 的副本包含在题为GNU 自由文档许可证的部分。

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本指南力求涵盖所有详细信息。但这并不确保本指南准确无误。SUSE LLC 及其附属公司、作者和译者对于可能出现的错误或由此造成的后果皆不承担责任。

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Copyright (c) YEAR YOUR NAME.
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