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documentation.suse.com / SUSE Linux Enterprise Server-Dokumentation / Virtualization Guide / Configuring GPU Pass-Through for NVIDIA cards
Applies to SUSE Linux Enterprise Server 15 SP5

Configuring GPU Pass-Through for NVIDIA cards

B.1 Introduction

 

This article describes how to assign an NVIDIA GPU graphics card on the host machine to a virtualized guest.

B.2 Prerequisites

 

  • GPU pass-through is supported on the AMD64/Intel 64 architecture only.

  • The host operating system needs to be SLES 12 SP3 or newer.

  • This article deals with a set of instructions based on V100/T1000 NVIDIA cards, and is meant for GPU computation purposes only.

  • Verify that you are using an NVIDIA Tesla product—Maxwell, Pascal, or Volta.

  • To manage the host system, you need an additional display card on the host that you can use when configuring the GPU pass-through, or a functional SSH environment.

B.3 Configuring the host

 

B.3.1 Verify the host environment

 

  1. Verify that the host operating system is SLES 12 SP3 or newer: 

    > cat /etc/issue
Welcome to SUSE Linux Enterprise Server 15  (x86_64) - Kernel \r (\l).

  2. Verify that the host supports VT-d technology and that it is already enabled in the firmware settings: 

    > dmesg | grep -e "Directed I/O"
[   12.819760] DMAR: Intel(R) Virtualization Technology for Directed I/O

    If VT-d is not enabled in the firmware, enable it and reboot the host.

  3. Verify that the host has an extra GPU or VGA card: 

    > lspci | grep -i "vga"
07:00.0 VGA compatible controller: Matrox Electronics Systems Ltd. \
  MGA G200e [Pilot] ServerEngines (SEP1) (rev 05)

    With a Tesla V100 card: 

    > lspci | grep -i nvidia
03:00.0 3D controller: NVIDIA Corporation GV100 [Tesla V100 PCIe] (rev a1)

    With a T1000 Mobile (available on Dell 5540): 

    > lspci | grep -i nvidia
01:00.0 3D controller: NVIDIA Corporation TU117GLM [Quadro T1000 Mobile] (rev a1)

B.3.2 Enable IOMMU

 

IOMMU is disabled by default. You need to enable it at boot time in the /etc/default/grub configuration file.

  1. For Intel-based hosts: 

    GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX="intel_iommu=on iommu=pt rd.driver.pre=vfio-pci"

    For AMD-based hosts: 

    GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX="iommu=pt amd_iommu=on rd.driver.pre=vfio-pci"

  2. When you save the modified /etc/default/grub file, re-generate the main GRUB 2 configuration file /boot/grub2/grub.cfg: 

    > sudo grub2-mkconfig -o /boot/grub2/grub.cfg

  3. Reboot the host and verify that IOMMU is enabled: 

    > dmesg |  grep -e DMAR -e IOMMU

B.3.3 Blacklist the Nouveau driver

 

To assign the NVIDIA card to a VM guest, we need to prevent the host OS from loading the built-in nouveau driver for NVIDIA GPUs. Create the file /etc/modprobe.d/60-blacklist-nouveau.conf with the following content: 

blacklist nouveau

B.3.4 Configure VFIO and isolate the GPU used for pass-through

 

  1. Find the card vendor and model IDs. Use the bus number identified in Section B.3.1, “Verify the host environment”, for example, 03:00.0: 

    > lspci -nn | grep 03:00.0
03:00.0 3D controller [0302]: NVIDIA Corporation GV100 [Tesla V100 PCIe] [10de:1db4] (rev a1)

  2. Create the file /etc/modprobe.d/vfio.conf with the following content: 

    options vfio-pci ids=10de:1db4
    Note
    Note

    Verify that your card does not need an extra ids= parameter. For certain cards, you must specify the audio device too, therefore device's ID must also be added to the list, otherwise you cannot use the card.

B.3.5 Load the VFIO driver

 

There are three ways you can load the VFIO driver.

B.3.5.1 Including the driver in the initrd file

 

  1. Create the file /etc/dracut.conf.d/gpu-passthrough.conf and add the following content (mind the leading whitespace): 

    add_drivers+=" vfio vfio_iommu_type1 vfio_pci vfio_virqfd"

  2. Re-generate the initrd file: 

    > sudo dracut --force /boot/initrd $(uname -r)

B.3.5.2 Adding the driver to the list of auto-loaded modules

 

Create the file /etc/modules-load.d/vfio-pci.conf and add the following content: 

vfio
vfio_iommu_type1
vfio_pci
kvm
kvm_intel

B.3.5.3 Loading the driver manually

 

To load the driver manually at runtime, execute the following command: 

> sudo modprobe vfio-pci

B.3.6 Disable MSR for Microsoft Windows guests

 

For Microsoft Windows guests, we recommend disabling MSR (model-specific register) to avoid the guest crashing. Create the file /etc/modprobe.d/kvm.conf and add the following content: 

options kvm ignore_msrs=1

B.3.7 Install UEFI firmware

 

For proper GPU pass-through functionality, the host needs to boot using UEFI firmware (that is, not using a legacy-style BIOS boot sequence). Install the qemu-ovmf package if not already installed: 

> sudo zypper install qemu-ovmf

B.3.8 Reboot the host machine

 

For most of the changes in the above steps to take effect, you need to reboot the host machine: 

> sudo shutdown -r now

B.4 Configuring the guest

 

This section describes how to configure the guest virtual machine so that it can use the host's NVIDIA GPU. Use Virtual Machine Manager or virt-install to install the guest VM. Find more details in Chapter 10, Guest installation.

B.4.1 Requirements for the guest configuration

 

During the guest VM installation, select Customize configuration before install and configure the following devices:

  • Use Q35 chipset if possible.

  • Install the guest VM using UEFI firmware.

  • Add the following emulated devices:

    Graphic: Spice or VNC

    Device: qxl, VGA or Virtio

    Find more information in Section 14.6, “Video”.

  • Add the host PCI device (03:00.0 in our example) to the guest. Find more information in Section 14.12, “Assigning a host PCI device to a VM Guest”.

  • For the best performance, we recommend using virtio drivers for the network card and storage.

B.4.2 Install the graphic card driver

 

B.4.2.1 Linux guest

 
Procedure B.1: RPM-based distributions
 

  1. Download the driver RPM package from https://www.nvidia.com/download/driverResults.aspx/131159/en-us.

  2. Install the downloaded RPM package: 

    > sudo rpm -i nvidia-diag-driver-local-repo-sles123-390.30-1.0-1.x86_64.rpm

  3. Refresh repositories and install cuda-drivers. This step is different for non-SUSE distributions: 

    > sudo zypper refresh && zypper install cuda-drivers

  4. Reboot the guest VM: 

    > sudo shutdown -r now
Procedure B.2: Generic installer
 

  1. Because the installer needs to compile the NVIDIA driver modules, install the gcc-c++ and kernel-devel packages.

  2. Disable Secure Boot on the guest, because NVIDIA's driver modules are unsigned. On SUSE distributions, you can use the YaST GRUB 2 module to disable Secure Boot. Find more information in Abschnitt 17.1.1, „Implementierung auf SUSE Linux Enterprise Server“.

  3. Download the driver installation script from https://www.nvidia.com/Download/index.aspx?lang=en-us, make it executable and run it to complete the driver installation: 

    > chmod +x NVIDIA-Linux-x86_64-460.73.01.run
> sudo ./NVIDIA-Linux-x86_64-460.73.01.run

  4. Download CUDA drivers from https://developer.nvidia.com/cuda-downloads?target_os=Linux&target_arch=x86_64&target_distro=SLES&target_version=15&target_type=rpmlocal and install following the on-screen instructions.

Note
Note: Display issues

After you have installed the NVIDIA drivers, the Virtual Machine Manager display loses its connection to the guest OS. To access the guest VM, you must either login via ssh, change to the console interface, or install a dedicated VNC server in the guest. To avoid a flickering screen, stop and disable the display manager: 

> sudo systemctl stop display-manager && systemctl disable display-manager
Procedure B.3: Testing the Linux driver installation
 

  1. Change the directory to the CUDA sample templates: 

    > cd /usr/local/cuda-9.1/samples/0_Simple/simpleTemplates

  2. Compile and run the simpleTemplates file: 

    > make && ./simpleTemplates
runTest<float,32>
GPU Device 0: "Tesla V100-PCIE-16GB" with compute capability 7.0
CUDA device [Tesla V100-PCIE-16GB] has 80 Multi-Processors
Processing time: 495.006000 (ms)
Compare OK
runTest<int,64>
GPU Device 0: "Tesla V100-PCIE-16GB" with compute capability 7.0
CUDA device [Tesla V100-PCIE-16GB] has 80 Multi-Processors
Processing time: 0.203000 (ms)
Compare OK
[simpleTemplates] -> Test Results: 0 Failures

B.4.2.2 Microsoft Windows guest

 
Important
Important

Before you install the NVIDIA drivers, you need to hide the hypervisor from the drivers by using the <hidden state='on'/> directive in the guest's libvirt definition, for example: 

<features>
 <acpi/>
 <apic/>
 <kvm>
  <hidden state='on'/>
 </kvm>
</features>

  1. Download and install the NVIDIA driver from https://www.nvidia.com/Download/index.aspx.

  2. Download and install the CUDA toolkit from https://developer.nvidia.com/cuda-downloads?target_os=Windows&target_arch=x86_64.

  3. Find several NVIDIA demo samples in the directory Program Files\Nvidia GPU Computing Toolkit\CUDA\v10.2\extras\demo_suite on the guest.