5 Installation on IBM Z and LinuxONE #

The first installation medium of the SUSE Linux Enterprise Server for IBM Z contains a bootable Linux image for Intel-based workstations and an image for IBM Z.

For Intel-based workstations, boot from this medium. When prompted, choose the desired answer language and keyboard layout and select Start rescue system. You need at least 64 MB RAM for this. No disk space is needed, because the entire rescue system resides in the workstation's RAM. This approach requires setting up the networking of the workstation manually.

For IBM Z, IPL your LPAR/VM guest from this medium as described in Section 5.3.4.1.2, “IPL from FCP-attached SCSI DVD”. After entering your network parameters, the installation system treats the medium as the source of installation data. Because IBM Z cannot have an X11-capable terminal attached directly, choose between VNC or SSH installation. Refer to Section 11.3, “Monitoring installation via VNC” or Section 11.4, “Monitoring installation via SSH” for more information. SSH also provides a graphical installation by tunneling the X connection through SSH with ssh -X.

Important: ssh -X connections between different architectures

By default, recent versions of the X.org and Xwayland servers do not accept connections from clients on different architectures. If you connect to the IBM Z machine from a AMD64/Intel 64 workstation with ssh -X, you will likely see the error message: “Prohibited client endianess, see the Xserver man page”.

To enable X connections between different architectures, create the file /etc/X11/xorg.conf.d/99-byte-swapping.conf with the following content:

Section "ServerFlags"
    Option "AllowByteSwappedClients" "on"
EndSection

Restart your X.org or Xwayland server to apply the configuration change:

> sudo systemctl restart display-manager.service

To make the installation media available with SMB, insert the USB flash drive with SLE-15-SP4-Online-ARCH-GM-media1.iso into the USB port of the Windows workstation. Then create a new share using the USB flash drive's letter and make it available for everyone in the network.

The installation path in YaST can be:

smb://DOMAIN;USER:PW@SERVERNAME/SHAREPATH

Where the placeholders mean:

Refer to the documentation provided with the third party product that enables NFS server services for your Windows workstation. The USB flash drive containing the SLE-15-SP4-Online-ARCH-GM-media1.iso medium must be in the available NFS path.

Refer to the documentation provided with the third-party product that is enabling FTP server services on your Windows workstation. The USB flash drive containing the SLE-15-SP4-Online-ARCH-GM-media1.iso medium must be in the available FTP path.

The FTP server that is bundled with certain Microsoft Windows releases implements only a subset of the FTP commands, and it is not suitable for providing the installation data. In this case, use a third-party FTP server that offers the required functionality.

After you IPLed from the SCSI DVD as described in Section 5.3.4.1.2, “IPL from FCP-attached SCSI DVD”, the installation system uses the DVD as the installation medium. In this case, you do not need the installation media on an FTP, NFS, or SMB server. However, you need the network configuration data for your SUSE Linux Enterprise Server, because you must set up the network during the installation to perform a graphical installation via VNC or by X.

Importing the media requires the installation source to be available on the Cobbler server—either from USB flash drive or from a network source. Run the following command to import the data:

> sudo cobbler import --path=PATH1 --name=IDENTIFIER2 --arch=s390x

Adding a distribution allows Cobbler to provide the kernel and the initrd required to IPL via zPXE. Run the following command on the Cobbler server to add SUSE Linux Enterprise Server for IBM Z:

> sudo cobbler distro add --arch=s390 --breed=suse --name="IDENTIFIER"1 \
  --os-version=sles152 \
  --initrd=/srv/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/IDENTIFIER/boot/s390x/initrd3 \
  --kernel=/srv/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/IDENTIFIER/boot/s390x/linux4 \
  --kopts="install=http://cobbler.example.com/cobbler/ks_mirror/IDENTIFIER"5

Adding a distribution (see Section 5.3.1.3.2, “Adding a distribution”) automatically generates a profile with the corresponding IDENTIFIER. Use the following command to make a few required adjustments:

> sudo cobbler distro edit \
--name=IDENTIFIER1 --os-version=sles102 --ksmeta=""3
--kopts="install=http://cobbler.example.com/cobbler/ks_mirror/IDENTIFIER"4

The last step is to add systems to the Cobbler server. This step must be performed for every IBM Z guest that should boot via zPXE. Guests are identified by their z/VM user ID (in the following example, the ID “linux01”). Note that the ID must be lowercase. To add a system, run the following command:

> sudo cobbler system add --name=linux01 --hostname=linux01.example.com \
--profile=IDENTIFIER --interface=qdio \
--ip-address=192.168.2.103 --subnet=192.168.2.255 --netmask=255.255.255.0 \
--name-servers=192.168.1.116 --name-servers-search=example.com \
--gateway=192.168.2.1 --kopts="KERNEL_OPTIONS"

The --kopts option allows you to specify the kernel and installation parameters that are usually specified in the parmfile. Specify the parameters using the following format: PARAMETER1=VALUE1 PARAMETER2=VALUE2. The installer prompts for missing parameters. For a fully-automated installation, you need to specify all parameters for networking, DASDs and provide an AutoYaST file. Below is an example for a guest equipped with an OSA interface using the same network parameters as above.

--kopts=" \
AutoYaST=http://192.168.0.5/autoinst.xml \
Hostname=linux01.example.com \
Domain=example.com \
HostIP=192.168.2.103 \
Gateway=192.168.2.1 \
Nameserver=192.168.1.116 \
Searchdns=example.com \
InstNetDev=osa; \
Netmask=255.255.255.0 \
Broadcast=192.168.2.255 \
OsaInterface=qdio \
Layer2=0 \
PortNo=0 \
ReadChannel=0.0.0700 \
WriteChannel=0.0.0701 \
DataChannel=0.0.0702 \
DASD=600"

The first step is to attach and format one or multiple DASDs in the system to be used by the Linux guest in z/VM. Next, create a new user in z/VM. The example shows the directory for a user LINUX1 with the password LINPWD, 1 GB of memory (extendable up to 2 GB), several minidisks (MDISK), two CPUs, and an OSA QDIO device.

Tip: Assigning memory to z/VM guests

When assigning memory to a z/VM guest, make sure that the memory size is adequate for the preferred installation type as described in Section 5.1.1.1, “Memory requirements”. To set the memory size to 1 GB, use the command CP DEFINE STORAGE 1G. After the installation has finished, reset the memory size to the desired value.

USER LINUX1 LINPWD 1024M 2048M G
*____________________________________________
* LINUX1
*____________________________________________
* This VM Linux guest has two CPUs defined.

CPU 01 CPUID 111111
CPU 02 CPUID 111222
IPL CMS PARM AUTOCR
IUCV ANY
IUCV ALLOW
MACH ESA 10
OPTION MAINTCCW RMCHINFO
SHARE RELATIVE 2000
CONSOLE 01C0 3270 A
SPOOL 000C 2540 READER *
SPOOL 000D 2540 PUNCH A
SPOOL 000E 3203 A
* OSA QDIO DEVICE DEFINITIONS
DEDICATE 9A0 9A0
DEDICATE 9A1 9A1
DEDICATE 9A2 9A2
*
LINK MAINT 0190 0190 RR
LINK MAINT 019E 019E RR
LINK MAINT 019D 019D RR
* MINIDISK DEFINITIONS
MDISK 201 3390 0001 0050 DASD40 MR ONE4ME TWO4ME THR4ME
MDISK 150 3390 0052 0200 DASD40 MR ONE4ME TWO4ME THR4ME
MDISK 151 3390 0253 2800 DASD40 MR ONE4ME TWO4ME THR4ME

This example uses minidisk 201 as the guest's home disk. Minidisk 150 with 200 cylinders is the Linux swap device. Disk 151 with 2800 cylinders holds the Linux installation.

As user MAINT, add the guest to the user directory with DIRM FOR LINUX1 ADD. Enter the name of the guest (LINUX1) and press F5. Set up the environment of the user with:

DIRM DIRECT
DIRM USER WITHPASS

The last command returns a reader file number. This number is needed for the next command:

RECEIVE <number> USER DIRECT A (REPL)

You can now log in on the guest as user LINUX1.

If you do not have the dirmaint option available, refer to the IBM documentation on how to set up this user.

Proceed with Section 5.3.4.2, “IPLing a z/VM installation”.

By default, libvirt searches for disk images in /var/lib/libvirt/images/ on the VM Host Server. Although images can also be stored anywhere on the file system, it is recommended to store all images in a single location for easier maintainability. To create an image, log in to the KVM host server and run the following command:

qemu-img create -f qcow2 /var/lib/libvirt/images/s12lin_qcow2.img 10G

This creates a qcow2 image with a size of 10 GB in /var/lib/libvirt/images/. For more information, refer to Section 34.2, “Managing disk images with qemu-img”.

A domain XML file is used to define the VM Guest. To create the domain XML file, open an empty file s15-1.xml with an editor and create a file like in the following example.

<domain type="kvm">
 <name>s15-1</name>
 <description>Guest-System SUSE SLES15</description>
 <memory>1048576</memory>
 <vcpu>1</vcpu>
 <os>
  <type arch="s390x" machine="s390-ccw-virtio">hvm</type>
  <!-- Boot kernel - remove 3 lines after successfull installation -->
  <kernel>/var/lib/libvirt/images/s15-kernel.boot</kernel>
  <initrd>/var/lib/libvirt/images/s15-initrd.boot</initrd>
  <cmdline>linuxrcstderr=/dev/console</cmdline>
 </os>
 <iothreads>1</iothreads>
 <on_poweroff>destroy</on_poweroff>
 <on_reboot>restart</on_reboot>
 <on_crash>preserve</on_crash>
 <devices>
  <emulator>/usr/bin/qemu-system-s390x</emulator>
  <disk type="file" device="disk">
   <driver name="qemu" type="qcow2" cache="none" iothread="1" io="native"/>
   <source file="/var/lib/libvirt/images/s15lin_qcow2.img"/>
   <target dev="vda" bus="virtio"/>
  </disk>
  <interface type="direct">
   <source dev="bond0" mode="bridge"/>
   <model type="virtio"/>
  </interface>
  <console type="pty">
   <target type="sclp"/>
  </console>
 </devices>
</domain>

Mark the LPAR to install and select Load from CD-ROM or server. Leave the field for the file location blank or enter the path to the root directory of the first DVD-ROM and select Continue. Keep the default selection in the list of options that appears. Operating system messages should now show the kernel boot messages.

You can use the Load procedure by selecting SCSI as Load type to IPL from SCSI. Enter the WWPN (Worldwide port name) and LUN (Logical unit number) provided by your SCSI bridge or storage (16 digits—do not omit the trailing 0s). The boot program selector must be 2. Use your FCP adapter as Load address and perform an IPL.

You need a working TCP/IP connection and an FTP client program within your newly-defined z/VM guest to transfer the installation system via FTP. Setting up TCP/IP for z/VM is beyond the scope of this manual. Refer to the appropriate IBM documentation.

Log in as the z/VM Linux guest to IPL. Make the content of the directory /boot/s390x of the Unified Installer (medium 1) available via FTP within your network. From this directory, get the files linux, initrd, parmfile, and sles.exec. Transfer the files with a fixed block size of 80 characters. Specify it with the FTP command locsite fix 80. It is important to copy linux (the Linux kernel) and initrd (the installation image) as binary files, so use the binary transfer mode. parmfile and sles.exec need to be transferred in ASCII mode.

The following example shows the required steps. This particular scenario assumes that the required files are accessible from an FTP server at the IP address 192.168.0.3 and the login is lininst.

FTP 192.168.0.3
VM TCP/IP FTP Level 530
Connecting to 192.168.0.3, port 21
220 ftpserver FTP server (Version wu-2.4.2-academ[BETA-18](1)
Thu Feb 11 16:09:02 GMT 2010) ready.
USER
lininst
331 Password required for lininst
PASS
******
230 User lininst logged in.
Command:
binary
200 Type set to I
Command:
locsite fix 80
Command:
get /media/dvd1/boot/s390x/linux sles.linux
200 PORT Command successful
150 Opening BINARY mode data connection for /media/dvd1/boot/s390x/linux
(10664192 bytes)
226 Transfer complete.
10664192 bytes transferred in 13.91 seconds.
Transfer rate 766.70 Kbytes/sec.
Command:
get /media/dvd1/boot/s390x/initrd sles.initrd
200 PORT Command successful
150 Opening BINARY mode data connection for /media/dvd1/boot/s390x/initrd
(21403276 bytes)
226 Transfer complete.
21403276 bytes transferred in 27.916 seconds.
Transfer rate 766.70 Kbytes/sec.
Command:
ascii
200 Type set to A
Command:
get /media/dvd1/boot/s390x/parmfile sles.parmfile
150 Opening ASCII mode data connection for /media/dvd1/boot/s390x/parmfile
(5 bytes)
226 Transfer complete.
5 bytes transferred in 0.092 seconds.
Transfer rate 0.05 Kbytes/sec.
Command:
get /media/dvd1/boot/s390x/sles.exec sles.exec
150 Opening ASCII mode data connection for /media/dvd1/boot/s390x/sles.exec
(891 bytes)
226 Transfer complete.
891 bytes transferred in 0.097 seconds.
Transfer rate 0.89 Kbytes/sec.
Command:
quit

Use the REXX script sles.exec you downloaded to IPL the Linux installation system. This script loads the kernel, parmfile, and the initial RAM disk into the reader for IPL.

/* REXX LOAD EXEC FOR SUSE LINUX S/390 VM GUESTS       */
/* LOADS SUSE LINUX S/390 FILES INTO READER            */
SAY ''
SAY 'LOADING SLES FILES INTO READER...'
'CP CLOSE RDR'
'PURGE RDR ALL'
'SPOOL PUNCH * RDR'
'PUNCH SLES LINUX A (NOH'
'PUNCH SLES PARMFILE A (NOH'
'PUNCH SLES INITRD A (NOH'
'IPL 00C'

Using the script, you can IPL the SUSE Linux Enterprise Server installation system with the command sles. The Linux kernel then starts and outputs its boot messages.

To continue the installation, proceed to Section 5.3.5, “Network configuration”.

To IPL in z/VM, prepare the SCSI IPL process by using the SET LOADDEV parameter:

SET LOADDEV PORTNAME 200400E8 00D74E00 LUN 00020000 00000000 BOOT 2

After setting the LOADDEV parameter with the appropriate values, IPL your FCP adapter, for example:

IPL FC00

To continue the installation, proceed with Section 5.3.5, “Network configuration”.

To IPL from a Cobbler server with zPXE, you need to transfer the zpxe.rexx script via FTP from the Cobbler server to your z/VM guest. To do this, the z/VM guest needs a working TCP/IP connection and an FTP client program.

Log in as the z/VM Linux guest to IPL and transfer the script with a fixed size of 80 characters in ASCII mode (see Example 5.3, “Transferring the binaries via FTP” for an example). The zpxe.rexx script is available on the Unified Installer DVD at /boot/s390x/zpxe.rexx or on a SLE Cobbler server at /usr/share/doc/packages/s390-tools/zpxe.rexx.

zpxe.rexx is supposed to replace the PROFILE EXEC of your guest. Make a backup copy of the existing PROFILE EXEC and rename ZPXE REXX to PROFILE EXEC. Alternatively, call ZPXE REXX from the existing PROFILE EXEC by adding the 'ZPXE REXX' line to it.

The last step is to create a configuration file ZPXE CONF that instructs ZPXE REXX which Cobbler server to contact and which disk to IPL. Run xedit zpxe conf a and create ZPXE CONF with the following content (replace the example data accordingly):

HOST cobbler.example.com
IPLDISK 600

This connects the Cobbler server next time you log in to the z/VM guest. If an installation is scheduled on the Cobbler server, it will be executed. To schedule the installation, run the following command on the Cobbler server:

> sudo cobbler system edit --name ID1 --netboot-enabled 12 --profile PROFILENAME3

Kernel and initrd of the installation system need to be copied to the VM Host Server to IPL the VM Guest into the installation system.

To IPL the VM Guest, log in to the KVM host and run the following command:

> virsh  create s15-1.xml --console

The installation process starts when the VM Guest is up and running, and you should see the following message:

Domain s15-1 started
Connected to domain s15-1
Escape character is ^]
Initializing cgroup subsys cpuset
Initializing cgroup subsys cpu
Initializing
cgroup subsys cpuacct
.
.
Please make sure your installation medium is available.
Retry?
0) <-- Back <--
1) Yes
2) No

Answer 2) No and choose Installation on the next step. Proceed as described in Section 5.3.5.3, “Set up the network and select the installation source”.