Access Control Lists | Administration Guide | SUSE Linux Enterprise High Availability Extension 12 SP5

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Applies to SUSE Linux Enterprise High Availability Extension 12 SP5

12 Access Control Lists #

Abstract#

The cluster administration tools like crm shell (crmsh) or Hawk2 can be used by root or any user in the group haclient. By default, these users have full read/write access. To limit access or assign more fine-grained access rights, you can use Access control lists (ACLs).

Access control lists consist of an ordered set of access rules. Each rule allows read or write access or denies access to a part of the cluster configuration. Rules are typically combined to produce a specific role, then users may be assigned to a role that matches their tasks.

12.1 Requirements and Prerequisites
12.2 Enabling Use of ACLs in Your Cluster
12.3 The Basics of ACLs
12.4 Configuring ACLs with Hawk2
12.5 Configuring ACLs with crmsh

Note: CIB Syntax Validation Version and ACL Differences

This ACL documentation only applies if your CIB is validated with the CIB syntax version pacemaker-2.0 or higher. For details on how to check this and upgrade the CIB version, see Note: Upgrading the CIB Syntax Version.

If you have upgraded from SUSE Linux Enterprise High Availability Extension 11 SPx and kept your former CIB version, refer to the Access Control List chapter in the Administration Guide for SUSE Linux Enterprise High Availability Extension 11 SP3 or earlier. It is available from https://documentation.suse.com/sle-ha-11.

12.1 Requirements and Prerequisites #

Before you start using ACLs on your cluster, make sure the following conditions are fulfilled:

Ensure you have the same users on all nodes in your cluster, either by using NIS, Active Directory, or by manually adding the same users to all nodes.
All users for whom you want to modify access rights with ACLs must belong to the haclient group.
All users need to run crmsh by its absolute path /usr/sbin/crm.
If non-privileged users want to run crmsh, their PATH variable needs to be extended with /usr/sbin.

Important: Default Access Rights

ACLs are an optional feature. By default, use of ACLs is disabled.
If ACLs are not enabled, root and all users belonging to the haclient group have full read/write access to the cluster configuration.
Even if ACLs are enabled and configured, both root and the default CRM owner hacluster always have full access to the cluster configuration.

To use ACLs you need some knowledge about XPath. XPath is a language for selecting nodes in an XML document. Refer to http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/XPath or look into the specification at http://www.w3.org/TR/xpath/.

12.2 Enabling Use of ACLs in Your Cluster #

Before you can start configuring ACLs, you need to enable use of ACLs. To do so, use the following command in the crmsh:

root # crm configure property enable-acl=true

Alternatively, use Hawk2 as described in Procedure 12.1, “Enabling Use of ACLs with Hawk2”.

Procedure 12.1: Enabling Use of ACLs with Hawk2 #

Log in to Hawk2:
```
https://HAWKSERVER:7630/
```
In the left navigation bar, select Cluster Configuration to display the global cluster options and their current values.
Below Cluster Configuration click the empty drop-down box and select enable-acl to add the parameter. It is added with its default value No.
Set its value to Yes and apply your changes.

12.3 The Basics of ACLs #

an access right like read, write, or deny
a specification where to apply the rule. This specification can be a type, an ID reference, or an XPath expression.

Usually, it is convenient to bundle ACLs into roles and assign a specific role to system users (ACL targets). There are two methods to create ACL rules:

Section 12.3.1, “Setting ACL Rules via XPath Expressions”. You need to know the structure of the underlying XML to create ACL rules.
Section 12.3.2, “Setting ACL Rules via Abbreviations”. Create a shorthand syntax and ACL rules to apply to the matched objects.

12.3.1 Setting ACL Rules via XPath Expressions #

To manage ACL rules via XPath, you need to know the structure of the underlying XML. Retrieve the structure with the following command that shows your cluster configuration in XML (see Example 12.1):

root # crm configure show xml

Example 12.1: Excerpt of a Cluster Configuration in XML #

<num_updates="59" 
      dc-uuid="175704363"
      crm_feature_set="3.0.9"
      validate-with="pacemaker-2.0"
      epoch="96"
      admin_epoch="0"
      cib-last-written="Fri Aug  8 13:47:28 2014"
      have-quorum="1">
  <configuration>
    <crm_config>
       <cluster_property_set id="cib-bootstrap-options">
        <nvpair name="stonith-enabled" value="true" id="cib-bootstrap-options-stonith-enabled"/>
       [...]
      </cluster_property_set>
    </crm_config>
    <nodes>
      <node id="175704363" uname="alice"/>
      <node id="175704619" uname="bob"/>
    </nodes>
    <resources> [...]  </resources>
    <constraints/>
    <rsc_defaults> [...] </rsc_defaults>
    <op_defaults> [...] </op_defaults>
  <configuration>
</cib>

With the XPath language you can locate nodes in this XML document. For example, to select the root node (cib) use the XPath expression /cib. To locate the global cluster configurations, use the XPath expression /cib/configuration/crm_config.

As an example, Table 12.1, “Operator Role—Access Types and XPath Expressions” shows the parameters (access type and XPath expression) to create an “operator” role. Users with this role can only execute the tasks mentioned in the second column—they cannot reconfigure any resources (for example, change parameters or operations), nor change the configuration of colocation or ordering constraints.

Table 12.1: Operator Role—Access Types and XPath Expressions #

Type	XPath/Explanation
Write	//crm_config//nvpair[@name='maintenance-mode'] Turn cluster maintenance mode on or off.
Write	//op_defaults//nvpair[@name='record-pending'] Choose whether pending operations are recorded.
Write	//nodes/node//nvpair[@name='standby'] Set node in online or standby mode.
Write	//resources//nvpair[@name='target-role'] Start, stop, promote or demote any resource.
Write	//resources//nvpair[@name='maintenance'] Select if a resource should be put to maintenance mode or not.
Write	//constraints/rsc_location Migrate/move resources from one node to another.
Read	/cib View the status of the cluster.

12.3.2 Setting ACL Rules via Abbreviations #

For users who do not want to deal with the XML structure there is an easier method.

For example, consider the following XPath:

//*[@id="rsc1"]

which locates all the XML nodes with the ID rsc1.

The abbreviated syntax is written like this:

ref:"rsc1"

This also works for constraints. Here is the verbose XPath:

//constraints/rsc_location

The abbreviated syntax is written like this:

type:"rsc_location"

The abbreviated syntax can be used in crmsh and Hawk2. The CIB daemon knows how to apply the ACL rules to the matching objects.

12.4 Configuring ACLs with Hawk2 #

The following procedures show how to configure read-only access to the cluster configuration by defining a monitor role and assigning it to a user. Alternatively, you can use crmsh to do so, as described in Procedure 12.4, “Adding a Monitor Role and Assigning a User with crmsh”.

Procedure 12.2: Adding a Monitor Role with Hawk2 #

Log in to Hawk2:
```
https://HAWKSERVER:7630/
```
In the left navigation bar, select Roles.
Click Create.
Enter a unique Role ID, for example, monitor.
As access Right, select Read.
As Xpath, enter the XPath expression /cib.
Click Create.
This creates a new role with the name monitor, sets the read rights and applies this to all elements in the CIB by using the XPath expression/cib.
If necessary, add more rules by clicking the plus icon and specifying the respective parameters.
Sort the individual rules by using the arrow up or down buttons.

Procedure 12.3: Assigning a Role to a Target with Hawk2 #

To assign the role we created in Procedure 12.2 to a system user (target), proceed as follows:

Log in to Hawk2:
```
https://HAWKSERVER:7630/
```
In the left navigation bar, select Targets.
To create a system user (ACL Target), click Create and enter a unique Target ID, for example, tux. Make sure this user belongs to the haclient group.
To assign a role to the target, select one or multiple Roles.
In our example, select the monitor role you created in Procedure 12.2.
Confirm your choice.

To configure access rights for resources or constraints, you can also use the abbreviated syntax as explained in Section 12.3.2, “Setting ACL Rules via Abbreviations”.

12.5 Configuring ACLs with crmsh #

The following procedure shows how to configure a read-only access to the cluster configuration by defining a monitor role and assigning it to a user.

Procedure 12.4: Adding a Monitor Role and Assigning a User with crmsh #

Start the interactive mode of crmsh:

root # crm configure
crm(live)configure#

Define your ACL role(s):
1. Use the role command to define a new role:
```
crm(live)configure# role monitor read xpath:"/cib"
```
  The previous command creates a new role with the name monitor, sets the read rights and applies it to all elements in the CIB by using the XPath expression /cib. If necessary, you can add more access rights and XPath arguments.
2. Add additional roles as needed.
Assign your roles to one or multiple ACL targets, which are the corresponding system users. Make sure they belong to the haclient group.
```
crm(live)configure# acl_target tux monitor
```
Check your changes:
```
crm(live)configure# show
```
Commit your changes:
```
crm(live)configure# commit
```

To configure access rights for resources or constraints, you can also use the abbreviated syntax as explained in Section 12.3.2, “Setting ACL Rules via Abbreviations”.

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