Create a Windows Virtual Machine

Create one or more virtual machines from the Virtual Machines page.

For creating Linux virtual machines, please refer to this page.

How to Create a Windows VM

Header Section

  1. Create a single VM instance or multiple VM instances.

  2. Set the VM name.

  3. (Optional) Provide a description for the VM.

  4. (Optional) Select the VM template windows-iso-image-base-template. This template will add a volume with the virtio drivers for Windows.

Basics Tab

  1. Configure the number of CPU cores assigned to the VM.

  2. Configure the amount of Memory assigned to the VM.

create-windows-vm

As mentioned above, it is recommended that you use the Windows VM template. The Volumes section will describe the options which the Windows VM template created automatically.

The bootOrder values need to be set with the installation image first. If you change it, your VM might not boot into the installation disk.

Volumes Tab

  1. The first volume is an Image Volume with the following values:

    1. Name: The value cdrom-disk is set by default. You can keep it or change it.

    2. Type: Select cd-rom.

    3. Image: Select the Windows image to be installed. See Upload Images for the full description on how to create new images.

    4. Size: The value 20 is set by default. You can change it if your image has a bigger size.

    5. Bus: The value SATA is set by default. It’s recommended you don’t change it.

  2. The second volume is a Volume with the following values:

    1. Name: The value rootdisk is set by default. You can keep it or change it.

    2. Type: Select disk.

    3. StorageClass: You can use the default StorageClass harvester-longhorn or specify a custom one.

    4. Size: The value 32 is set by default. See the disk space requirements for Windows Server and Windows 11 before changing this value.

    5. Bus: The value VirtIO is set by default. You can keep it or change it to the other available options, SATA or SCSI.

  3. The third volume is a Container with the following values:

    1. Name: The value virtio-container-disk is set by default. You can keep it or change it.

    2. Type: Select cd-rom.

    3. Docker Image: The value registry.suse.com/suse/vmdp/vmdp:2.5.4.2 is set by default. We recommend not changing this value.

    4. Bus: The value SATA is set by default. We recommend not changing this value.

  4. You can add additional disks using the buttons Add Volume, Add Existing Volume, Add VM Image, or Add Container.

create-windows-vm-volumes

Networks Tab

  1. The Management Network is added by default with the following values:

    1. Name: The value default is set by default. You can keep it or change it.

    2. Model: The value e1000 is set by default. You can keep it or change it to the other available options from the dropdown.

    3. Network: The value management Network is set by default. You can’t change this option if no other network has been created. See Harvester Network for the full description on how to create new networks.

    4. Type: The value masquerade is set by default. You can keep it or change it to the other available option, bridge.

  2. You can add additional networks by clicking Add Network.

create-windows-vm-networks

Changing the Node Scheduling settings can impact Harvester features, such as disabling Live migration.

Node Scheduling Tab

  1. Node Scheduling is set to Run VM on any available node by default. You can keep it or change it to the other available options from the dropdown.

create-windows-vm-scheduling

Advanced Options Tab

  1. OS Type: The value Windows is set by default. It’s recommended you don’t change it.

  2. Machine Type: The value None is set by default. It’s recommended you don’t change it. See the KubeVirt Machine Type documentation before you change this value.

  3. (Optional) Hostname: Set the VM hostname.

  4. (Optional) Cloud Config: Both User Data and Network Data values are set with default values. Currently, these configurations are not applied to Windows-based VMs.

  5. (Optional) Enable TPM, Booting in EFI mode, Secure Boot: Both the TPM 2.0 device and UEFI firmware with Secure Boot are hard requirements for Windows 11.

Currently, only non-persistent vTPMs are supported, and their state is erased after each VM shutdown. Therefore, Bitlocker should not be enabled.
create-windows-vm-advanced

Footer Section

Once all the settings are in place, click on Create to create the VM.

If you need to add advanced settings, you can edit the VM configuration directly by clicking on Edit as YAML. And if you want to cancel all changes made, click Cancel.

Installation of Windows

  1. Select the VM you just created, and click Start to boot up the VM.

  2. Boot into the installer, and follow the instructions given by the installer.

  3. (Optional) If you are using virtio based volumes, you will need to load the specific driver to allow the installer to detect them. If you’re using VM template windows-iso-image-base-template, the instruction is as follows:

    1. Click on Load driver, and then click Browse on the dialog box, and find a CD-ROM drive with a VMDP-WIN prefix. Next, find the driver directory according to the Windows version you’re installing; for example, Windows Server 2012r2 should expand win8.1-2012r2 and choose the pvvx directory inside. find-virtio-driver-directory

    2. Click OK to allow the installer to scan this directory for drivers, choose SUSE Block Driver for Windows, and click Next to load the driver. select-virtio-block-driver

    3. Wait for the installer to load up the driver. If you choose the correct driver version the virtio volumes will be detected once the driver is loaded. installer-found-virtio-drive

  4. (Optional) If you are using other virtio based hardware like network adapter, you will need to install those drivers manually after completing the installation. To install drivers, open the VMDP driver disk, and use the installer based on your platform.

The support matrix of VMDP driver pack for Windows are as follows (assume the VMDP CD-ROM drive path is E):

Version Supported Driver path

Windows 7

No

N/A

Windows Server 2008

No

N/A

Windows Server 2008r2

No

N/A

Windows 8 x86(x64)

Yes

E:\win8-2012\x86(x64)\pvvx

Windows Server 2012 x86(x64)

Yes

E:\win8-2012\x86(x64)\pvvx

Windows 8.1 x86(x64)

Yes

E:\win8.1-2012r2\x86(x64)\pvvx

Windows Server 2012r2 x86(x64)

Yes

E:\win8.1-2012r2\x86(x64)\pvvx

Windows 10 x86(x64)

Yes

E:\win10-server\x86(x64)\pvvx

Windows Server 2016 x86(x64)

Yes

E:\win10-server\x86(x64)\pvvx

Windows Server 2019 x86(x64)

Yes

E:\win10-server\x86(x64)\pvvx

Windows 11 x86(x64)

Yes

E:\win10-2004\x86(x64)\pvvx

Windows Server 2022 x86(x64)

Yes

E:\win10-2004\x86(x64)\pvvx

If you didn’t use the windows-iso-image-base-template template, and you still need virtio devices, please make sure to add your custom Windows virtio driver to allow it to detect the hardware correctly.

For full instructions on how to install the VMDP guest driver and tools see the documentation at https://documentation.suse.com/sle-vmdp/2.5/html/vmdp/index.html

Known Issues

Windows ISO unable to boot when using EFI mode

When using EFI mode with Windows, you may find the system booted with other devices like HDD or UEFI shell like the one below:

efi-shell

That’s because Windows will prompt a Press any key to boot from CD or DVD... to let the user decide whether to boot from the installer ISO or not, and it needs human intervention to allow the system to boot from CD or DVD.

boot-from-cd

Alternately if the system has already booted into the UEFI shell, you can type in reset to force the system to reboot again. Once the prompt appears you can press any key to let system boot from Windows ISO.

VM crashes when reserved memory not enough

There is a known issue with Windows VM when it is allocated more than 8GiB without enough reserve memory configured. The VM crashes without warning.

This can be fixed by allocating at least 256MiB of reserved memory to the template on the Advanced Options tab. If 256MiB doesn’t work, try 512MiB.

reserved-memory-config

BSoD (Blue Screen of Death) at first boot time of Windows

There is a known issue with Windows VM using Windows Server 2016 and above, a BSoD with error code KMODE_EXCEPTION_NOT_HANDLED may appears at the first boot time of Windows. We are still looking into it and will fix this issue in the future release.

As a workaround, you can create or modify the file /etc/modprobe.d/kvm.conf within the installation of Harvester by updating /oem/99_custom.yaml like below:

name: Harvester Configuration
stages:
  initramfs:
  - commands: # ...
    files:
    - path: /etc/modprobe.d/kvm.conf
      permissions: 384
      owner: 0
      group: 0
      content: |
          options kvm ignore_msrs=1
      encoding: ""
      ownerstring: ""
      # ...

This is still an experimental solution. For more information, please refer to this issue and please let us know if you have encountered any issues after applying this workaround.